Merge branch 'RELEASE'

Bump to dev revision after tagging 7.46.0. We already have enough changes pending for another minor - if 7.46 needs a patch release it will come from the rel-7-46 branch.
Update ChangeLog, set release date
2026-10-12 10:39:22 -04:00 · 2026-10-12 10:37:59 -04:00 · 2026-10-12 10:28:55 -04:00 · 2026-10-10 20:17:12 -04:00 · 2026-10-10 20:17:06 -04:00 · 2026-10-10 20:16:56 -04:00
61 changed files with 10382 additions and 10431 deletions
@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ jobs:
  osx:
    name: macOS Clang
    needs: [linux]
-    runs-on: macos-14
+    runs-on: macos-15
    strategy:
      fail-fast: true
    steps:
@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Prepare bext dependencies
        uses: ./brlcad/.github/actions/prepare-bext
        with:
-          platform-channel: macos-14-${{ runner.arch }}-release
+          platform-channel: macos-15-${{ runner.arch }}-release
          source-dir: ${{ github.workspace }}/brlcad
          output-dir: ${{ runner.temp }}/bext_output
          build-type: Release
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ jobs:
  osx_bext:
    name: macOS - BRL-CAD bext build
    needs: [linux_bext]
-    runs-on: macos-14
+    runs-on: macos-15
    strategy:
      fail-fast: true
    if: ${{ !cancelled() }}
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ set(CMAKE_FIND_USE_PACKAGE_REGISTRY FALSE)
 # Prepare to manage and build BRL-CAD's external dependencies. Specifies a
 # specific commit hash to use in the 'bext' repository.
 include(BRLCAD_ExternalDeps)
-brlcad_bext_init(0682795bcfe34644c17e5a4bdd0225c76f6bdc98)
+brlcad_bext_init(42d8d7ca57f9d2f61192b41f0b41a731f1ba6c47)

 #---------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Define various utilities.
@@ -352,9 +352,10 @@ set(CMAKE_SKIP_BUILD_RPATH FALSE)
 # it should only be set to the installation value when actually installed.
 set(CMAKE_BUILD_WITH_INSTALL_RPATH FALSE)

-# Add the automatically determined parts of the RPATH which point to
-# directories outside the build tree to the install RPATH
-set(CMAKE_INSTALL_RPATH_USE_LINK_PATH TRUE)
+# Installed runtime paths are defined explicitly below.  Do not append
+# directories discovered on the build host, since those paths may not exist
+# or may resolve to unrelated libraries on the installed system.
+set(CMAKE_INSTALL_RPATH_USE_LINK_PATH FALSE)

 # The following logic is what allows binaries to run successfully in the build
 # directory AND install directory.
@@ -151,10 +151,13 @@ recommended for serious developers.

 Various useful configurations for working with bext:

-* Get a git clone that has everything which might be needed (large,
-  but useful for offline building)
+* Acquire bext and its dependencies from another repository host

-git clone --recurse-submodules https://github.com/BRL-CAD/brlcad
+cmake .. -DBRLCAD_REPOSITORY_ROOT=https://git.example.org/brlcad
+
+* Acquire bext and its dependencies from local bare Git mirrors
+
+cmake .. "-DBRLCAD_REPOSITORY_ROOT=/path/to/mirror/BRL-CAD"

 * Have prebuilt bext outputs to reuse - BRL-CAD will simply copy and prepare
  the pre-existing files
@@ -398,10 +401,40 @@ Aliases:  ENABLE_RUNTIME_DEBUG, ENABLE_RUN_TIME_DEBUG, ENABLE_RUNTIME_DEBUGGING
          ENABLE_RUN_TIME_DEBUGGING


+--- BRLCAD_REPOSITORY_ROOT ---
+
+Repository URL or local directory containing bext and its dependency
+repositories. Defaults to https://github.com/BRL-CAD. The root directly
+contains repositories such as bext.git and astyle.git; BRL-CAD does not
+append BRL-CAD to the root.
+
+Remote Git URLs (including SSH), native paths, and file:// URLs are supported.
+Relative native paths are resolved against the BRL-CAD source directory.
+Quote the entire -D argument for paths containing spaces. The setting is
+cached and is also passed as BEXT_REPOSITORY_ROOT when BRL-CAD configures
+bext, including when BRLCAD_EXT_SOURCE_DIR supplies an existing checkout.
+Alternate roots require bext sources with BEXT_REPOSITORY_ROOT support.
+
+Local roots restrict CMake-driven Git acquisition and queries to file
+transport, with no online fallback. Mirrors must contain all required pinned
+commits and recursive submodules. Dependencies outside bext's canonical URL
+prefix require their own Git URL mappings. This setting does not restrict
+network access by dependency build scripts or change persistent Git settings.
+BRLCAD_EXT_DIR still selects prebuilt outputs, and changing the repository
+root alone does not force those outputs to be rebuilt.
+
+To return to the default source:
+
+cmake .. -DBRLCAD_REPOSITORY_ROOT=https://github.com/BRL-CAD
+
+
 --- BRLCAD_EXT_DIR ---

 If specified, BRL-CAD will look in this directory for bext compiled outputs to
-bundle and use during the build.
+bundle and use during the build. Relative paths are resolved against the
+BRL-CAD source directory. Distcheck subconfigures reuse this resolved output
+directory and preserve BRLCAD_REPOSITORY_ROOT, BRLCAD_EXT_SOURCE_DIR, and
+BRLCAD_EXT_PARALLEL when specified.


 --- BRLCAD_EXT_SOURCE_DIR ---
@@ -409,7 +442,8 @@ bundle and use during the build.
 If specified, BRL-CAD will look in this directory for bext source files. Use
 this when you have a pre-existing bext clone and don't want BRL-CAD's configure
 process to pull down another copy, but are still looking to have the BRL-CAD
-configure process manage producing bext build outputs.
+configure process manage producing bext build outputs. Relative paths are
+resolved against the BRL-CAD source directory.


 --- BRLCAD_EXT_PARALLEL ---
@@ -10,82 +10,113 @@ descriptive text that emphasizes or further describes significant
 changes made.  See document footer for additional details.

 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
--- 20XX-XX-XX  Release 7.46.0                                     ---
+--- 202X-XX-XX  Release 7.48.0                                     ---
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------

+
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+--- 2026-10-12  Release 7.46.0                                     ---
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+This release expands geometry conversion and improves modeling
+reliability.  STEP support adds AP203e2, AP214, and AP242
+import/export, native CSG round trips, and AP242 product and
+manufacturing information (PMI) import.  IGES and JT conversion is
+expanded, and new OpenSCAD CSG import/export tools are available.
+
+Facetization is more reliable, NMG solid ray tracing is 10-20 times
+faster, CSG ray tracing is faster, and BoT, DSP, and point-cloud ray
+intersections are corrected.  MGED gains numerous fixes to primitive,
+sketch, and combination editing, drawing, dialogs, and preferences.
+
+New tools support object nesting with arrange, building generation
+with mkbuilding, annotation editing, and primitive repair.  Geometry
+analysis, image utilities, Windows support, documentation, and bundled
+dependencies also receive substantial updates.
+
+* corrected Archer logic for saving window size - Cliff Yapp
+* fixed inside BoT rays, DSP surface normals, PNTS bounds - Cliff Yapp
+* improved mged fallback HTML manual viewer - Cliff Yapp
+* fixed gqa undefined densities and exit status - Chris McGregor
+* added ARBN support to the mged inside command - Cliff Yapp
+* improved HYP neck-ratio labels and BoT face selection - Cliff Yapp
+* fixed mged view panning, edit rotation, & ray queries - Cliff Yapp
+* preserved ARB, CLINE, TGC, & extrusion geometry edits - Cliff Yapp
+* restored mged command prompt focus at GUI startup - Cliff Yapp
+* new documentation on geometry representation schemes - Sean Morrison
 * improved pixscale & bwscale scaling and image piping - Sean Morrison
 * restored pixdiff behavior on .pix, added -b for .bw - Sean Morrison
-* updated MGED and Archer for Tcl 8.6.18 and Itcl/Itk 4 - Cliff Yapp
+* improved facetize fallback methods and reliability - Cliff Yapp
+* updated mged and Archer for Tcl 8.6.18 and Itcl/Itk 4 - Cliff Yapp
 * fixed writes to fileless geometry databases - Cliff Yapp
 * fixed nastran-g handling of large property IDs - Rupesh, Cliff Yapp
-* fixed dxf-g invalid polyface index crashes - Meghna45-code, Cliff Yapp
-* fixed Archer primitive editors under Itcl 4 - Cliff Yapp
-* fixed Archer shutdown menu cleanup errors - Cliff Yapp
-* fixed MGED Build Pattern dialog under Itcl 4 - Cliff Yapp
+* fixed dxf-g invalid polyface idx crash - Meghna45-code, Cliff Yapp
 * fixed TclCAD framebuffer listing and deletion - Cliff Yapp
-* fixed MGED Build Pattern progress updates - Cliff Yapp
-* fixed MGED search -exec reentry and Ctrl-C crashes - Cliff Yapp
-* fixed MGED asynchronous commands and clone progress - Cliff Yapp
-* accelerated large and repeated MGED path drawing - Cliff Yapp
+* fixed mged Build Pattern progress updates - Cliff Yapp
+* fixed mged search -exec reentry and Ctrl-C crashes - Cliff Yapp
+* fixed mged asynchronous commands and clone progress - Cliff Yapp
+* accelerated large and repeated mged path drawing - Cliff Yapp
 * fixed ARB7 inside solid construction - Cliff Yapp
 * fixed direct ARB face and edge-direction editing - Cliff Yapp
 * fixed rtwizard startup with framebuffer contention - Cliff Yapp
 * fixed Archer annotation line display updates - Cliff Yapp
 * fixed Archer sketch scale drift in non-mm databases - Cliff Yapp
 * fixed toggle arrow callbacks during setup - Cliff Yapp
-* fixed Tcl dialogs with multi-word titles and messages - Cliff Yapp
+* fixed Tcl dialogs with multi-word titles and msgs - Cliff Yapp
 * fixed Archer Tank Wizard gun generation - Cliff Yapp
-* fixed MGED and Archer sketch arc tangency editing - Cliff Yapp
+* fixed mged and Archer sketch arc tangency editing - Cliff Yapp
 * fixed Archer ARB4 point 3 editing - Cliff Yapp
 * fixed ARB4 storage from make and mk_arb4 - Cliff Yapp
 * fixed ARB4 and ARB6 center point calculations - Cliff Yapp
-* fixed concurrent MGED and rtwizard framebuffer use - Cliff Yapp
-* fixed MGED ShotVis editing and reload failures - Cliff Yapp
+* fixed concurrent mged and rtwizard framebuffer use - Cliff Yapp
+* fixed mged ShotVis editing and reload failures - Cliff Yapp
 * fixed Tcl widget geometry and selection defects - Cliff Yapp
-* fixed MGED BoT editor property handling - Cliff Yapp
-* fixed MGED LOD dialog and adaptive BoT wireframes - Cliff Yapp
-* fixed MGED Plot, PostScript, and manual launch tools - Cliff Yapp
-* fixed MGED Overlap Tool multi-object result handling - Cliff Yapp
+* fixed mged BoT editor property handling - Cliff Yapp
+* fixed mged LOD dialog and adaptive BoT wireframes - Cliff Yapp
+* fixed mged Plot, PostScript, and manual launch tools - Cliff Yapp
+* fixed mged Overlap Tool multi-object result handling - Cliff Yapp
 * eliminated 16-fold redundant gchecker grid analysis - Cliff Yapp
-* fixed Archer tree handling for object names with spaces - Cliff Yapp
+* fixed submodel transforms & relative database paths - Sean Morrison
+* fixed Archer tree handling for names with spaces - Cliff Yapp
 * fixed RtWizard multi-object edge occlusion handling - Cliff Yapp
 * fixed RtWizard title, About, and preference handling - Cliff Yapp
-* fixed MGED startup file false legacy-syntax warnings - Cliff Yapp
-* fixed MGED saved-view deletion and collaboration sync - Cliff Yapp
-* fixed MGED font preferences apply and persistence - Cliff Yapp
+* fixed mged startup file false legacy-syntax warnings - Cliff Yapp
+* fixed mged saved-view deletion and collaboration sync - Cliff Yapp
+* fixed mged font preferences apply and persistence - Cliff Yapp
 * fixed Archer combination edits changing Boolean trees - Cliff Yapp
 * fixed Archer command-line help startup crash - Cliff Yapp
-* fixed MGED Geometry Browser menu and close behavior - Cliff Yapp
-* fixed MGED collaboration view unshare crash - Cliff Yapp
-* added an override for Archer's preference file location - Cliff Yapp
+* fixed mged Geometry Browser menu and close behavior - Cliff Yapp
+* fixed mged collaboration view unshare crash - Cliff Yapp
+* added override for Archer's preference file location - Cliff Yapp
 * fixed embedded Archer display and mode menus - Cliff Yapp
 * added Archer -h and --help command-line options - Cliff Yapp
 * fixed Archer Help opening the documentation menu - Sean Morrison
-* improved fallback methodologies for facetize pipeline - Cliff Yapp
-* improved facetize pipeline robustness - Cliff Yapp
-* added arrange nest command for packing database objects - Sean Morrison
-* new mkbuilding tool for parametric/OSM/CityJSON models - Sean Morrison
+* added arrange nest command for packing db objects - Sean Morrison
+* added mkbuilding for parametric/OSM/CityJSON models - Sean Morrison
 * cross-platform BINUNIF and DSP byte-order handling - Sean Morrison
-* improved several cv default behaviors (s, 32, 64, n) - Sean Morrison
+* improved several cv default behaviors (s,32,64,n) - Sean Morrison
 * fixed invalid bot handling bug applying matrices - Sean Morrison
 * improved glTF import robustness via gcv - Sean Morrison
 * fixed bot dump glTF/GLB export; -F is now rejected - Cliff Yapp
 * faster NMG solid ray tracing (10-20x faster) - Sean Morrison
-* preserved primitive colors in shaded BoT and B-Rep drawing - Cliff Yapp
-* preserved B-Rep attributes through in-place geometry edits - Cliff Yapp
-* fixed gcv filter arguments containing one-character values - Cliff Yapp
+* preserved prim colors in shaded BoT and B-Rep drawing - Cliff Yapp
+* preserved B-Rep attrs through in-place geometry edits - Cliff Yapp
+* fixed gcv filter arguments w/ one-character values - Cliff Yapp
 * improved iges-g importer robustness - Cliff Yapp
 * expanded g-iges native CSG and B-Rep export support - Cliff Yapp
 * added IGES import and export support to gcv - Cliff Yapp
-* rt -b query option now supports a single value index - Sean Morrison
+* rt -b query option now supports a single value idx - Sean Morrison
 * fixed .dpix file format portability and icv support - Sean Morrison
 * expanded pixscale support for piped image data - Sean Morrison
 * fixed HYP volume and ARBN totals reported by analyze - Cliff Yapp
-* corrected rtarea sampling and exposed-area calculations - Cliff Yapp
+* fixed VOL data-file lookup and missing-data errors - Chris McGregor
+* corrected rtarea sampling/exposed-area calculations - Cliff Yapp
 * bot split now groups results and preserves mesh data - Cliff Yapp
-* bot decimate now preserves normals, UVs, and plate data - Cliff Yapp
+* bot decimate now preserves nrmls, UVs, and plate data - Cliff Yapp
 * added raytracing support for annotation objects - Cliff Yapp
-* fixed MGED X embedded framebuffer display manager crash - Cliff Yapp
+* fixed Windows subprocess quoting and empty arguments - Cliff Yapp
+* fixed mged X embedded framebuffer display manager crash - Cliff Yapp
+* fixed Windows drive-letter path handling - Cliff Yapp
 * added annotate command for managing annotation objects - Cliff Yapp
 * added repair command for supported invalid primitives - Cliff Yapp
 * changed default new-region material code from 1 to 0 - Keith Bowman
@@ -107,26 +138,34 @@ changes made.  See document footer for additional details.
 * added option validation to image & framebuffer tools - Sean Morrison
 * added contributor, API, command, & raytracing guides - Sean Morrison
 * added and updated command and library manual pages - Sean Morrison
+* added pnts write -f xyz export option - Chris McGregor
+* fixed mged ARB5 point editing - Cliff Yapp
+* fixed mged gqa and rtcheck stale overlap plots - Cliff Yapp
+* fixed procedural tree generator crashes - Sean Morrison, Cliff Yapp
+* added gaia Earth models with day/dusk/night textures - Sean Morrison
+* fixed fbcolor ramps & Windows input - Cliff Yapp, Sean Morrison
 * added parashot gravity trajectory path generator - Sean Morrison
-* added metaball point scaling (via metaball_move_pnt) - Sean Morrison
+* added metaball pnt scaling (via metaball_move_pnt) - Sean Morrison
 * all raytracing apps now report object prep failures - Sean Morrison
 * improved fast4-g robustness and error reporting - Cliff Yapp
 * improved robustness of g-vrml plate mode handling - Cliff Yapp
-* fixed MGED ARB5 point, pipe, and sketch editing - Cliff Yapp
-* added pnts write -f xyz export option - Chris McGregor
-* added support for tick drawing on MGED model axis - Cliff Yapp
+* added support for tick drawing on mged model axis - Cliff Yapp
 * added naca456 left and paired wing generation - Cliff Yapp
 * added patch-g -j option, specify object thicknesses - Sean Morrison
-* fixed fbcolor color ramp bug drawing the last color - Sean Morrison
+* corrected bwstat median and input error handling - Sean Morrison
 * fixed gist -Q quick preview option - Sean Morrison
 * rt preserves eye_pt setting in command scripts - Sean Morrison
+* removed trailing whitespace from nirt output - Sean Morrison
 * rt -l8 heat graphs now measure CPU time - Sean Morrison
 * documented gqa centroid & moments of inertia options - Sean Morrison
 * pixdiff now calculates pixel differences on bw files - Sean Morrison
-* fixed bwcrop single-axis crops and pixembed edge fill - Sean Morrison
+* fixed bwcrop single-axis crops & pixembed edge fill - Sean Morrison
 * fixed isize in non-mm databases - Josh Baker
 * fixed metaball adjust clearing points on errors - Sean Morrison
 * fixed benchmark+pixcmp correctness validation bug - Sean Morrison
+* fixed mged gqa option and value parsing - Sean Morrison
+* improved gist hierarchy overflow rendering - Chris McGregor
+* fixed rtxray -o grayscale/BW output - Sean Morrison
 * fbhelp writes help to stdout and rest to stderr - Sean Morrison
 * FB now supports /dev/stdout and /dev/stderr devices - Sean Morrison
 * fixed mged rt -C + -o background color to file bug - Sean Morrison
@@ -135,7 +174,7 @@ changes made.  See document footer for additional details.
 * added rtsil -o support for bw output - Sean Morrison
 * added cutting plane animation generation to rtwizard - Cliff Yapp
 * fixed pixdiff bug on Windows - Sean Morrison
-* fixed MGED startup window placement on Windows - Chris McGregor
+* fixed mged startup window placement on Windows - Chris McGregor
 * fixed pixborder utility right-side edge bug - Sean Morrison
 * fixed 'wavelet' image processing tool on Windows - Sean Morrison
 * quieted mged killtree spurious lookup failure output - Sean Morrison
@@ -146,14 +185,16 @@ changes made.  See document footer for additional details.
 * new doc guide, a visual overview of BRL-CAD objects - Sean Morrison
 * improved triangle quality produced by bot remesh - Cliff Yapp
 * updated numerous manpage command references - Josh Baker
-* fixed submodel paths relative to parent databases - Sean Morrison
 * improved performance making huge combinations - Sean Morrison
+* added PNTS get, adjust, form, & g2asc/asc2g support - Chris McGregor
+* fixed ANNOT get, adjust, & g2asc/asc2g support - Chris McGregor
 * added make -t primitive type listing - Chris McGregor
 * added gcv import conversion support for vrml/wrl 1.0 - Sean Morrison
 * fixed gcv appending to existing geometry databases - Sean Morrison
 * added CSS names, hex, HSL/HSV to libbu color parsing - Sean Morrison
 * improved OpenNURBS B-Rep import and adjustment safety - Cliff Yapp
-* improved Debian application menus and MIME associations - Jordi Sayol
+* improved Debian application menus/MIME associations - Jordi Sayol
+* updated Tcl/Tk dependency to v8.6.18 using bundled Itcl - Cliff Yapp
 * updated Clipper2 dependency to v1.5.4 - Cliff Yapp
 * updated Eigen dependency to v5.0.1 - Cliff Yapp
 * updated GDAL dependency to v3.13.3 - Cliff Yapp
@@ -165,7 +206,6 @@ changes made.  See document footer for additional details.
 * updated OpenNURBS dependency to v8.34.26223.11001 - Cliff Yapp
 * updated PROJ dependency to v9.8.1 - Cliff Yapp
 * updated PoissonRecon dependency to v18.75 - Cliff Yapp
-* updated Tcl/Tk dependency to v8.6.18, using bundled Itcl - Cliff Yapp
 * updated libjpeg-turbo dependency to v3.2.0 - Cliff Yapp
 * updated libosmesa dependency to SHA1 bfa90de - Cliff Yapp
 * updated libpng dependency to v1.6.58 - Cliff Yapp
@@ -274,7 +314,7 @@ and extensively improving existing docs.
 * added metadata-aware image diff & nirt analysis - Cliff Yapp
 * added basic PNTS point-cloud ray tracing - Sean Morrison
 * improved nirt behavior in Windows bash consoles - Cliff Yapp
-* added g2asc/asc2g support for PNTS, DSP, and EBM - Sean Morrison
+* added g2asc/asc2g support for DSP and EBM - Sean Morrison
 * updated gct mesh decimation dependency to mmesh - Cliff Yapp
 * added procedural wing, propeller & tree generators - Cliff Yapp
 * added ISO tire dimensions & named tread presets - Cliff Yapp
@@ -546,6 +586,7 @@ for more information.
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 --- 2023-11-06  Release 7.38.0                                     ---
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 This major release of BRL-CAD introduces significant improvements to
 the robustness of the facetize command by leveraging the Manifold
 library for boolean evaluation of meshes. Facetization is an operation
@@ -584,6 +625,7 @@ processing high level assemblies in BRL-CAD's example geometry files:
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 --- 2023-07-26  Release 7.36.0                                     ---
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 This major release of BRL-CAD introduces significant updates to
 geometry conversion support. The update includes modernization for
 NURBS importing and interaction, BoT manipulation, and incorporates
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
                          BRL-CAD
-                      Release 7.44.2
+                      Release 7.46.0
                    http://brlcad.org/

 BRL-CAD is a powerful cross-platform open source combinatorial
@@ -2668,15 +2668,6 @@ DOCUMENTATION
 	Comparison of how BRL-CAD overlaps feature-wise with various
 	major commercial CAD systems.

-* Solid Geometry Representation Comparisons
-	Describe the implications, tradeoffs, and conversion issues
-	involved when converting between different geometry
-	representations.  Includes describing implicit geometry,
-	explicit polygonal boundary representations, explicit spline
-	surface representations, volumetric models, wireframes,
-	boolean operations, feature edit operations, and parametric
-	modeling.
-
 * BRL-CAD Open Source
 	An overview of how BRL-CAD is organized as an open source
 	project and community describing the developer meritocracy,
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ set(
  procedural_geometry.adoc
  projection_shader.adoc
  renderer_showcase.adoc
+  solid_geometry_comparison.adoc
  taxonomy.adoc
  tire.adoc
 )
@@ -227,6 +228,17 @@ set(
  images/renderer_gallery_rthide.png
  images/renderer_gallery_rtdepth.png
  images/renderer_gallery_rtxray.png
+  images/solid_rep_csg.png
+  images/solid_rep_brep_boolean.png
+  images/solid_rep_brep_evaluated.png
+  images/solid_rep_polygonal_boolean.png
+  images/solid_rep_nmg.png
+  images/solid_rep_bot.png
+  images/solid_rep_revolve.png
+  images/solid_rep_voxel_cells.png
+  images/solid_rep_volume.png
+  images/solid_rep_point_cloud.png
+  images/solid_rep_wireframe.png
  images/adrt_castle_path.png
  images/adrt_castle_rt.png
  images/adrt_castle_rt_ao.png
@@ -409,6 +421,54 @@ if(
  set_target_properties(renderer-gallery-snapshot PROPERTIES EXCLUDE_FROM_DEFAULT_BUILD 1)
 endif()

+# Solid geometry comparison -- opt-in regeneration of committed snapshots.
+#
+# The article and solid_rep_*.png images are normal committed documentation.
+# This target rebuilds the common pawn, derives each representation with the
+# built tools, and refreshes the images for review.
+option(
+  BRLCAD_GENERATE_SOLID_REPRESENTATION_COMPARISON
+  "Regenerate the solid geometry representation comparison snapshots"
+  OFF
+)
+if(
+  BRLCAD_GENERATE_SOLID_REPRESENTATION_COMPARISON
+  AND TARGET mged
+  AND TARGET rt
+  AND TARGET g-voxel
+  AND TARGET asc2pix
+  AND TARGET fbclear
+  AND TARGET plot3-fb
+  AND TARGET fb-png
+)
+  add_custom_target(
+    solid-representation-comparison-snapshot
+    COMMAND
+      ${CMAKE_COMMAND}
+      -DMGED=$<TARGET_FILE:mged>
+      -DRT=$<TARGET_FILE:rt>
+      -DGVOXEL=$<TARGET_FILE:g-voxel>
+      -DASC2PIX=$<TARGET_FILE:asc2pix>
+      -DFBCLEAR=$<TARGET_FILE:fbclear>
+      -DPLOT3FB=$<TARGET_FILE:plot3-fb>
+      -DFBPNG=$<TARGET_FILE:fb-png>
+      -DMODEL_SCRIPT=${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/solid_geometry_comparison/create_pawn.tcl
+      -DIMGDIR=${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/images
+      -DWORKDIR=${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/solid_representation_comparison_work
+      -DSIZE=512
+      -P ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/solid_geometry_comparison/generate_comparison.cmake
+    DEPENDS mged rt g-voxel asc2pix fbclear plot3-fb fb-png
+    WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}
+    COMMENT "Regenerating solid geometry representation comparison snapshots"
+    VERBATIM
+    USES_TERMINAL
+  )
+  set_target_properties(
+    solid-representation-comparison-snapshot
+    PROPERTIES EXCLUDE_FROM_DEFAULT_BUILD 1
+  )
+endif()
+
 # ADRT path-tracing gallery -- opt-in regeneration of the committed snapshot.
 #
 # Like the galleries above, the adrt_pathtrace.adoc article is hand-written and
@@ -464,6 +524,8 @@ cmakefiles(
  gallery/generate_gallery.cmake
  renderer_gallery/renderer_gallery_manifest.cmake
  renderer_gallery/generate_renderer_gallery.cmake
+  solid_geometry_comparison/create_pawn.tcl
+  solid_geometry_comparison/generate_comparison.cmake
  adrt_gallery/generate_adrt_gallery.cmake
  gallery/inputs/pipe.stdin
  gallery/inputs/wire.stdin
@@ -0,0 +1,294 @@
+= Solid Geometry Representation Comparisons
+:doctype: article
+:toc:
+:toclevels: 2
+
+The same shape can be stored in very different ways.  This comparison uses a
+purpose-built chess pawn to show which information BRL-CAD retains, evaluates,
+or samples when moving among its principal geometry representations.  It is a
+guide to semantics and conversion choices, not a claim that one representation
+is universally best.
+
+== Common model and method
+
+The reference pawn is a region containing seven overlapping ellipsoids.  Their
+union is non-trivial enough to exercise curved surfaces, overlapping interiors,
+and several component boundaries while remaining reliable across the
+conversions shown here.  The sketch-and-revolve version independently follows
+the same nominal profile; it is not an exact conversion of the seven-piece CSG
+model.
+
+Every shaded image uses the same orthographic view, 512x512 image size,
+material, and single-threaded renderer.  The wireframe uses the same view and
+image size.  The faceting and sampling settings are intentionally coarse enough
+to remain visible.  A similar silhouette therefore does not mean that two
+database objects have the same structure or numerical boundary.
+
+NOTE: This article and its images are a committed snapshot.  Developers can
+regenerate the figures from built BRL-CAD tools by configuring with
+`-DBRLCAD_GENERATE_SOLID_REPRESENTATION_COMPARISON=ON` and building the
+`solid-representation-comparison-snapshot` target.
+
+== At a glance
+
+[cols="2,2,1,2,4",options="header"]
+|===
+|Form
+|BRL-CAD storage
+|Solid?
+|Boolean state
+|Editing and conversion consequences
+
+|Analytic CSG
+|Seven `ell` leaves in a combination
+|Yes
+|Retained
+|Compact primitive parameters and tree edits preserve construction intent.
+
+|B-rep tree
+|Closed `brep` leaves in a combination
+|Yes
+|Retained
+|NURBS surfaces and trims replace analytic leaves, but the assembly tree remains.
+
+|Evaluated B-rep
+|One closed `brep`
+|Yes
+|Evaluated
+|Direct face, edge, trim, and control-point editing is possible; original
+features and hierarchy are gone.
+
+|Polygonal tree
+|Solid-mode `bot` leaves in a combination
+|Yes
+|Retained
+|Leaf tessellation is approximate, but components and their union tree remain
+independently replaceable.
+
+|Evaluated NMG
+|One `nmg`
+|Yes
+|Evaluated
+|Stores explicit, topology-rich polygonal boundaries and can record
+non-manifold relationships.
+
+|Evaluated triangle mesh
+|One solid-mode `bot`
+|Yes
+|Evaluated
+|Portable triangle connectivity, but curved geometry and construction history
+have been sampled away.
+
+|Sketch and revolve
+|One `sketch` referenced by one `revolve`
+|Yes
+|Not needed here
+|The profile, axis, and sweep angle are compact, meaningful parameters.
+
+|Voxel cells
+|A region containing many `arb8` boxes
+|Yes (sampled)
+|Cell union retained
+|Individual cells are ordinary CSG geometry; size grows rapidly as cells
+shrink.
+
+|Sampled volume
+|A file-backed `vol` scalar grid
+|Yes (thresholded)
+|None
+|Compact regular-grid occupancy; resolution and threshold determine the boundary.
+
+|Point cloud
+|One `pnts` object with positions and normals
+|No pawn interior
+|None
+|Useful as measured or sampled evidence, but it has no inherent connected
+boundary or inside/outside rule.
+
+|Wireframe
+|Derived line display of the CSG object
+|No
+|Uses source tree
+|A view-dependent drawing aid, not an independent solid representation.
+|===
+
+"Solid" in this table means that the stored object supplies usable
+inside/outside semantics for the pawn.  An arbitrary B-rep or mesh is not
+automatically a solid: its boundary must be closed and consistently oriented.
+The point size used to render `pnts` makes each sample a small sphere, but those
+spheres do not reconstruct the pawn interior.  A wireframe likewise does not
+become a solid merely because its curves appear closed in one view.
+
+== Implicit and parametric forms
+
+[cols="1,1"]
+[%noheader]
+|===
+|image:images/solid_rep_csg.png[Analytic CSG pawn,512]
+|image:images/solid_rep_revolve.png[Sketch and revolve pawn,512]
+
+|*Analytic CSG.* Native primitives retain their equations and dimensions; the
+region evaluates their union during ray tracing.
+|*Sketch plus revolve.* A closed line-segment profile is swept through 360
+degrees.  The stepped profile is intentional and remains editable in two
+dimensions.
+|===
+
+Analytic CSG is an implicit representation: intersections with ideal primitive
+surfaces are computed as needed rather than read from a stored boundary mesh.
+It is usually the most compact form here and makes edits such as changing the
+head radius or stem proportions direct.  Its Boolean hierarchy also records why the
+shape was assembled.
+
+`sketch` plus `revolve` is another procedural, parameterized description.  It
+works especially well for an axisymmetric part, although a sketch with only
+line segments produces conical and cylindrical bands rather than the pawn's
+original ellipsoidal surfaces.  BRL-CAD supports primitive parameters, placement
+matrices, sketches, and sweeps; that should not be confused with a general
+constraint solver or an associative feature-history system.
+
+== Spline boundary representations
+
+[cols="1,1"]
+[%noheader]
+|===
+|image:images/solid_rep_brep_boolean.png[B-rep leaves with Boolean tree,512]
+|image:images/solid_rep_brep_evaluated.png[Single evaluated B-rep,512]
+
+|*B-rep with Booleans.* Each analytic leaf becomes a closed B-rep whose
+boundaries are trimmed NURBS surfaces.  The original union tree is retained.
+|*B-rep without Booleans.* Boolean evaluation produces one explicit boundary;
+operand identities and the construction tree no longer exist as editable
+features.
+|===
+
+A B-rep stores faces, trims, edges, vertices, and their topology explicitly.
+Rational NURBS can represent the source quadrics exactly as surfaces, but that
+does not make every CSG-to-B-rep conversion exact: intersections, trimming,
+topology classification, and repair use numerical tolerances.  Keeping a tree
+of B-rep leaves isolates conversion to each primitive and retains high-level
+editing.  Evaluating the tree yields a more self-contained boundary for
+exchange and face-level work, at the cost of that history.  This snapshot's
+evaluated result passes both `brep ... valid` and `brep ... solid`; conversion
+results should be checked rather than assumed to be closed.
+
+== Polygonal boundaries
+
+[cols="1,1,1"]
+[%noheader]
+|===
+|image:images/solid_rep_polygonal_boolean.png[BoT leaves with Boolean tree,512]
+|image:images/solid_rep_nmg.png[Evaluated NMG pawn,512]
+|image:images/solid_rep_bot.png[Evaluated BoT pawn,512]
+
+|*Polygonal with Booleans.* Each leaf is independently tessellated to a BoT,
+then placed in the original union tree.
+|*Evaluated NMG.* One non-manifold geometry object records the evaluated
+polygonal boundary and its richer topology.
+|*Evaluated triangle mesh.* One solid, counter-clockwise BoT stores 982
+vertices and 1,960 triangular faces in this snapshot.
+|===
+
+All three images expose the same coarse tessellation.  Their similar appearance
+hides an important distinction: the first still has seven editable operands,
+whereas the NMG and single BoT are evaluated results.  NMG can represent
+polygonal faces and non-manifold adjacency; BoT faces are triangles only.
+Neither recreates analytic curvature when converted back.  Finer tessellation
+reduces visible error but increases storage and processing cost.
+
+== Sampled forms
+
+[cols="1,1,1"]
+[%noheader]
+|===
+|image:images/solid_rep_voxel_cells.png[Pawn represented by CSG voxel cells,512]
+|image:images/solid_rep_volume.png[Pawn represented by a VOL grid,512]
+|image:images/solid_rep_point_cloud.png[Pawn represented by surface points,512]
+
+|*Explicit voxel cells.* `voxelize` tests 3 mm cells and creates a CSG union of
+699 boxes for cells exceeding the occupancy threshold.
+|*Sampled volume.* `g-voxel` samples a 2 mm grid; a file-backed `vol` interprets
+the resulting 17x17x30 byte array through an occupancy window.
+|*Point cloud.* `pnts gen` samples the analytic surface on a 2 mm grid.  Small
+rendered spheres make the otherwise zero-area sample locations visible.
+|===
+
+The two voxel images are deliberately separate.  The `voxelize` command emits
+ordinary box primitives and a combination, while `vol` reads scalar samples on
+a regular grid and derives a threshold boundary at ray-trace time.  Both are
+volumetric approximations whose accuracy, memory, and feature size depend on
+cell spacing.  A point cloud samples only the surface and has no connectivity;
+surface reconstruction requires additional assumptions and may invent or omit
+geometry.
+
+== Wireframe display
+
+image::images/solid_rep_wireframe.png[Wireframe display of the analytic CSG pawn,512]
+
+This wireframe is a view-plane plot of MGED's unevaluated display of the
+analytic CSG pawn; hidden lines are not removed.  Wireframes are useful for
+selection, orientation, and seeing component curves, but they are ambiguous:
+curves alone do not say which side is material, which loops bound faces, or
+which surfaces enclose volume.  Keep the solid that generated the display
+rather than treating the drawing as an equivalent conversion target.
+
+== Conversion and editing consequences
+
+A conversion command is not an equivalence guarantee.  Before replacing source
+data, check at least these effects:
+
+* *Tolerance and resolution:* B-rep Boolean evaluation uses intersection and
+  topology tolerances; tessellation uses chord and angular tolerances; voxels
+  and points use sample spacing and thresholds.  Each can erase a feature
+  smaller than its controlling tolerance.
+* *Construction intent:* evaluating a Boolean tree discards operand identity,
+  primitive parameters, and ordering.  Converting leaves while retaining the
+  tree keeps more of that intent.
+* *Topology:* a visually plausible B-rep or mesh may contain gaps, duplicate
+  faces, self-intersections, or inconsistent orientation.  Validate closure
+  and ray behavior, not only a shaded image.
+* *Attributes:* collapsing a hierarchy may change where region identifiers,
+  materials, colors, and other attributes reside.  Verify them separately
+  from geometry.
+* *Round trips:* CSG to mesh to B-rep does not recover the original equations;
+  points to a surface requires reconstruction; resampling a volume compounds
+  discretization.  Retain the highest-level trustworthy source.
+
+For parameter changes and repeated design work, prefer analytic primitives,
+sketch sweeps, and preserved combination trees.  Prefer a validated B-rep when
+trimmed-surface topology or exchange requires it.  Use NMG for topology-rich
+polygonal processing and BoT for triangle-oriented interchange or algorithms.
+Use voxels for occupancy operations and point clouds for measured or sampled
+data, not as silent substitutes for a watertight solid.
+
+BRL-CAD also supports specialized forms such as DSP height fields, EBM
+extrusions, ARS surfaces, metaballs, and legacy `poly` and `bspline` objects.
+They are not shown as interchangeable pawn encodings: DSP and EBM are
+domain-specific, metaballs change the modeling method, and BoT and B-rep are the
+preferred general successors to the legacy polygon and spline forms.
+
+== Reproducing the conversions
+
+The snapshot generator creates the database and runs these principal MGED
+operations (names shortened here only where noted):
+
+[source]
+----
+brep comparison.csg.r brep --no-evaluation
+brep comparison.csg.r brep comparison.brep_evaluated.s
+facetize -n comparison.csg.r comparison.nmg.s
+facetize --methods NMG comparison.csg.r comparison.bot.s
+facetize --methods NMG base.s base.bot        # repeated for all seven leaves
+voxelize -s "3 3 3" -d 4 -t 0.45 comparison.voxel_cells.r comparison.csg.r
+pnts gen -t 2 --surface --grid comparison.csg.r comparison.samples
+pnts write comparison.samples comparison.xyz
+pnts read -f xyzijk --size 0.45 comparison.xyz comparison.point_cloud.s
+----
+
+The generator also runs `g-voxel` and expands its sparse occupied-cell report
+into the x-fastest byte array used by `vol`.  It then renders every shaded
+object with `rt -B -M -P1` and the saved view; MGED's `plot -2d`, `plot3-fb`,
+and `fb-png` produce the wireframe image.  See
+`solid_geometry_comparison/generate_comparison.cmake` and
+`solid_geometry_comparison/create_pawn.tcl` for the complete reproducible
+inputs.
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Create the shared pawn used by the solid-representation comparison.
+
+title {Solid geometry representation comparison pawn}
+units mm
+
+# Deliberate overlaps keep the pawn connected while exercising curved-surface
+# intersections during Boolean evaluation.
+db put base.s ell V {0 0 4.5} A {17 0 0} B {0 17 0} C {0 0 4.5}
+db put base_bead.s ell V {0 0 9.5} A {14 0 0} B {0 14 0} C {0 0 5}
+db put body.s ell V {0 0 18} A {12 0 0} B {0 12 0} C {0 0 9}
+db put stem.s ell V {0 0 29} A {7 0 0} B {0 7 0} C {0 0 13}
+db put collar.s ell V {0 0 39} A {9 0 0} B {0 9 0} C {0 0 3.5}
+db put neck.s ell V {0 0 43} A {6.5 0 0} B {0 6.5 0} C {0 0 5}
+db put head.s ell V {0 0 50} A {9 0 0} B {0 9 0} C {0 0 9}
+
+db put comparison.csg.r comb region yes id 1000 los 100 GIFTmater 1 rgb {235 190 90} shader {plastic} tree {u {u {u {l base.s} {l base_bead.s}} {u {l body.s} {l stem.s}}} {u {u {l collar.s} {l neck.s}} {l head.s}}}
+
+# The revolve uses a deliberately independent outline.  Its single closed
+# sketch approximates the same pawn silhouette without copying the CSG tree.
+db put comparison.profile sketch V {0 0 0} A {1 0 0} B {0 0 1} VL {{0 0} {17 0} {17 2} {16.3 4} {15 6} {14 8} {15.4 7} {16 9} {15.4 11} {13.5 12.5} {11.2 14} {12 18} {11 21} {9.5 23} {8 26} {7.5 32} {6.5 36} {7.5 37} {9 39} {7.5 41} {6.5 42} {6.5 43} {7.5 44} {8.5 46} {9 50} {8.5 54} {6.7 56.5} {0 59}} SL {{line S 0 E 1} {line S 1 E 2} {line S 2 E 3} {line S 3 E 4} {line S 4 E 5} {line S 5 E 6} {line S 6 E 7} {line S 7 E 8} {line S 8 E 9} {line S 9 E 10} {line S 10 E 11} {line S 11 E 12} {line S 12 E 13} {line S 13 E 14} {line S 14 E 15} {line S 15 E 16} {line S 16 E 17} {line S 17 E 18} {line S 18 E 19} {line S 19 E 20} {line S 20 E 21} {line S 21 E 22} {line S 22 E 23} {line S 23 E 24} {line S 24 E 25} {line S 25 E 26} {line S 26 E 27} {line S 27 E 0}}
+db put comparison.revolve.s revolve V {0 0 0} axis {0 0 1} R {1 0 0} ang 6.283185307179586 sk_name comparison.profile
+db put comparison.revolve.r comb region yes id 1001 los 100 GIFTmater 1 rgb {235 190 90} shader {plastic} tree {l comparison.revolve.s}
+
+q
@@ -0,0 +1,372 @@
+# Regenerate the solid geometry representation comparison snapshots.
+#
+# The article is hand-written.  This script builds its common pawn model,
+# derives each representation using BRL-CAD tools, and replaces the committed
+# images.  All databases and sidecar data remain in WORKDIR.
+
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.20)
+
+foreach(v MGED RT GVOXEL ASC2PIX FBCLEAR PLOT3FB FBPNG
+          MODEL_SCRIPT IMGDIR WORKDIR)
+  if(NOT DEFINED ${v})
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "generate_comparison: -D${v}=... is required")
+  endif()
+endforeach()
+
+if(NOT DEFINED SIZE)
+  set(SIZE 512)
+endif()
+
+set(RENDER_TIMEOUT 1800)
+set(PAWN_DB "${WORKDIR}/solid_representation_pawn.g")
+set(VIEW_SCRIPT "${WORKDIR}/pawn.view")
+set(MGED_SCRIPT "${WORKDIR}/assemble_variants.tcl")
+set(VOXELIZE_SCRIPT "${WORKDIR}/voxelize.tcl")
+set(VOXEL_LIST "${WORKDIR}/voxels1.txt")
+set(VOLUME_ASCII "${WORKDIR}/comparison_volume.asc")
+set(VOLUME_FILE "${WORKDIR}/comparison.vol")
+
+file(REMOVE_RECURSE "${WORKDIR}")
+file(MAKE_DIRECTORY "${WORKDIR}")
+file(MAKE_DIRECTORY "${IMGDIR}")
+
+function(run_process label)
+  execute_process(
+    COMMAND ${ARGN}
+    WORKING_DIRECTORY "${WORKDIR}"
+    TIMEOUT ${RENDER_TIMEOUT}
+    RESULT_VARIABLE process_result
+    OUTPUT_VARIABLE process_stdout
+    ERROR_VARIABLE process_stderr
+  )
+  if(NOT process_result EQUAL 0)
+    message(
+      FATAL_ERROR
+      "${label} failed (exit ${process_result})\n${process_stdout}${process_stderr}"
+    )
+  endif()
+  message(STATUS "${label}")
+endfunction()
+
+function(require_brep_property object property expected_output)
+  execute_process(
+    COMMAND "${MGED}" --no-rc -c "${PAWN_DB}" brep "${object}" "${property}"
+    WORKING_DIRECTORY "${WORKDIR}"
+    TIMEOUT ${RENDER_TIMEOUT}
+    RESULT_VARIABLE property_result
+    OUTPUT_VARIABLE property_stdout
+    ERROR_VARIABLE property_stderr
+  )
+  set(property_output "${property_stdout}${property_stderr}")
+  if(NOT property_result EQUAL 0 OR NOT property_output MATCHES "${expected_output}")
+    message(
+      FATAL_ERROR
+      "B-rep ${object} is not ${property}\n${property_output}"
+    )
+  endif()
+  message(STATUS "Validated B-rep ${object}: ${property}")
+endfunction()
+
+execute_process(
+  COMMAND "${MGED}" --no-rc -c "${PAWN_DB}"
+  WORKING_DIRECTORY "${WORKDIR}"
+  TIMEOUT ${RENDER_TIMEOUT}
+  INPUT_FILE "${MODEL_SCRIPT}"
+  RESULT_VARIABLE create_result
+  OUTPUT_VARIABLE create_stdout
+  ERROR_VARIABLE create_stderr
+)
+if(NOT create_result EQUAL 0 OR NOT EXISTS "${PAWN_DB}")
+  message(
+    FATAL_ERROR
+    "Creating the comparison pawn failed (exit ${create_result})\n${create_stdout}${create_stderr}"
+  )
+endif()
+
+# Preserve one Boolean hierarchy as B-rep leaves, and evaluate another into a
+# single B-rep.  The default suffix is intentional: supplying an explicit
+# suffix changes parsing in older MGED versions.
+set(PAWN_LEAVES base base_bead body stem collar neck head)
+run_process(
+  "Created Boolean tree of B-rep leaves"
+  "${MGED}" --no-rc -c "${PAWN_DB}" brep comparison.csg.r brep --no-evaluation
+)
+foreach(leaf IN LISTS PAWN_LEAVES)
+  require_brep_property("${leaf}.s.brep" solid "brep is solid")
+endforeach()
+run_process(
+  "Created evaluated B-rep"
+  "${MGED}" --no-rc -c "${PAWN_DB}" brep comparison.csg.r brep comparison.brep_evaluated.s
+)
+require_brep_property(comparison.brep_evaluated.s valid "brep is valid")
+require_brep_property(comparison.brep_evaluated.s solid "brep is solid")
+
+# Generate both the topology-rich NMG form and the triangle-only BoT form.
+run_process(
+  "Created evaluated NMG"
+  "${MGED}" --no-rc -c "${PAWN_DB}" facetize -n comparison.csg.r comparison.nmg.s
+)
+run_process(
+  "Created evaluated BoT"
+  "${MGED}" --no-rc -c "${PAWN_DB}" facetize --methods NMG comparison.csg.r comparison.bot.s
+)
+
+# Tessellating leaves independently preserves the editable Boolean hierarchy.
+foreach(leaf IN LISTS PAWN_LEAVES)
+  run_process(
+    "Tessellated ${leaf}.s"
+    "${MGED}" --no-rc -c "${PAWN_DB}" facetize --methods NMG "${leaf}.s" "${leaf}.bot"
+  )
+endforeach()
+
+file(WRITE "${VOXELIZE_SCRIPT}" "voxelize -s {3 3 3} -d 4 -t 0.45 comparison.voxel_cells.r comparison.csg.r\nq\n")
+execute_process(
+  COMMAND "${MGED}" --no-rc -c "${PAWN_DB}"
+  WORKING_DIRECTORY "${WORKDIR}"
+  TIMEOUT ${RENDER_TIMEOUT}
+  INPUT_FILE "${VOXELIZE_SCRIPT}"
+  RESULT_VARIABLE voxelize_result
+  OUTPUT_VARIABLE voxelize_stdout
+  ERROR_VARIABLE voxelize_stderr
+)
+if(NOT voxelize_result EQUAL 0)
+  message(
+    FATAL_ERROR
+    "Creating explicit voxel cells failed (exit ${voxelize_result})\n${voxelize_stdout}${voxelize_stderr}"
+  )
+endif()
+message(STATUS "Created explicit voxel cells")
+
+# PNTS stores point size at import time.  The generator first writes all
+# sampled fields (xyzijk), then reads them back with a visible point diameter.
+run_process(
+  "Sampled pawn surface"
+  "${MGED}" --no-rc -c "${PAWN_DB}" pnts gen -t 2 --surface --grid
+  comparison.csg.r comparison.samples
+)
+run_process(
+  "Exported pawn point samples"
+  "${MGED}" --no-rc -c "${PAWN_DB}" pnts write comparison.samples comparison.xyz
+)
+run_process(
+  "Created visible point cloud"
+  "${MGED}" --no-rc -c "${PAWN_DB}" pnts read -f xyzijk --size 0.45
+  comparison.xyz comparison.point_cloud.s
+)
+
+# g-voxel reports occupied cells.  Expand that sparse report into the regular,
+# x-fastest byte array required by VOL.  The pawn bounds are [-17,17] in X/Y
+# and [0,60] in Z; 2 mm cells therefore form a 17 x 17 x 30 grid.
+file(REMOVE "${VOXEL_LIST}")
+run_process(
+  "Sampled VOL grid"
+  "${GVOXEL}" -s "2 2 2" -d 4 -t 0.5 "${PAWN_DB}" comparison.csg.r
+)
+if(NOT EXISTS "${VOXEL_LIST}")
+  message(FATAL_ERROR "g-voxel did not create ${VOXEL_LIST}")
+endif()
+
+file(STRINGS "${VOXEL_LIST}" voxel_lines)
+list(LENGTH voxel_lines occupied_voxels)
+if(occupied_voxels EQUAL 0)
+  message(FATAL_ERROR "g-voxel reported no occupied cells")
+endif()
+
+foreach(line IN LISTS voxel_lines)
+  string(
+    REGEX MATCH
+    "^\\((-?[0-9]+)\\.0+, (-?[0-9]+)\\.0+, (-?[0-9]+)\\.0+\\)[ \t]+[^ \t]+[ \t]+[0-9.]+$"
+    parsed "${line}"
+  )
+  if(NOT parsed)
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "Cannot parse g-voxel output: ${line}")
+  endif()
+  set(x_coord "${CMAKE_MATCH_1}")
+  set(y_coord "${CMAKE_MATCH_2}")
+  set(z_coord "${CMAKE_MATCH_3}")
+  math(EXPR x_index "(${x_coord} + 16) / 2")
+  math(EXPR y_index "(${y_coord} + 16) / 2")
+  math(EXPR z_index "(${z_coord} - 1) / 2")
+  if(x_index LESS 0 OR x_index GREATER 16 OR
+     y_index LESS 0 OR y_index GREATER 16 OR
+     z_index LESS 0 OR z_index GREATER 29)
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "g-voxel coordinate outside the expected pawn grid: ${line}")
+  endif()
+  set("voxel_${x_index}_${y_index}_${z_index}" 255)
+endforeach()
+
+set(volume_text "")
+foreach(z_index RANGE 0 29)
+  foreach(y_index RANGE 0 16)
+    foreach(x_index RANGE 0 16)
+      if(DEFINED voxel_${x_index}_${y_index}_${z_index})
+        set(sample ff)
+      else()
+        set(sample 00)
+      endif()
+      string(APPEND volume_text "${sample}\n")
+    endforeach()
+  endforeach()
+endforeach()
+file(WRITE "${VOLUME_ASCII}" "${volume_text}")
+
+execute_process(
+  COMMAND "${ASC2PIX}"
+  WORKING_DIRECTORY "${WORKDIR}"
+  TIMEOUT ${RENDER_TIMEOUT}
+  INPUT_FILE "${VOLUME_ASCII}"
+  OUTPUT_FILE "${VOLUME_FILE}"
+  RESULT_VARIABLE asc2pix_result
+  ERROR_VARIABLE asc2pix_error
+)
+if(NOT asc2pix_result EQUAL 0)
+  message(FATAL_ERROR "asc2pix failed (exit ${asc2pix_result})\n${asc2pix_error}")
+endif()
+file(SIZE "${VOLUME_FILE}" volume_size)
+if(NOT volume_size EQUAL 8670)
+  message(FATAL_ERROR "VOL sidecar is ${volume_size} bytes; expected 8670")
+endif()
+message(STATUS "Encoded ${occupied_voxels} occupied VOL cells")
+
+# Wrap single primitives in regions so every shaded comparison uses the same
+# material.  The polygonal tree repeats the original CSG union hierarchy with
+# BoT leaves.  VOL references a sidecar basename resolved beside the database.
+file(WRITE "${MGED_SCRIPT}" [=[
+db put comparison.brep_evaluated.r comb region yes id 1010 los 100 GIFTmater 1 rgb {235 190 90} shader {plastic} tree {l comparison.brep_evaluated.s}
+db put comparison.nmg.r comb region yes id 1020 los 100 GIFTmater 1 rgb {235 190 90} shader {plastic} tree {l comparison.nmg.s}
+db put comparison.bot.r comb region yes id 1030 los 100 GIFTmater 1 rgb {235 190 90} shader {plastic} tree {l comparison.bot.s}
+db put comparison.polygonal_boolean.r comb region yes id 1040 los 100 GIFTmater 1 rgb {235 190 90} shader {plastic} tree {u {u {u {l base.bot} {l base_bead.bot}} {u {l body.bot} {l stem.bot}}} {u {u {l collar.bot} {l neck.bot}} {l head.bot}}}
+attr set comparison.voxel_cells.r region R region_id 1050 material_id 1 los 100 shader plastic color 235/190/90
+db put comparison.point_cloud.r comb region yes id 1060 los 100 GIFTmater 1 rgb {235 190 90} shader {plastic} tree {l comparison.point_cloud.s}
+db put comparison.volume.s vol file {comparison.vol} name {comparison.vol} src f w 17 n 17 d 30 lo 1 hi 255 size {2 2 2} mat {1 0 0 -17 0 1 0 -17 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1}
+db put comparison.volume.r comb region yes id 1070 los 100 GIFTmater 1 rgb {235 190 90} shader {plastic} tree {l comparison.volume.s}
+q
+]=])
+
+execute_process(
+  COMMAND "${MGED}" --no-rc -c "${PAWN_DB}"
+  WORKING_DIRECTORY "${WORKDIR}"
+  TIMEOUT ${RENDER_TIMEOUT}
+  INPUT_FILE "${MGED_SCRIPT}"
+  RESULT_VARIABLE assemble_result
+  OUTPUT_VARIABLE assemble_stdout
+  ERROR_VARIABLE assemble_stderr
+)
+if(NOT assemble_result EQUAL 0)
+  message(
+    FATAL_ERROR
+    "Assembling comparison regions failed (exit ${assemble_result})\n${assemble_stdout}${assemble_stderr}"
+  )
+endif()
+
+file(WRITE "${VIEW_SCRIPT}" "viewsize 8.000000000000000e+01;\n")
+file(APPEND "${VIEW_SCRIPT}" "orientation 2.480970000000000e-01 4.765910000000000e-01 7.480970000000000e-01 3.894350000000000e-01;\n")
+file(APPEND "${VIEW_SCRIPT}" "eye_pt 4.199070000000000e+01 2.940060000000000e+01 5.329140000000000e+01;\n")
+file(APPEND "${VIEW_SCRIPT}" "start 0; clean;\n")
+file(APPEND "${VIEW_SCRIPT}" "end;\n")
+
+function(copy_snapshot local_image)
+  if(NOT EXISTS "${local_image}")
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "Expected image was not created: ${local_image}")
+  endif()
+  file(SIZE "${local_image}" image_size)
+  if(image_size EQUAL 0)
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "Rendered image is empty: ${local_image}")
+  endif()
+  file(COPY "${local_image}" DESTINATION "${IMGDIR}")
+  get_filename_component(image_name "${local_image}" NAME)
+  file(
+    CHMOD "${IMGDIR}/${image_name}"
+    PERMISSIONS OWNER_READ OWNER_WRITE GROUP_READ WORLD_READ
+  )
+endfunction()
+
+function(render_snapshot name object)
+  set(filename "solid_rep_${name}.png")
+  set(local_image "${WORKDIR}/${filename}")
+  file(REMOVE "${local_image}")
+  execute_process(
+    COMMAND "${RT}" -B -M -W "-s${SIZE}" -P1 -o "${filename}" "${PAWN_DB}" "${object}"
+    WORKING_DIRECTORY "${WORKDIR}"
+    TIMEOUT ${RENDER_TIMEOUT}
+    INPUT_FILE "${VIEW_SCRIPT}"
+    RESULT_VARIABLE render_result
+    OUTPUT_VARIABLE render_stdout
+    ERROR_VARIABLE render_stderr
+  )
+  if(NOT render_result EQUAL 0)
+    message(
+      FATAL_ERROR
+      "Rendering ${name} failed (exit ${render_result})\n${render_stdout}${render_stderr}"
+    )
+  endif()
+  copy_snapshot("${local_image}")
+  message(STATUS "Rendered ${filename}")
+endfunction()
+
+render_snapshot(csg comparison.csg.r)
+render_snapshot(brep_boolean comparison.csg.r.brep)
+render_snapshot(brep_evaluated comparison.brep_evaluated.r)
+render_snapshot(polygonal_boolean comparison.polygonal_boolean.r)
+render_snapshot(nmg comparison.nmg.r)
+render_snapshot(bot comparison.bot.r)
+render_snapshot(revolve comparison.revolve.r)
+render_snapshot(voxel_cells comparison.voxel_cells.r)
+render_snapshot(volume comparison.volume.r)
+render_snapshot(point_cloud comparison.point_cloud.r)
+
+# MGED exports its current wireframe display as view-plane plot3.  Rasterize
+# that plot through a disk framebuffer so regeneration needs no display.
+set(WIREFRAME_PLOT "${WORKDIR}/solid_rep_wireframe.plot3")
+set(WIREFRAME_PNG "${WORKDIR}/solid_rep_wireframe.png")
+set(WIREFRAME_FB_NAME "solid_rep_wireframe.fb")
+set(WIREFRAME_SCRIPT "${WORKDIR}/wireframe.tcl")
+file(REMOVE "${WIREFRAME_PLOT}" "${WORKDIR}/${WIREFRAME_FB_NAME}" "${WIREFRAME_PNG}")
+file(WRITE "${WIREFRAME_SCRIPT}" [=[
+draw comparison.csg.r
+size 80
+orientation 0.248097 0.476591 0.748097 0.389435
+eye_pt 41.9907 29.4006 53.2914
+plot -2d solid_rep_wireframe.plot3
+q
+]=])
+execute_process(
+  COMMAND "${MGED}" --no-rc -c "${PAWN_DB}"
+  WORKING_DIRECTORY "${WORKDIR}"
+  TIMEOUT ${RENDER_TIMEOUT}
+  INPUT_FILE "${WIREFRAME_SCRIPT}"
+  RESULT_VARIABLE wireframe_result
+  OUTPUT_VARIABLE wireframe_stdout
+  ERROR_VARIABLE wireframe_stderr
+)
+if(NOT wireframe_result EQUAL 0 OR NOT EXISTS "${WIREFRAME_PLOT}")
+  message(
+    FATAL_ERROR
+    "MGED wireframe export failed (exit ${wireframe_result})\n${wireframe_stdout}${wireframe_stderr}"
+  )
+endif()
+message(STATUS "Exported wireframe plot")
+run_process(
+  "Cleared wireframe framebuffer"
+  "${FBCLEAR}" -c -F "${WIREFRAME_FB_NAME}" -w "${SIZE}" -n "${SIZE}" 24 24 24
+)
+execute_process(
+  COMMAND "${PLOT3FB}" -F "${WIREFRAME_FB_NAME}" -o -w "${SIZE}" -n "${SIZE}"
+  WORKING_DIRECTORY "${WORKDIR}"
+  TIMEOUT ${RENDER_TIMEOUT}
+  INPUT_FILE "${WIREFRAME_PLOT}"
+  RESULT_VARIABLE plot_result
+  OUTPUT_VARIABLE plot_stdout
+  ERROR_VARIABLE plot_stderr
+)
+if(NOT plot_result EQUAL 0)
+  message(FATAL_ERROR "plot3-fb failed (exit ${plot_result})\n${plot_stdout}${plot_stderr}")
+endif()
+run_process(
+  "Rasterized wireframe snapshot"
+  "${FBPNG}" -F "${WIREFRAME_FB_NAME}" -w "${SIZE}" -n "${SIZE}"
+  "solid_rep_wireframe.png"
+)
+copy_snapshot("${WIREFRAME_PNG}")
+
+message(STATUS "Solid representation comparison: 11 snapshots regenerated")
@@ -22,4 +22,5 @@ Task-focused guides and how-to articles.
 * link:articles/procedural_geometry.html[BRL-CAD Procedural Geometry Gallery]
 * link:articles/projection_shader.html[Using the Projection Shader]
 * link:articles/renderer_showcase.html[BRL-CAD Renderer Showcase]
+* link:articles/solid_geometry_comparison.html[Solid Geometry Representation Comparisons]
 * link:articles/tire.html[Vehicle Tire and Wheel Creation in BRL-CAD]
@@ -1 +1 @@
-45
+47
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 # SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

 include(CMakeParseArguments)
+include("${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/BRLCAD_Repository.cmake")

 # Try to locate a usable git executable. On Windows, Visual Studio may
 # provide git in non-standard locations; try common Program Files and
@@ -88,6 +89,15 @@ function(brlcad_bext_init BEXT_SHA1)
    set(BRLCAD_EXT_DIR "${BRLCAD_EXT_DIR_ENV}")
  endif(BRLCAD_EXT_DIR_ENV AND NOT DEFINED BRLCAD_EXT_DIR)

+  # Resolve paths before probing them so later subconfigures use the same
+  # directories even when launched from a different working directory.
+  foreach(_brlcad_ext_path_var BRLCAD_EXT_DIR BRLCAD_EXT_SOURCE_DIR)
+    if(DEFINED ${_brlcad_ext_path_var} AND NOT "${${_brlcad_ext_path_var}}" STREQUAL "")
+      get_filename_component(${_brlcad_ext_path_var} "${${_brlcad_ext_path_var}}" ABSOLUTE BASE_DIR "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}")
+      set(${_brlcad_ext_path_var} "${${_brlcad_ext_path_var}}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+    endif()
+  endforeach()
+
  set(_brlcad_ext_dir_specified FALSE)
  set(_brlcad_ext_dir_managed FALSE)

@@ -148,14 +158,14 @@ function(brlcad_bext_init BEXT_SHA1)
    elseif(NOT _brlcad_ext_dir_specified)
      message(
 	WARNING
-	"External dependencies will be downloaded, configured, and built automatically as-needed. Set BRLCAD_EXT_DIR to specify instead."
+	"External dependencies will be acquired from ${_BRLCAD_REPOSITORY_ROOT}, configured, and built automatically as-needed. Set BRLCAD_EXT_DIR to specify instead."
 	)
    endif()
    message(
      STATUS
      "BRLCAD_EXT_DIR specifies prebuilt external dependencies directory\n"
      "containing 'install' and 'noinstall' folders, outputs from installing\n"
-      "https://github.com/BRL-CAD/bext.\n"
+      "${_BRLCAD_BEXT_REPOSITORY}.\n"
    )
  endif(NOT BRLCAD_EXT_NOINSTALL_DIR OR NOT BRLCAD_EXT_INSTALL_DIR)

@@ -211,28 +221,24 @@ function(brlcad_rel_version BRLCAD_REL)
  set(${BRLCAD_REL} "rel-${VMAJOR}-${VMINOR}-${VPATCH}" PARENT_SCOPE)
 endfunction()

-# Look up branch or tag SHA1 hashes from primary github.com repo
+# Branch/tag queries are advisory; an unavailable source cannot validate them.
 function(remote_sha1 SHA1_VAR BRANCH)
+  set(${SHA1_VAR} "" PARENT_SCOPE)
  if(NOT GIT_EXEC)
-    set(${SHA1_VAR} "" PARENT_SCOPE)
    return()
  endif()
-  # This needs a working internet connection to succeed (and GitHub
-  # must be up and working as well.)
+  brlcad_repository_git_command(git_command)
  execute_process(
-    COMMAND ${GIT_EXEC} ls-remote https://github.com/BRL-CAD/bext.git ${BRANCH}
-    WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}
-    RESULT_VARIABLE LS_REMOTE_STATUS
-    OUTPUT_VARIABLE LS_REMOTE_STR
-    ERROR_VARIABLE LS_REMOTE_STR
-    )
-  if(NOT LS_REMOTE_STATUS AND LS_REMOTE_STR)
-    string(REPLACE " " ";" LS_REMOTE_STR "${LS_REMOTE_STR}")
-    string(REPLACE "\t" ";" LS_REMOTE_STR "${LS_REMOTE_STR}")
-    list(GET LS_REMOTE_STR 0 REMOTE_SHA1)
-    set(${SHA1_VAR} "${REMOTE_SHA1}" PARENT_SCOPE)
-  else()
-    set(${SHA1_VAR} "" PARENT_SCOPE)
+    COMMAND "${CMAKE_COMMAND}" -E env GIT_TERMINAL_PROMPT=0 --
+      ${git_command} -c credential.helper= -c credential.interactive=false
+      ls-remote "${_BRLCAD_BEXT_REPOSITORY}" "${BRANCH}"
+    WORKING_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}"
+    RESULT_VARIABLE git_result
+    OUTPUT_VARIABLE remote_refs
+    ERROR_QUIET
+  )
+  if(git_result STREQUAL "0" AND remote_refs MATCHES "^([0-9a-f]+)[ \t]")
+    set(${SHA1_VAR} "${CMAKE_MATCH_1}" PARENT_SCOPE)
  endif()
 endfunction()

@@ -367,24 +373,29 @@ function(setup_bext_dir)
    # no pre-existing sources, so we're cloning into the build dir
    set(BRLCAD_EXT_SOURCE_DIR "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/bext")

-    # Write current SHA1 for subsequent processing
+    brlcad_repository_git_command(git_command)
+    message(STATUS "Cloning bext from ${_BRLCAD_BEXT_REPOSITORY}")
+    execute_process(
+      COMMAND ${git_command} clone "${_BRLCAD_BEXT_REPOSITORY}" "${BRLCAD_EXT_SOURCE_DIR}"
+      WORKING_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}"
+      RESULT_VARIABLE git_result
+    )
+    if(NOT git_result STREQUAL "0")
+      message(FATAL_ERROR "Unable to clone bext from ${_BRLCAD_BEXT_REPOSITORY} (${git_result})")
+    endif()
+    execute_process(
+      COMMAND ${git_command} -c advice.detachedHead=false checkout "${BEXT_SHA1}"
+      WORKING_DIRECTORY "${BRLCAD_EXT_SOURCE_DIR}"
+      RESULT_VARIABLE git_result
+    )
+    if(NOT git_result STREQUAL "0")
+      message(FATAL_ERROR "Unable to check out pinned bext commit ${BEXT_SHA1} from ${_BRLCAD_BEXT_REPOSITORY} (${git_result}); ensure the repository contains this commit")
+    endif()
+
+    # Record the pin only after checkout succeeds.
    file(WRITE "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/bext.sha1" "${BEXT_SHA1}")
    distclean("${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/bext.sha1")

-    # Clone
-    message("BRL-CAD bext clone command: ${GIT_EXEC} clone https://github.com/BRL-CAD/bext.git")
-    execute_process(
-      COMMAND ${GIT_EXEC} clone https://github.com/BRL-CAD/bext.git
-      WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}
-      COMMAND_ERROR_IS_FATAL ANY
-    )
-    message("BRL-CAD bext checkout command: ${GIT_EXEC} -c advice.detachedHead=false checkout ${BEXT_SHA1}")
-    execute_process(
-      COMMAND ${GIT_EXEC} -c advice.detachedHead=false checkout ${BEXT_SHA1}
-      WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/bext
-      COMMAND_ERROR_IS_FATAL ANY
-    )
-
    # Configure process will need to clean up bext
    if (BRLCAD_BEXT_CLEANUP)
      set(BEXT_SRC_CLEANUP TRUE PARENT_SCOPE)
@@ -425,6 +436,12 @@ function(brlcad_ext_setup)
    message(FATAL_ERROR "Invalid bext directory: ${BRLCAD_EXT_SOURCE_DIR}")
  endif()

+  if(NOT _BRLCAD_REPOSITORY_ROOT STREQUAL "${_BRLCAD_REPOSITORY_DEFAULT_ROOT}/"
+      AND NOT EXISTS "${BRLCAD_EXT_SOURCE_DIR}/CMake/BextGit.cmake")
+    message(FATAL_ERROR
+      "bext sources in ${BRLCAD_EXT_SOURCE_DIR} do not support BEXT_REPOSITORY_ROOT; update bext before building with BRLCAD_REPOSITORY_ROOT=${BRLCAD_REPOSITORY_ROOT}")
+  endif()
+
  # We do allow the user to specify a build dir to be reused, however
  # this is unpredictable and may cause unexpected results depending
  # on what is or isn't rebuilt - use with care.
@@ -463,11 +480,18 @@ function(brlcad_ext_setup)
  endif(BRLCAD_ENABLE_APPLESEED)

  # Define CMake arguments we'll need regardless of mode
+  set(bext_shallow_clone ON)
+  if(_BRLCAD_REPOSITORY_LOCAL)
+    set(bext_shallow_clone OFF)
+  endif()
  set(CMAKE_CMD_ARGS
-    -S ${BRLCAD_EXT_SOURCE_DIR} -B ${BRLCAD_EXT_BUILD_DIR} -DGIT_SHALLOW_CLONE=ON
-    -DENABLE_ALL=${BEXT_ENABLE_ALL} -DUSE_GDAL=${BEXT_USE_GDAL} -DUSE_QT=${BEXT_USE_QT} -DUSE_TCL=${BEXT_USE_TCL}
-    -DUSE_APPLESEED=${BEXT_USE_APPLESEED} -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}
-    -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=${BRLCAD_EXT_INSTALL_DIR}
+    -S "${BRLCAD_EXT_SOURCE_DIR}" -B "${BRLCAD_EXT_BUILD_DIR}"
+    "-DBEXT_REPOSITORY_ROOT:STRING=${_BRLCAD_REPOSITORY_ROOT}"
+    "-DGIT_SHALLOW_CLONE:BOOL=${bext_shallow_clone}"
+    "-DENABLE_ALL=${BEXT_ENABLE_ALL}" "-DUSE_GDAL=${BEXT_USE_GDAL}"
+    "-DUSE_QT=${BEXT_USE_QT}" "-DUSE_TCL=${BEXT_USE_TCL}"
+    "-DUSE_APPLESEED=${BEXT_USE_APPLESEED}" "-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}"
+    "-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=${BRLCAD_EXT_INSTALL_DIR}"
    )
  if(BRLCAD_X11_PROVIDER_RESOLVED STREQUAL "XMIN" AND BRLCAD_XMIN_ROOT)
    list(APPEND CMAKE_CMD_ARGS
@@ -1108,9 +1108,9 @@ function(brlcad_install_strclear_replace stamp_dir strclear source install_file
  endif()
 endfunction()

-function(brlcad_install_binary_postprocess stamp_dir strclear source install_file install_type mode rpath_tool install_rpath build_lib_path rel_rpath use_selective_rpath verbose)
+function(brlcad_install_binary_postprocess stamp_dir strclear source install_file install_type mode rpath_tool install_rpath build_lib_path rel_rpath verbose)
  set(_brlcad_physical_file "$ENV{DESTDIR}${install_file}")
-  set(_brlcad_signature "binary-postprocess|${install_type}|${mode}|${rpath_tool}|${install_rpath}|${build_lib_path}|${rel_rpath}|${use_selective_rpath}|${strclear}")
+  set(_brlcad_signature "binary-postprocess|${install_type}|${mode}|${rpath_tool}|${install_rpath}|${build_lib_path}|${rel_rpath}|${strclear}")
  _brlcad_postprocess_needed(_brlcad_needed "${stamp_dir}" "${source}" "${_brlcad_physical_file}" "${_brlcad_signature}")
  if(NOT _brlcad_needed)
    return()
@@ -1121,32 +1121,41 @@ function(brlcad_install_binary_postprocess stamp_dir strclear source install_fil
    message(FATAL_ERROR "Post-install copy did not create ${_brlcad_physical_file}")
  endif()
  set(_brlcad_result 0)
+  set(_brlcad_rpath_output)
+  set(_brlcad_rpath_error)
  if("${mode}" STREQUAL "RPATH_TOOL")
-    set(_brlcad_selective_rpath_args)
-    if(use_selective_rpath)
-      set(_brlcad_selective_rpath_args --set-rpath-if-needed --set-rpath-if-needed-prepend --stale-rpath-prefix "${build_lib_path}")
-    endif()
+    # Install the exact project-defined search order.  A selective update can
+    # leave an existing relative-only RPATH without the canonical install path.
    execute_process(
-      COMMAND "${rpath_tool}" --set-rpath "${install_rpath}" ${_brlcad_selective_rpath_args} "${_brlcad_physical_file}"
+      COMMAND "${rpath_tool}" --set-rpath "${install_rpath}" "${_brlcad_physical_file}"
      RESULT_VARIABLE _brlcad_result
+      OUTPUT_VARIABLE _brlcad_rpath_output
+      ERROR_VARIABLE _brlcad_rpath_error
    )
  elseif("${mode}" STREQUAL "APPLE")
    execute_process(
      COMMAND install_name_tool -delete_rpath "${build_lib_path}" "${_brlcad_physical_file}"
      RESULT_VARIABLE _brlcad_result
-      OUTPUT_VARIABLE _brlcad_output
-      ERROR_VARIABLE _brlcad_error
+      OUTPUT_VARIABLE _brlcad_rpath_output
+      ERROR_VARIABLE _brlcad_rpath_error
    )
    if(_brlcad_result EQUAL 0)
      execute_process(
        COMMAND install_name_tool -add_rpath "${rel_rpath}" "${_brlcad_physical_file}"
        RESULT_VARIABLE _brlcad_result
+        OUTPUT_VARIABLE _brlcad_rpath_output
+        ERROR_VARIABLE _brlcad_rpath_error
      )
    endif()
  endif()

  if(NOT _brlcad_result EQUAL 0)
-    message(WARNING "Post-install RPATH update failed for ${_brlcad_physical_file}")
+    message(
+      WARNING
+        "Post-install RPATH update failed for ${_brlcad_physical_file}\n"
+        "stdout: ${_brlcad_rpath_output}\n"
+        "stderr: ${_brlcad_rpath_error}"
+    )
    return()
  endif()

@@ -1840,13 +1849,9 @@ endfunction()
      elseif(APPLE)
        set(_brlcad_install_postprocess_mode "APPLE")
      endif(P_RPATH_EXECUTABLE)
-      set(_brlcad_install_use_selective_rpath FALSE)
-      if(P_RPATH_SUPPORTS_SET_IF_NEEDED_PREPEND)
-        set(_brlcad_install_use_selective_rpath TRUE)
-      endif(P_RPATH_SUPPORTS_SET_IF_NEEDED_PREPEND)
      install(
        CODE
-          "include(\"${BRLCAD_EXT_INSTALL_POSTPROCESS_SCRIPT}\")\nbrlcad_install_binary_postprocess(\"${BRLCAD_EXT_INSTALL_POSTPROCESS_STAMP_DIR}\" \"${STRCLEAR_EXECUTABLE}\" \"${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${tf}\" \"\${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/${tf}\" \"PROGRAM\" \"${_brlcad_install_postprocess_mode}\" \"${_brlcad_install_postprocess_tool}\" \"${_brlcad_install_postprocess_rpath}\" \"${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${LIB_DIR}\" \"${REL_RPATH}\" \"${_brlcad_install_use_selective_rpath}\" \"${BRLCAD_VERBOSE}\")"
+          "include(\"${BRLCAD_EXT_INSTALL_POSTPROCESS_SCRIPT}\")\nbrlcad_install_binary_postprocess(\"${BRLCAD_EXT_INSTALL_POSTPROCESS_STAMP_DIR}\" \"${STRCLEAR_EXECUTABLE}\" \"${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${tf}\" \"\${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/${tf}\" \"PROGRAM\" \"${_brlcad_install_postprocess_mode}\" \"${_brlcad_install_postprocess_tool}\" \"${_brlcad_install_postprocess_rpath}\" \"${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${LIB_DIR}\" \"${REL_RPATH}\" \"${BRLCAD_VERBOSE}\")"
      )
      continue()
    endif("${tf}" IN_LIST ALL_BINARY_FILES)
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026 United States Government as represented by
+# the U.S. Army Research Laboratory.
+#
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+# are met:
+#
+# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+#
+# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+# copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
+# disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
+# with the distribution.
+#
+# 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote
+# products derived from this software without specific prior written
+# permission.
+#
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS
+# OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+# WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+# ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+# DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+# DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
+# GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+# INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
+# WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
+# NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+# SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+include_guard(GLOBAL)
+
+set(_BRLCAD_REPOSITORY_DEFAULT_ROOT "https://github.com/BRL-CAD")
+set(BRLCAD_REPOSITORY_ROOT "${_BRLCAD_REPOSITORY_DEFAULT_ROOT}" CACHE STRING
+  "Repository URL or local mirror directory containing bext and its dependency repositories")
+
+function(brlcad_repository_root out_root out_local)
+  set(root "${BRLCAD_REPOSITORY_ROOT}")
+  set(local FALSE)
+  if(root STREQUAL "")
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "BRLCAD_REPOSITORY_ROOT must be a repository URL or local mirror directory")
+  endif()
+
+  # Match bext's URL handling, but resolve relative paths against BRL-CAD.
+  # Drive paths must be checked before scp-style SSH locations.
+  if(root MATCHES "^file://")
+    set(local TRUE)
+    string(REPLACE "=" "%3D" root "${root}")
+  elseif(root MATCHES "^[A-Za-z]:[/\\\\]" OR
+      NOT (root MATCHES "^[A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9+.-]*://" OR root MATCHES "^[^/]+:.+"))
+    set(local TRUE)
+    string(REPLACE "\\" "/" root "${root}")
+    if(WIN32 OR NOT root MATCHES "^[A-Za-z]:/")
+      get_filename_component(root "${root}" ABSOLUTE BASE_DIR "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}")
+    endif()
+    # Escape literal percent signs first so native paths cannot introduce
+    # URL escapes.  An equals sign also has meaning in Git's -c assignments.
+    string(REPLACE "%" "%25" root "${root}")
+    string(REPLACE " " "%20" root "${root}")
+    string(REPLACE "#" "%23" root "${root}")
+    string(REPLACE "?" "%3F" root "${root}")
+    string(REPLACE "=" "%3D" root "${root}")
+    if(root MATCHES "^[A-Za-z]:/")
+      set(root "file:///${root}")
+    elseif(root MATCHES "^//")
+      set(root "file:${root}")
+    else()
+      set(root "file://${root}")
+    endif()
+  endif()
+
+  if(NOT root MATCHES "^file:///*$")
+    string(REGEX REPLACE "/+$" "" root "${root}")
+    string(APPEND root "/")
+  else()
+    set(root "file:///")
+  endif()
+  set(${out_root} "${root}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+  set(${out_local} "${local}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function(brlcad_repository_git_command out_command)
+  set(git_command "${GIT_EXEC}")
+  if(WIN32)
+    list(APPEND git_command -c core.longpaths=true)
+  endif()
+  if(_BRLCAD_REPOSITORY_LOCAL)
+    list(APPEND git_command -c protocol.file.allow=always)
+    # This also constrains recursive Git processes and user URL rewrites.
+    list(PREPEND git_command "${CMAKE_COMMAND}" -E env GIT_ALLOW_PROTOCOL=file --)
+  endif()
+  set(${out_command} "${git_command}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+brlcad_repository_root(_BRLCAD_REPOSITORY_ROOT _BRLCAD_REPOSITORY_LOCAL)
+set(_BRLCAD_BEXT_REPOSITORY "${_BRLCAD_REPOSITORY_ROOT}bext.git")
+message(STATUS "BRL-CAD repository root: ${_BRLCAD_REPOSITORY_ROOT}")
+if(_BRLCAD_REPOSITORY_LOCAL)
+  message(STATUS "BRL-CAD Git acquisition: file transport only")
+endif()
+
+# Local Variables:
+# tab-width: 8
+# mode: cmake
+# indent-tabs-mode: t
+# End:
+# ex: shiftwidth=2 tabstop=8
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ set(
  BRLCAD_Options.cmake
  BRLCAD_Probe_Validation.cmake
  BRLCAD_Regress_Util.cmake
+  BRLCAD_Repository.cmake
  BRLCAD_Summary.cmake
  BRLCAD_Targets.cmake
  BRLCAD_Test_Wrappers.cmake
@@ -95,6 +95,33 @@ add_custom_target(
 )
 set_target_properties(distcheck-source_archives PROPERTIES FOLDER "BRL-CAD Distribution Checking")

+# Dependency paths must survive CMake, build-tool, and shell parsing.  Load
+# their values from a cache file rather than embedding them in command text.
+set(distcheck_dependency_cache "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/CMakeTmp/distcheck_dependencies.cmake")
+set(distcheck_dependency_vars BRLCAD_REPOSITORY_ROOT BRLCAD_EXT_DIR)
+foreach(distcheck_optional_var BRLCAD_EXT_SOURCE_DIR BRLCAD_EXT_PARALLEL)
+  if(DEFINED ${distcheck_optional_var})
+    list(APPEND distcheck_dependency_vars ${distcheck_optional_var})
+  endif()
+endforeach()
+file(WRITE "${distcheck_dependency_cache}" "")
+foreach(distcheck_var IN LISTS distcheck_dependency_vars)
+  set(distcheck_value "${${distcheck_var}}")
+  if(distcheck_var STREQUAL "BRLCAD_REPOSITORY_ROOT")
+    set(distcheck_value "${_BRLCAD_REPOSITORY_ROOT}")
+  endif()
+  set(distcheck_type STRING)
+  if(distcheck_var MATCHES "_DIR$")
+    set(distcheck_type PATH)
+  endif()
+  string(REPLACE "\\" "\\\\" distcheck_value "${distcheck_value}")
+  string(REPLACE "\"" "\\\"" distcheck_value "${distcheck_value}")
+  string(REPLACE "$" "\\$" distcheck_value "${distcheck_value}")
+  file(APPEND "${distcheck_dependency_cache}"
+    "set(${distcheck_var} \"${distcheck_value}\" CACHE ${distcheck_type} \"Inherited dependency setting\" FORCE)\n")
+endforeach()
+distclean("${distcheck_dependency_cache}")
+
 # Utility function for defining individual distcheck targets
 macro(
  create_distcheck
@@ -120,7 +147,10 @@ macro(

    # Need to set these locally so configure_file will pick them up...
    set(TARGET_SUFFIX ${TARGET_SUFFIX})
-    set(CMAKE_OPTS ${CMAKE_OPTS_IN})
+    # Keep machine-specific settings out of the options saved for CI above.
+    # The shared cache replaces each variant's unquoted output argument.
+    string(REPLACE "-DBRLCAD_EXT_DIR=${BRLCAD_EXT_DIR}" "" CMAKE_OPTS "${CMAKE_OPTS_IN}")
+    string(APPEND CMAKE_OPTS " -C \"${distcheck_dependency_cache}\"")

    # For configure_file, need to set these as variables not just input parameters
    set(source_dir "${source_dir}")
@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+brlcad (7.46.0-0) unstable; urgency=low
+
+  * update brlcad version
+
+ -- Cliff Yapp <cyapp@brlcad.org>  Thu, 07 Oct 2026 20:24:00 +0000
+
 brlcad (7.44.0-0) unstable; urgency=low

  * update brlcad version
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 \f0\i\b\fs72 \cf0 README
 \fs36 \

-\f1\i0\b0\fs28 This is BRL-CAD 7.44.0 for Mac OS X.  Please send any bugs, comments, questions, or suggestions to the project website.\
+\f1\i0\b0\fs28 This is BRL-CAD 7.46.0 for Mac OS X.  Please send any bugs, comments, questions, or suggestions to the project website.\

 \fs22 \

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 \margl1440\margr1440\vieww8020\viewh6280\viewkind0
 \pard\tx560\tx1120\tx1680\tx2240\tx2800\tx3360\tx3920\tx4480\tx5040\tx5600\tx6160\tx6720\ql\qnatural

-\f0\fs22 \cf0 This installer will guide you through the installation of BRL-CAD 7.44.0 for Mac OS X and Darwin.\
+\f0\fs22 \cf0 This installer will guide you through the installation of BRL-CAD 7.46.0 for Mac OS X and Darwin.\
 \
 This distribution of BRL-CAD requires approximately 500 MB of available disk space and does not include source code.\
 \
@@ -79,7 +79,9 @@ endif(NOT EXISTS \"\${GCV_EXEC}\")\n"
  # setup conversion tests
  foreach(in_file ${INPUT_FILES})
    get_filename_component(curr_in_basename ${in_file} NAME_WLE)
-    set(out_path "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/conv-${curr_in_basename}")
+    # Tests in the same directory may run concurrently, so their output paths
+    # must not overlap.
+    set(out_path "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/conv-${TARGET_DIRECTION}-${curr_in_basename}")

    # need to split suffix so we can distinguish from different converters
    if(${fmt}_EXPORTER)
@@ -120,7 +122,7 @@ endif(NOT EXISTS \"\${GCV_EXEC}\")\n"
        )
      endif(${fmt}_GCV_OPTIONS)

-      set(out_distclean ${out_distclean}} "${out_path}-${out_fmt}${out_suffix}")
+      set(out_distclean ${out_distclean} "${out_path}-${out_fmt}${out_suffix}")
      set(expected_output_files "${expected_output_files} \"${out_path}-${out_fmt}${out_suffix}\"")
    endforeach(out_fmt ${${fmt}_CONVERTERS})

@@ -162,19 +164,8 @@ execute_process(

 file(APPEND \"\${LOGFILE}\" \"\${log_msg}\\n\")
 unset(log_msg)
-  "
-    )

-    set(OUTPUT_FILES ${OUTPUT_FILES} ${out_distclean})
-    unset(expected_output_files)
-    unset(out_distclean)
-  endforeach(in_file ${INPUT_FILES})
-
-  file(
-    APPEND
-    ${cmake_in_path}
-    "
-# check output files exists and are a reasonable size
+# check output files exist and are a reasonable size
 foreach(out_file \${ofiles})
  if(NOT EXISTS \"\${out_file}\")
    file(APPEND \"\${LOGFILE}\" \"FAILURE: \${curr_result}, \${out_file} not found.\")
@@ -191,13 +182,18 @@ foreach(out_file \${ofiles})
      file(APPEND \"\${LOGFILE}\" \"FAILURE: \${curr_result} file size is \${file_size} for \${out_file}\\n    Expecting ${EXPECTED_FILE_SIZE} with delta ${FILE_SIZE_DELTA}\")
      message(FATAL_ERROR \"[gcv] Failure while converting ${in_file}, see \${LOGFILE} for more info.\")
    endif(\"\${size_delta}\" GREATER \"${FILE_SIZE_DELTA}\")
-  endif(NOT EXISTS \"\${out_file}\")\n
+  endif(NOT EXISTS \"\${out_file}\")

  # cleanup file from build dir
  file(REMOVE \"\${out_file}\")
 endforeach(out_file \${ofiles})
-    "
-  )
+  "
+    )
+
+    set(OUTPUT_FILES ${OUTPUT_FILES} ${out_distclean})
+    unset(expected_output_files)
+    unset(out_distclean)
+  endforeach(in_file ${INPUT_FILES})

  # assume the fmt is the gcv dependency unless specified
  if(${fmt}_DEPS)
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ if(TARGET gcv-assetimport)
  gcv_regress_util("gltf" "tetra-gltf2.0.gltf;tetra-glb2.0.glb" DEPS "gcv;gcv-assetimport" GCV_OPTIONS "--input-format=assetimport")
  gcv_regress_util("glb" "tetra.g" DEPS "gcv;gcv-assetimport" GCV_OPTIONS "--output-format=assetimport" EXPECTED_FILE_SIZE "1476" EXPORTER)
  gcv_regress_util("gltf" "tetra.g" DEPS "gcv;gcv-assetimport" GCV_OPTIONS "--output-format=assetimport" EXPECTED_FILE_SIZE "3356" EXPORTER)
-  distclean("${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/conv-tetra.bin")
+  distclean("${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/conv-regress-g-gltf-tetra.bin")
 endif(TARGET gcv-assetimport)

 if(TARGET gcv-gltf)
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 if(TARGET gcv-assetimport)
  set(dep_str DEPS "gcv;gcv-obj;gcv-assetimport" CONVERTERS "assetimport")

-  distclean("${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/conv-tetra-assetimport.mtl") # hard to track companion files
+  distclean("${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/conv-regress-g-obj-tetra-assetimport.mtl") # hard to track companion files
 else()
  set(dep_str "")
 endif(TARGET gcv-assetimport)
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ endif(TARGET gcv-assetimport)
 gcv_regress_util("obj" "tetra.obj" ${dep_str})
 gcv_regress_util("obj_unnamed_group" "tetra-unnamed-group.obj" DEPS "gcv;gcv-obj")
 gcv_regress_util("obj" "tetra.g" ${dep_str} EXPORTER)
-distclean("${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/conv-tetra.mtl")
+distclean("${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/conv-regress-g-obj-tetra.mtl")

 cmakefiles(
  CMakeLists.txt
@@ -144,6 +144,18 @@ if(BRLCAD_X11_PROVIDER_RESOLVED STREQUAL "XMIN" AND
      )
      brlcad_regression_test(regress-archer-embedded-xmin-gui
        "archer;bwish" STAND_ALONE TEST_DEFINED)
+
+      brlcad_add_gui_test(
+        NAME regress-archer-geometry-xmin-gui
+        TIMEOUT 120
+        ENVIRONMENT ${_gui_smoke_environment}
+          "GUI_TEST_LIBRARY=${_gui_test_library}"
+        COMMAND "${SH_EXEC}" "${_gui_tcl_runner}" archer-geometry
+          $<TARGET_FILE:bwish>
+          "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/archer_geometry_xmin_gui.tcl"
+      )
+      brlcad_regression_test(regress-archer-geometry-xmin-gui
+        "archer;bwish" STAND_ALONE TEST_DEFINED)
    endif()
  endif()

@@ -201,6 +213,7 @@ cmakefiles(
  archer_action.sh
  archer_smoke.sh
  archer_embedded_xmin_gui.tcl
+  archer_geometry_xmin_gui.tcl
  archer_menu_manifest.txt
  archer_xmin_gui.tcl
  qged_action.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+#    A R C H E R _ G E O M E T R Y _ X M I N _ G U I . T C L
+# BRL-CAD
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2026 United States Government as represented by
+# the U.S. Army Research Laboratory.
+#
+# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+# version 2.1 as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+#
+# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+# License along with this file; see the file named COPYING for more
+# information.
+#
+###
+if {![info exists ::env(GUI_TEST_LIBRARY)]} {
+    puts stderr "GUI_TEST_LIBRARY is required"
+    exit 2
+}
+source $::env(GUI_TEST_LIBRARY)
+set ::env(ARCHER_PREFS_FILE) [file join $::env(GUI_TEST_DIR) .archerrc]
+
+proc archer_geometry_preferences {{geometry ""}} {
+    set channel [open $::env(ARCHER_PREFS_FILE) w]
+    if {$geometry ne ""} {
+	puts $channel [list set mWindowGeometry $geometry]
+    }
+    close $channel
+}
+
+proc archer_geometry_saved {} {
+    set channel [open $::env(ARCHER_PREFS_FILE) r]
+    set contents [read $channel]
+    close $channel
+    if {[regexp -line {^set mWindowGeometry (.+)$} $contents -> geometry]} {
+	return $geometry
+    }
+    return ""
+}
+
+proc archer_geometry_settle {} {
+    # Allow MapNotify and the deferred geometry restore to reach the event loop.
+    set settle_delay_ms 100
+    after $settle_delay_ms [list set ::archer_geometry_settled 1]
+    vwait ::archer_geometry_settled
+    update
+    ::gui::test::require_no_background_errors
+}
+
+if {[catch {
+    package require Archer 1.0
+    ::gui::test::capture_background_errors
+    wm withdraw .
+
+    set saved_geometry 900x650+120+90
+    set startup_geometry 1000x700+20+30
+    set updated_geometry 950x680+60+70
+    set default_geometry 920x660+40+50
+
+    archer_geometry_preferences $saved_geometry
+    Archer .unmapped
+    ::gui::test::require {[wm state .unmapped] eq "withdrawn"} \
+	"startup fixture unexpectedly showed its window"
+    ::itcl::delete object .unmapped
+    archer_geometry_settle
+    ::gui::test::require {[archer_geometry_saved] eq $saved_geometry} \
+	"closing an unmapped Archer replaced its saved geometry"
+
+    archer_geometry_preferences
+    Archer .unmapped_new
+    ::itcl::delete object .unmapped_new
+    archer_geometry_settle
+    ::gui::test::require {[archer_geometry_saved] eq ""} \
+	"closing an unmapped Archer saved an unfinished layout size"
+
+    archer_geometry_preferences $saved_geometry
+    Archer .restore
+    .restore configure -geometry $startup_geometry
+    wm geometry .restore $startup_geometry
+    event generate [.restore component hpane] <Map>
+    archer_geometry_settle
+    ::gui::test::require {[wm geometry .restore] eq $startup_geometry} \
+	"a child Map event restored the main window's geometry prematurely"
+
+    wm deiconify .restore
+    archer_geometry_settle
+    ::gui::test::require {[wm geometry .restore] eq $saved_geometry} \
+	"mapping the main window did not restore its saved geometry"
+
+    wm geometry .restore $updated_geometry
+    event generate [.restore component hpane] <Map>
+    archer_geometry_settle
+    ::gui::test::require {[wm geometry .restore] eq $updated_geometry} \
+	"a later child Map event reset the resized main window"
+    wm withdraw .restore
+    ::itcl::delete object .restore
+    archer_geometry_settle
+    ::gui::test::require {[archer_geometry_saved] eq $updated_geometry} \
+	"closing a previously mapped window did not save its latest geometry"
+
+    archer_geometry_preferences
+    Archer .default
+    wm geometry .default $default_geometry
+    wm deiconify .default
+    archer_geometry_settle
+    ::gui::test::require {[wm geometry .default] eq $default_geometry} \
+	"an empty geometry option reset the window to its layout size"
+    wm withdraw .default
+    ::itcl::delete object .default
+    archer_geometry_settle
+} message options]} {
+    puts stderr $message
+    if {[dict exists $options -errorinfo]} {
+	puts stderr [dict get $options -errorinfo]
+    }
+    puts "FAIL: Archer window geometry regression"
+    exit 1
+}
+
+puts "PASS: Archer window geometry restoration and startup cancellation"
+exit 0
+
+# Local Variables:
+# tab-width: 8
+# mode: Tcl
+# tcl-indent-level: 4
+# indent-tabs-mode: t
+# End:
+# ex: shiftwidth=4 tabstop=8
@@ -72,17 +72,15 @@ set(archer_wizard_FILES
 )

 if(BRLCAD_ENABLE_TCL)
-  brlcad_adddata(archer_utility_FILES plugins/archer/Utility)
-  brlcad_adddata(archer_wizard_FILES plugins/archer/Wizards)
+  # Archer scans only the plugin category directories for registration scripts.
+  # Keep class definitions in their subdirectories so they are not sourced twice.
+  foreach(plugin_file IN LISTS archer_utility_FILES archer_wizard_FILES)
+    get_filename_component(plugin_dir "${plugin_file}" DIRECTORY)
+    file(RELATIVE_PATH plugin_dir "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/plugins" "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${plugin_dir}")
+    brlcad_adddata("${plugin_file}" "plugins/archer/${plugin_dir}")
+  endforeach()
  brlcad_adddata(plugins/Commands/README plugins/archer/Command)
  brlcad_adddata(plugins/Core/README plugins/archer/Core)
-  brlcad_adddata(plugins/Utility/attrGroupsDisplayUtilityP/AttrGroupsDisplayUtilityP.tcl plugins/archer/Utility/attrGroupsDisplayUtilityP)
-  brlcad_adddata(plugins/Utility/botUtilityP/BotUtilityP.tcl plugins/archer/Utility/botUtilityP)
-  brlcad_adddata(plugins/Utility/lodUtilityP/LODUtilityP.tcl plugins/archer/Utility/lodUtilityP)
-  brlcad_adddata(plugins/Wizards/humanwizard/HumanWizard.tcl plugins/archer/Wizards/humanwizard)
-  brlcad_adddata(plugins/Wizards/tankwizard/TankWizard.tcl plugins/archer/Wizards/tankwizard)
-  brlcad_adddata(plugins/Wizards/tankwizard/images/tank.png plugins/archer/Wizards/tankwizardIA/images)
-  brlcad_adddata(plugins/Wizards/tirewizard/TireWizard.tcl plugins/archer/Wizards/tirewizard)
 endif(BRLCAD_ENABLE_TCL)

 set(
@@ -63,7 +63,6 @@ extern int gettimeofday(struct timeval *, void *);

 static constexpr int64_t usec_per_sec = 1000000;
 static constexpr int64_t nsec_per_sec = 1000000000;
-static constexpr int64_t nsec_per_usec = 1000;
 #if defined(HAVE_GETPROCESSTIMES) || defined(HAVE_GETTHREADTIMES)
 static constexpr int64_t nsec_per_windows_tick = 100;
 #endif
@@ -107,7 +106,7 @@ timer_rusage(const struct rusage *usage)
 	+ (int64_t)usage->ru_stime.tv_sec * usec_per_sec
 	+ (int64_t)usage->ru_stime.tv_usec;

-    return usec * nsec_per_usec;
+    return usec * (nsec_per_sec / usec_per_sec);
 }


@@ -149,7 +148,7 @@ static int64_t
 timer_mach_time_val(const time_value_t *time_val)
 {
    return ((int64_t)time_val->seconds * nsec_per_sec
-	    + (int64_t)time_val->microseconds * nsec_per_usec);
+	    + (int64_t)time_val->microseconds * (nsec_per_sec / usec_per_sec));
 }

 static int64_t
@@ -254,9 +254,15 @@ qtgl_open(void *ctx, void *UNUSED(interp), int argc, const char **argv)
    if (bu_vls_strlen(&dmp->i->dm_pathName) == 0)
 	bu_vls_printf(&dmp->i->dm_pathName, ".dm_qtgl%d", count);
    ++count;
-    /* The supplied QOpenGLWidget determines the Qt display.  Keep dm_dName
-     * empty unless the caller supplied -d; DISPLAY is an X11 setting and
-     * cannot identify a Qt context on every supported platform. */
+    if (bu_vls_strlen(&dmp->i->dm_dName) == 0) {
+	char *dp;
+
+	dp = getenv("DISPLAY");
+	if (dp)
+	    bu_vls_strcpy(&dmp->i->dm_dName, dp);
+	else
+	    bu_vls_strcpy(&dmp->i->dm_dName, ":0.0");
+    }

    /* initialize dm specific variables */
    pubvars->devmotionnotify = 0;
@@ -246,9 +246,15 @@ swrast_open(void *ctx, void *UNUSED(interp), int argc, const char **argv)
    if (bu_vls_strlen(&dmp->i->dm_pathName) == 0)
 	bu_vls_printf(&dmp->i->dm_pathName, ".dm_swrast%d", count);
    ++count;
-    /* OSMesa is offscreen and has no display to discover.  Leave dm_dName
-     * empty unless the caller supplied -d; a window-system wrapper can then
-     * select its own initialized display without inheriting X11 state. */
+    if (bu_vls_strlen(&dmp->i->dm_dName) == 0) {
+	char *dp;
+
+	dp = getenv("DISPLAY");
+	if (dp)
+	    bu_vls_strcpy(&dmp->i->dm_dName, dp);
+	else
+	    bu_vls_strcpy(&dmp->i->dm_dName, ":0.0");
+    }

    /* initialize dm specific variables */
    pubvars->devmotionnotify = 0;
@@ -464,16 +464,6 @@ tkswrast_open(void *ctx, void *vinterp, int argc, const char **argv)
    tv->orig_configureWin = dmp->i->dm_configureWin;
    tv->orig_close = dmp->i->dm_close;

-    /* The wrapped offscreen backend deliberately has no default display.
-     * For this Tk presentation layer, use the display Tk actually opened.
-     * This remains correct for X11, Win32, and Aqua even when the process
-     * inherited an unrelated DISPLAY value.  An explicit -d remains intact
-     * and is validated below by Tk_CreateWindowFromPath. */
-    if (bu_vls_strlen(&dmp->i->dm_dName) == 0) {
-	bu_vls_printf(&dmp->i->dm_dName, "%s.%d", Tk_DisplayName(tkwin),
-		Tk_ScreenNumber(tkwin));
-    }
-
    char *cp = strrchr(bu_vls_addr(&dmp->i->dm_pathName), '.');
    if (dmp->i->dm_top) {
 	tv->xtkwin = Tk_CreateWindowFromPath(interp, tkwin,
@@ -1040,11 +1040,13 @@ wgl_open(void *UNUSED(ctx), void *vinterp, int argc, const char *argv[])
    ++count;

    if (bu_vls_strlen(&dmp->i->dm_dName) == 0) {
-	/* DISPLAY names an X server and is not meaningful to WGL.  Unix-like
-	 * shells on Windows may nevertheless export it, so use the screen of
-	 * the Tk window that supplies the native HWND. */
-	bu_vls_printf(&dmp->i->dm_dName, "%s.%d", Tk_DisplayName(tkwin),
-		Tk_ScreenNumber(tkwin));
+	char *dp;
+
+	dp = getenv("DISPLAY");
+	if (dp)
+	    bu_vls_strcpy(&dmp->i->dm_dName, dp);
+	else
+	    bu_vls_strcpy(&dmp->i->dm_dName, ":0.0");
    }

    /* initialize dm specific variables */
@@ -247,19 +247,41 @@ rt_in_rpp(struct xray *rp,
 }


+/* A name alone cannot distinguish transformed instances of a solid. */
+static struct soltab *
+rt_find_solid_with_mat(const struct rt_i *rtip,
+		       const struct directory *dp, const mat_t mat)
+{
+    struct soltab *stp;
+
+    RT_VISIT_ALL_SOLTABS_START(stp, (struct rt_i *)rtip) {
+	if (stp->st_dp != dp)
+	    continue;
+	const fastf_t *st_mat = stp->st_matp ?
+	    stp->st_matp : bn_mat_identity;
+	if (bn_mat_is_equal(mat, st_mat, &rtip->rti_tol))
+	    return stp;
+    } RT_VISIT_ALL_SOLTABS_END;
+
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+
 /**
- * Traverse the passed tree using rt_db_internals to show the way
- * This function supports rt_bound_internal and is internal to librt
+ * Traverse the original database tree while tracking member transforms.
 *
- * Returns -
- * 0 success
- * -1 failure (tree_min and tree_max may have been altered)
+ * Returns 0 on success, -1 if no bounds can be computed.
 */
-int
-rt_traverse_tree(struct rt_i *rtip, const union tree *tp, fastf_t *tree_min, fastf_t *tree_max)
+static int
+rt_traverse_tree_mat(struct rt_i *rtip, const union tree *tp,
+		     fastf_t *tree_min, fastf_t *tree_max,
+		     const mat_t mat)
 {
    vect_t r_min, r_max;		/* rpp for right side of tree */

+    if (!tp)
+	return -1;
+
    RT_CK_TREE(tp);

    switch (tp->tr_op) {
@@ -269,6 +291,8 @@ rt_traverse_tree(struct rt_i *rtip, const union tree *tp, fastf_t *tree_min, fas
 		const struct soltab *stp;

 		stp = tp->tr_a.tu_stp;
+		if (!stp)
+		    return -1;
 		RT_CK_SOLTAB(stp);
 		if (stp->st_aradius <= 0) {
 		    bu_log("rt_traverse_tree: encountered dead solid '%s'\n",
@@ -293,16 +317,20 @@ rt_traverse_tree(struct rt_i *rtip, const union tree *tp, fastf_t *tree_min, fas
 	case OP_XOR:
 	case OP_UNION:
 	    /* BINARY type -- expand to contain both */
-	    if (rt_traverse_tree(rtip, tp->tr_b.tb_left, tree_min, tree_max) < 0 ||
-		rt_traverse_tree(rtip, tp->tr_b.tb_right, r_min, r_max) < 0)
+	    if (rt_traverse_tree_mat(rtip, tp->tr_b.tb_left,
+		tree_min, tree_max, mat) < 0 ||
+		rt_traverse_tree_mat(rtip, tp->tr_b.tb_right,
+		r_min, r_max, mat) < 0)
 		return -1;
 	    VMIN(tree_min, r_min);
 	    VMAX(tree_max, r_max);
 	    break;
 	case OP_INTERSECT:
 	    /* BINARY type -- find common area only */
-	    if (rt_traverse_tree(rtip, tp->tr_b.tb_left, tree_min, tree_max) < 0 ||
-		rt_traverse_tree(rtip, tp->tr_b.tb_right, r_min, r_max) < 0)
+	    if (rt_traverse_tree_mat(rtip, tp->tr_b.tb_left,
+		tree_min, tree_max, mat) < 0 ||
+		rt_traverse_tree_mat(rtip, tp->tr_b.tb_right,
+		r_min, r_max, mat) < 0)
 		return -1;
 	    /* min = largest min, max = smallest max */
 	    VMAX(tree_min, r_min);
@@ -313,7 +341,8 @@ rt_traverse_tree(struct rt_i *rtip, const union tree *tp, fastf_t *tree_min, fas
 	     * rt_gettree's subtractor shaker may have already discarded a
 	     * disjoint B (and its soltab) from the prepared tree, while this
 	     * routine may be walking the original database tree. */
-	    if (rt_traverse_tree(rtip, tp->tr_b.tb_left, tree_min, tree_max) < 0)
+	    if (rt_traverse_tree_mat(rtip, tp->tr_b.tb_left,
+		tree_min, tree_max, mat) < 0)
 		return -1;
 	    break;

@@ -324,6 +353,8 @@ rt_traverse_tree(struct rt_i *rtip, const union tree *tp, fastf_t *tree_min, fas
 	case OP_DB_LEAF:
 	    {
 		const struct soltab *stp;
+		struct directory *dp;
+		mat_t leaf_mat;

 		if (rtip == NULL) {
 		    bu_log("rt_traverse_tree: A valid rtip was not passed for calculating bounds of '%s'\n",
@@ -331,60 +362,44 @@ rt_traverse_tree(struct rt_i *rtip, const union tree *tp, fastf_t *tree_min, fas
 		    return -1;
 		}

-		/* Good to go */
+		MAT_COPY(leaf_mat, mat);
+		if (tp->tr_l.tl_mat)
+		    bn_mat_mul(leaf_mat, mat, tp->tr_l.tl_mat);

-		/* Attempt to get a solid pointer, will fail for combs */
-		stp = rt_find_solid(rtip, tp->tr_l.tl_name);
+		dp = db_lookup(rtip->rti_dbip, tp->tr_l.tl_name,
+			       LOOKUP_QUIET);
+		if (dp == RT_DIR_NULL)
+		    return -1;
+
+		stp = rt_find_solid_with_mat(rtip, dp, leaf_mat);
 		if (stp == NULL) {

-		    /* It was a comb! get an internal format and
-		     * repeat the whole thing that got us here in the
-		     * 1st place
-		     */
+		    /* Recurse through combinations using their original
+		     * trees.  A primitive without a matching prepared
+		     * instance has no valid bounds. */
 		    struct rt_db_internal intern;
-		    struct directory *dp;
 		    struct rt_comb_internal *combp;

-		    /* Get the directory pointer */
-		    if ((dp=db_lookup(rtip->rti_dbip, tp->tr_l.tl_name, LOOKUP_QUIET)) == RT_DIR_NULL) {
-			bu_log("rt_traverse_tree: db_lookup(%s) failed", tp->tr_l.tl_name);
-			return -1;
-		    }
-
-		    /* Why does recursion work with the internal
-		     * format ?  The internal format does have the
-		     * boolean op for a comb in the tr_a.tu_op field
-		     * in the root node, even though it has no prims
-		     * at the leaves.  So recursive calls to load the
-		     * prim further down the tree, will return the
-		     * correct bb as we are going through the proper
-		     * switch case in each step down the tree
-		     */
 		    if (!rt_db_lookup_internal(rtip->rti_dbip, tp->tr_l.tl_name, &dp, &intern, LOOKUP_NOISY)) {
 			bu_log("rt_traverse_tree: rt_db_lookup_internal(%s) failed to get the internal form",
 			       tp->tr_l.tl_name);
 			return -1;
 		    }

-		    /* The passed rt_db_internal should be a comb,
-		     * prepare a rt_comb_internal
-		     */
-		    if (intern.idb_minor_type == ID_COMBINATION) {
-			combp = (struct rt_comb_internal *)intern.idb_ptr;
-		    } else {
-			/* if it's not a comb, then something else is
-			 * cooking.
-			 */
-			bu_log("rt_traverse_tree: WARNING : rt_db_lookup_internal(%s) got the internal form of a primitive when it should not, the bounds may not be correct", tp->tr_l.tl_name);
+		    if (intern.idb_minor_type != ID_COMBINATION) {
+			bu_log("rt_traverse_tree: no prepared instance"
+			       " for '%s'\n", tp->tr_l.tl_name);
+			rt_db_free_internal(&intern);
 			return -1;
 		    }

+		    combp = (struct rt_comb_internal *)intern.idb_ptr;
 		    RT_CK_COMB(combp);
-		    /* further down the rabbit hole */
-		    if (rt_traverse_tree(rtip, combp->tree, tree_min, tree_max)) {
-			bu_log("rt_traverse_tree: rt_bound_tree() failed\n");
+		    int ret = rt_traverse_tree_mat(rtip, combp->tree,
+			tree_min, tree_max, leaf_mat);
+		    rt_db_free_internal(&intern);
+		    if (ret)
 			return -1;
-		    }
 		} else {
 		    /* Got a solid pointer, get bounds and return */
 		    RT_CK_SOLTAB(stp);
@@ -408,13 +423,24 @@ rt_traverse_tree(struct rt_i *rtip, const union tree *tp, fastf_t *tree_min, fas
 	    }

 	case OP_NOP:
-	    /* Implies that this tree has nothing in it */
-	    break;
+	    /* An empty tree has no bounds to return. */
+	    return -1;
    }
    return 0;
 }


+int
+rt_traverse_tree(struct rt_i *rtip, const union tree *tp,
+		 fastf_t *tree_min, fastf_t *tree_max)
+{
+    mat_t mat;
+
+    MAT_IDN(mat);
+    return rt_traverse_tree_mat(rtip, tp, tree_min, tree_max, mat);
+}
+
+
 int
 rt_bound_instance(point_t *bmin, point_t *bmax,
 		  struct directory *dp,
@@ -472,7 +498,8 @@ rt_bound_internal(struct db_i *dbip, struct directory *dp,
    struct rt_db_internal intern;
    struct rt_comb_internal *combp;
    vect_t tree_min, tree_max;
-    union tree *tp;
+    const union tree *tp;
+    union tree primitive_tree;

    /* Initialize RPP bounds */
    VSETALL(rpp_min, MAX_FASTF);
@@ -494,7 +521,8 @@ rt_bound_internal(struct db_i *dbip, struct directory *dp,


    if (!rt_db_lookup_internal(dbip, dp->d_namep, &dp, &intern, LOOKUP_NOISY)) {
-	bu_exit(1, "rt_bound_internal: rt_db_lookup_internal(%s) failed to get the internal form", dp->d_namep);
+	bu_log("rt_bound_internal: lookup failed for '%s'\n",
+	       dp->d_namep);
 	rt_i_destroy(rtip);
 	return -1;
    }
@@ -504,26 +532,18 @@ rt_bound_internal(struct db_i *dbip, struct directory *dp,
     */
    if (intern.idb_minor_type == ID_COMBINATION) {
 	combp = (struct rt_comb_internal *)intern.idb_ptr;
+	RT_CK_COMB(combp);
+	tp = combp->tree;
    } else {
-	/* A primitive was passed, construct a struct rt_comb_internal
-	 * with a single leaf node.
-	 */
-	BU_ALLOC(combp, struct rt_comb_internal);
-	RT_COMB_INTERNAL_INIT(combp);
-	combp->region_flag = 0;
-
-	BU_GET(tp, union tree);
-	RT_TREE_INIT(tp);
-	tp->tr_l.tl_op = OP_SOLID;
-	tp->tr_l.tl_name = bu_strdup("dummy");
-	tp->tr_l.tl_mat = (matp_t)NULL;
-	tp->tr_a.tu_stp = rt_find_solid(rtip, dp->d_namep);
-	combp->tree = tp;
+	/* A primitive uses its prepared solid directly. */
+	RT_TREE_INIT(&primitive_tree);
+	primitive_tree.tr_l.tl_op = OP_SOLID;
+	primitive_tree.tr_a.tu_stp = rt_find_solid(rtip, dp->d_namep);
+	tp = &primitive_tree;
    }

-    RT_CK_COMB(combp);
-    if (rt_traverse_tree(rtip, combp->tree, tree_min, tree_max)) {
-	bu_log("rt_bound_internal: rt_bound_tree() failed\n");
+    if (rt_traverse_tree(rtip, tp, tree_min, tree_max)) {
+	bu_log("rt_bound_internal: tree traversal failed\n");
 	rt_db_free_internal(&intern);
 	rt_i_destroy(rtip);
 	return -1;
@@ -72,10 +72,15 @@ brlcad_add_test(NAME rt_tree_prune COMMAND rt_tree_prune)

 brlcad_addexec(rt_reprep_prune reprep_prune.c "librt;libwdb;libbu;${M_LIBRARY}" TEST)

-brlcad_addexec(rt_rtcmp_capture rtcmp_capture.c "librt;libwdb;libbu;${M_LIBRARY}" TEST)
-brlcad_add_test(NAME rt_rtcmp_capture COMMAND rt_rtcmp_capture)
-brlcad_add_test(NAME rt_rtcmp_capture_primitives COMMAND rt_rtcmp_capture primitives)
-brlcad_add_test(NAME rt_reprep_prune COMMAND rt_reprep_prune)
+# Note - this feature is not available in a BRLCAD_ENABLE_RUNTIME_DEBUG=OFF
+# build, since it has an unavoidable performance overhead in the hot loop to
+# check if the setting is enabled.
+if (BRLCAD_ENABLE_RUNTIME_DEBUG)
+  brlcad_addexec(rt_rtcmp_capture rtcmp_capture.c "librt;libwdb;libbu;${M_LIBRARY}" TEST)
+  brlcad_add_test(NAME rt_rtcmp_capture COMMAND rt_rtcmp_capture)
+  brlcad_add_test(NAME rt_rtcmp_capture_primitives COMMAND rt_rtcmp_capture primitives)
+  brlcad_add_test(NAME rt_reprep_prune COMMAND rt_reprep_prune)
+endif()

 brlcad_addexec(rt_submodel_xform submodel_xform.c "librt;libwdb;libbu;${M_LIBRARY}" TEST)
 brlcad_add_test(NAME rt_submodel_xform COMMAND rt_submodel_xform)
@@ -212,36 +217,37 @@ brlcad_add_test(NAME rt_metaball_adjust COMMAND rt_metaball_adjust)
 set(
  distcheck_files
  CMakeLists.txt
-  ars_inside.c
  arb_intersect.g
+  ars_inside.c
  binary_attribute.c
  binunif.c
-  brep_io.cpp
  bound_internal.c
+  brep_boolean_tests.g
+  brep_io.cpp
  crofton.c
+  cyclic_tests.g
+  datum_annot_semantics.c
  db_name.c
  default_object.c
-  datum_annot_semantics.c
  dsp_raytrace_check.c
  dsp_sa_vol_check.c
-  primitive_brep.cpp
-  reprep_prune.c
-  brep_boolean_tests.g
-  cyclic_tests.g
  extreme_ssi_test.g
  invalid_inmem.c
  lcomb_large.c
  matrix_tests.g
  metaball_adjust.c
  nurbs_surfaces.g
+  pnts_bounds.c
+  prim_tess.c
+  primitive_brep.cpp
+  reprep_prune.c
  rt_datum.c
  rt_perturb.c
+  rtcmp_capture.c
  search_stress.c
-  static_init.cpp
  sketch.g
+  static_init.cpp
  submodel_xform.c
-  prim_tess.c
-  pnts_bounds.c
  tess_timing.c
  tree_prune.c
  vds_tree.c
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ main(int UNUSED(argc), const char **argv)
    point_t bmin, bmax;
    point_t expected_min = {-1.0, -1.0, -1.0};
    point_t expected_max = { 1.0,  1.0,  1.0};
+    mat_t translated;
    int ret = 1;

    bu_setprogname(argv[0]);
@@ -75,6 +76,68 @@ main(int UNUSED(argc), const char **argv)
    if (!VNEAR_EQUAL(bmax, expected_max, BN_TOL_DIST))
 	goto done;

+    dp = db_lookup(dbip, "left.s", LOOKUP_QUIET);
+    if (dp == RT_DIR_NULL || rt_bound_internal(dbip, dp, bmin, bmax))
+	goto done;
+    if (!VNEAR_EQUAL(bmin, expected_min, BN_TOL_DIST) ||
+	!VNEAR_EQUAL(bmax, expected_max, BN_TOL_DIST))
+	goto done;
+
+    BU_LIST_INIT(&wm.l);
+    if (mk_comb(wdbp, "empty.c", &wm.l, 0, NULL, NULL, NULL,
+	0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0))
+	goto done;
+    dp = db_lookup(dbip, "empty.c", LOOKUP_QUIET);
+    if (dp == RT_DIR_NULL ||
+	rt_bound_internal(dbip, dp, bmin, bmax) == 0)
+	goto done;
+
+    BU_LIST_INIT(&wm.l);
+    if (!mk_addmember("empty.c", &wm.l, NULL, WMOP_UNION))
+	goto done;
+    if (mk_lcomb(wdbp, "nested.c", &wm, 0, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0))
+	goto done;
+    dp = db_lookup(dbip, "nested.c", LOOKUP_QUIET);
+    if (dp == RT_DIR_NULL ||
+	rt_bound_internal(dbip, dp, bmin, bmax) == 0)
+	goto done;
+
+    MAT_IDN(translated);
+    MAT_DELTAS(translated, 20.0, 0.0, 0.0);
+    BU_LIST_INIT(&wm.l);
+    if (!mk_addmember("left.s", &wm.l, NULL, WMOP_UNION) ||
+	!mk_addmember("left.s", &wm.l, translated, WMOP_UNION))
+	goto done;
+    if (mk_lcomb(wdbp, "instanced.r", &wm, 1, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0))
+	goto done;
+    dp = db_lookup(dbip, "instanced.r", LOOKUP_QUIET);
+    if (dp == RT_DIR_NULL || rt_bound_internal(dbip, dp, bmin, bmax))
+	goto done;
+    VSET(expected_max, 21.0, 1.0, 1.0);
+    if (!VNEAR_EQUAL(bmin, expected_min, BN_TOL_DIST) ||
+	!VNEAR_EQUAL(bmax, expected_max, BN_TOL_DIST))
+	goto done;
+
+    BU_LIST_INIT(&wm.l);
+    if (!mk_addmember("left.s", &wm.l, translated, WMOP_UNION))
+	goto done;
+    if (mk_lcomb(wdbp, "child.c", &wm, 0, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0))
+	goto done;
+    MAT_DELTAS(translated, 10.0, 0.0, 0.0);
+    BU_LIST_INIT(&wm.l);
+    if (!mk_addmember("child.c", &wm.l, translated, WMOP_UNION))
+	goto done;
+    if (mk_lcomb(wdbp, "parent.r", &wm, 1, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0))
+	goto done;
+    dp = db_lookup(dbip, "parent.r", LOOKUP_QUIET);
+    if (dp == RT_DIR_NULL || rt_bound_internal(dbip, dp, bmin, bmax))
+	goto done;
+    VSET(expected_min, 29.0, -1.0, -1.0);
+    VSET(expected_max, 31.0, 1.0, 1.0);
+    if (!VNEAR_EQUAL(bmin, expected_min, BN_TOL_DIST) ||
+	!VNEAR_EQUAL(bmax, expected_max, BN_TOL_DIST))
+	goto done;
+
    ret = 0;

 done:
@@ -85,6 +85,69 @@ proc exercise_object_lifecycle {class object args} {
    }
 }

+proc exercise_panedwindow_bindings {} {
+    set pane_size 200
+    set drag_distance 20
+    set native_motion_binding [bind Panedwindow <Motion>]
+
+    toplevel .panes
+    foreach orientation {horizontal vertical} {
+	set pane .panes.$orientation
+	iwidgets::panedwindow $pane -orient $orientation \
+	    -width $pane_size -height $pane_size -showhandle 0
+	$pane add first -minimum 0 -margin 0
+	$pane add second -minimum 0 -margin 0
+	pack $pane -side left -fill both -expand yes
+    }
+
+    panedwindow .panes.native -width $pane_size -height $pane_size
+    foreach name {first second} {
+	frame .panes.native.$name
+	.panes.native add .panes.native.$name
+    }
+    pack .panes.native -side left -fill both -expand yes
+    update
+
+    # Hull events must not invoke native Tk handlers on Iwidgets objects.
+    foreach pane {.panes.horizontal .panes.vertical .panes.native} {
+	foreach event {
+	    <Motion> <Leave>
+	    <ButtonPress-1> <B1-Motion> <ButtonRelease-1>
+	    <ButtonPress-2> <B2-Motion> <ButtonRelease-2>
+	} {
+	    event generate $pane $event -x 1 -y 1
+	}
+	update
+	assert_equal "$pane pointer events" $::background_errors {}
+    }
+    assert_equal "native panedwindow motion binding" \
+	[bind Panedwindow <Motion>] $native_motion_binding
+
+    # Removing the hull's class tag must retain Iwidgets' sash dragging.
+    foreach orientation {horizontal vertical} {
+	set pane .panes.$orientation
+	set before [$pane fraction]
+	set sash [$pane component sash1]
+	set x 0
+	set y 0
+	if {$orientation eq "horizontal"} {
+	    set y $drag_distance
+	} else {
+	    set x $drag_distance
+	}
+	event generate $sash <ButtonPress-1> -x 0 -y 0
+	event generate $sash <B1-Motion> -x $x -y $y
+	event generate $sash <B1-ButtonRelease-1> -x $x -y $y
+	update
+	if {[lindex [$pane fraction] 0] <= [lindex $before 0]} {
+	    fail "$orientation panedwindow sash did not move"
+	}
+	assert_equal "$orientation sash events" $::background_errors {}
+    }
+    destroy .panes
+    update
+}
+
 proc require_at_least {package minimum} {
    set version [package require $package $minimum]
    if {[package vcompare $version $minimum] < 0} {
@@ -102,6 +165,7 @@ set tk_version [require_at_least Tk 8.6]
 set itcl_version [require_at_least Itcl 4.3.0]
 set itk_version [require_at_least Itk 4.2.3]
 set iwidgets_version [require_at_least Iwidgets 4.1.1]
+exercise_panedwindow_bindings
 interp alias {} Hierarchy {} ::iwidgets::Hierarchy
 interp alias {} scrolledlistbox {} ::iwidgets::scrolledlistbox

@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ if(BRLCAD_ENABLE_TCL)
  if(TK_LIBRARY)
    target_compile_definitions(mged PRIVATE HAVE_TK=1)
  endif(TK_LIBRARY)
-  target_include_directories(mged BEFORE PRIVATE ${MGED_INCLUDE_DIRS})
+  brlcad_include_dirs(mged MGED_INCLUDE_DIRS PRIVATE)
  add_target_deps(mged Tkhtml Tktable itcl_pkgIndex itk_pkgIndex TclIndexBld dm_plugins)

  # MGED needs the tclIndex and pkgIndex files set up correctly
@@ -340,26 +340,6 @@ f_attach(ClientData clientData, Tcl_Interp *interpreter, int argc, const char *a
 }


-#ifdef HAVE_TK
-static int
-mged_restore_display_env(Tcl_Interp *interp, Tcl_Obj *saved_display)
-{
-    int status;
-
-    if (saved_display != NULL) {
-	status = (Tcl_SetVar2Ex(interp, "env", "DISPLAY", saved_display,
-		TCL_GLOBAL_ONLY | TCL_LEAVE_ERR_MSG) != NULL) ? TCL_OK : TCL_ERROR;
-	Tcl_DecrRefCount(saved_display);
-	return status;
-    }
-
-    status = Tcl_UnsetVar2(interp, "env", "DISPLAY",
-	    TCL_GLOBAL_ONLY | TCL_LEAVE_ERR_MSG);
-    return status;
-}
-#endif
-
-
 int
 gui_setup(struct mged_state *s, const char *dstr)
 {
@@ -368,7 +348,6 @@ gui_setup(struct mged_state *s, const char *dstr)

 #ifdef HAVE_TK
    Tk_GenericProc *handler = doEvent;
-    Tcl_Obj *saved_display = NULL;
 #endif
    /* initialize only once */
    if (tkwin != NULL)
@@ -376,83 +355,24 @@ gui_setup(struct mged_state *s, const char *dstr)

    Tcl_ResetResult(s->interp);

-#ifdef HAVE_TK
-    /* Tk has no display-name argument in its C initialization API.  For an
-     * explicit MGED -d/loadtk argument, env(DISPLAY) is therefore the only
-     * portable way to select an X11 display before Tk_Init.  Do not do this
-     * for ambient process state: X11 Tk already reads DISPLAY itself, and
-     * native Win32/Aqua Tk deliberately ignores that X11-only variable. */
-    if (dstr != NULL) {
-	saved_display = Tcl_GetVar2Ex(s->interp, "env", "DISPLAY",
-		TCL_GLOBAL_ONLY);
-	if (saved_display != NULL)
-	    Tcl_IncrRefCount(saved_display);
-	if (Tcl_SetVar2(s->interp, "env", "DISPLAY", dstr,
-		TCL_GLOBAL_ONLY | TCL_LEAVE_ERR_MSG) == NULL) {
-	    if (saved_display != NULL)
-		Tcl_DecrRefCount(saved_display);
-	    return TCL_ERROR;
-	}
+    /* set DISPLAY to dstr */
+    if (dstr != (char *)NULL) {
+	Tcl_SetVar(s->interp, "env(DISPLAY)", dstr, TCL_GLOBAL_ONLY);
    }

+#ifdef HAVE_TK
    /* This runs the tk.tcl script */
    if (Tk_Init(s->interp) == TCL_ERROR) {
 	const char *result = Tcl_GetStringResult(s->interp);
 	/* hack to avoid a stupid Tk error */
 	if (bu_strncmp(result, "this isn't a Tk applicationcouldn't", 35) == 0) {
-	    Tcl_SetObjResult(s->interp, Tcl_NewStringObj(result + 27, -1));
-	}
-	if (dstr != NULL) {
-	    Tcl_SavedResult init_result;
-
-	    /* Environment restoration is cleanup on this path; retain Tk's
-	     * diagnostic even if an unusual Tcl environment trace rejects it. */
-	    Tcl_SaveResult(s->interp, &init_result);
-	    (void)mged_restore_display_env(s->interp, saved_display);
-	    Tcl_RestoreResult(s->interp, &init_result);
+	    result = (result + 27);
+	    Tcl_ResetResult(s->interp);
+	    Tcl_AppendResult(s->interp, result, (char *)NULL);
 	}
 	return TCL_ERROR;
    }

-    if (dstr != NULL) {
-	int is_x11;
-
-	if (Tcl_Eval(s->interp, "tk windowingsystem") != TCL_OK) {
-	    Tcl_SavedResult windowing_result;
-
-	    Tcl_SaveResult(s->interp, &windowing_result);
-	    (void)mged_restore_display_env(s->interp, saved_display);
-	    Tcl_RestoreResult(s->interp, &windowing_result);
-	    return TCL_ERROR;
-	}
-	is_x11 = BU_STR_EQUAL(Tcl_GetStringResult(s->interp), "x11");
-	Tcl_ResetResult(s->interp);
-
-	if (is_x11) {
-	    /* X11 may use the explicit display for subsequently created
-	     * toplevels and display managers, so keep it in the environment. */
-	    if (saved_display != NULL)
-		Tcl_DecrRefCount(saved_display);
-	} else {
-	    Tk_Window display_probe;
-
-	    /* Win32 and Aqua cannot be redirected by DISPLAY.  Restore the
-	     * caller's environment, then let Tk validate whether the explicit
-	     * name denotes the already initialized native screen.  This accepts
-	     * native aliases such as :0/:0.0 but reports unsupported alternate
-	     * displays instead of silently opening a different screen. */
-	    if (mged_restore_display_env(s->interp, saved_display) != TCL_OK)
-		return TCL_ERROR;
-
-	    display_probe = Tk_CreateWindowFromPath(s->interp,
-		    Tk_MainWindow(s->interp), ".__mged_display_probe", dstr);
-	    if (display_probe == NULL)
-		return TCL_ERROR;
-	    Tk_DestroyWindow(display_probe);
-	    Tcl_ResetResult(s->interp);
-	}
-    }
-
    /* Initialize [incr Tk] */
    if (Tcl_Eval(s->interp, "package require Itk") != TCL_OK) {
      return TCL_ERROR;
@@ -465,10 +385,6 @@ gui_setup(struct mged_state *s, const char *dstr)
    }
 #endif

-#ifndef HAVE_TK
-    (void)dstr;
-#endif
-
    /* Initialize the Iwidgets package */
    if (Tcl_Eval(s->interp, "package require Iwidgets") != TCL_OK) {
 	return TCL_ERROR;
@@ -509,6 +425,8 @@ mged_attach(struct mged_state *s, const char *wp_name, int argc, const char *arg
 {
    int opt_argc;
    char **opt_argv;
+    const char *dm_name;
+    const char *dm_lname;
    struct mged_dm *o_dm;

    if (!wp_name) {
@@ -579,8 +497,8 @@ mged_attach(struct mged_state *s, const char *wp_name, int argc, const char *arg
    mged_link_vars(s->mged_curr_dm);

    Tcl_ResetResult(s->interp);
-    const char *dm_name = dm_get_dm_name(DMP);
-    const char *dm_lname = dm_get_dm_lname(DMP);
+    dm_name = dm_get_dm_name(DMP);
+    dm_lname = dm_get_dm_lname(DMP);
    if (dm_name && dm_lname) {
 	Tcl_AppendResult(s->interp, "ATTACHING ", dm_name, " (", dm_lname,	")\n", (char *)NULL);
    }
@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@ f_facedef(ClientData clientData, Tcl_Interp *interp, int argc, const char *argv[
    struct rt_arb_internal *arb;
    struct rt_arb_internal *arbo;
    plane_t planes[6];
+    int arb_type;
    int status;
    struct bu_vls error_msg;

@@ -125,7 +126,7 @@ f_facedef(ClientData clientData, Tcl_Interp *interp, int argc, const char *argv[
    RT_ARB_CK_MAGIC(arb);

    /* find new planes to account for any editing */
-    int arb_type = rt_arb_std_type(&MEDIT(s)->es_int, MEDIT(s)->tol);
+    arb_type = rt_arb_std_type(&MEDIT(s)->es_int, MEDIT(s)->tol);
    if (rt_arb_calc_planes(&error_msg, arb, arb_type, planes, &s->tol.tol)) {
 	Tcl_AppendResult(interp, bu_vls_addr(&error_msg),
 			 "Unable to determine plane equations\n", (char *)NULL);
@@ -113,9 +113,6 @@ extern struct _mged_variables default_mged_variables;
 /* defined in color_scheme.c */
 extern struct _color_scheme default_color_scheme;

-/* defined in grid.c */
-extern struct bv_grid_state default_grid_state;
-
 /* defined in axes.c */
 extern struct _axes_state default_axes_state;

@@ -2446,29 +2443,6 @@ apply_cli_overrides(struct mged_state *s, struct mged_cli_overrides *cl)
    if (cli_dbl_is_set(cl->eye_sep_dist))        CLI_SETVAR_DBL("eye_sep_dist",   cl->eye_sep_dist);

    /* --- Tcl mged_default array entries ---------------------------------- */
-    if (cl->dpy_string) {
-	const char *display = cl->dpy_string;
-#ifdef HAVE_TK
-	struct bu_vls tk_screen = BU_VLS_INIT_ZERO;
-	Tk_Window main_window = Tk_MainWindow(s->interp);
-
-	/* Apply -d after .mgedrc just like the other command-line overrides.
-	 * Once Tk is initialized, store its canonical screen name rather than
-	 * the spelling used to select it (for example, :0 and :0.0 may denote
-	 * the same native screen).  Classic/headless mode retains the original
-	 * value for a later display-manager attach. */
-	if (main_window != NULL) {
-	    bu_vls_printf(&tk_screen, "%s.%d", Tk_DisplayName(main_window),
-		    Tk_ScreenNumber(main_window));
-	    display = bu_vls_cstr(&tk_screen);
-	}
-#endif
-	Tcl_SetVar2(s->interp, "mged_default", "display", display,
-		TCL_GLOBAL_ONLY);
-#ifdef HAVE_TK
-	bu_vls_free(&tk_screen);
-#endif
-    }
    if (cl->dm_type)
 	Tcl_SetVar2(s->interp, "mged_default", "dm_type", cl->dm_type,  TCL_GLOBAL_ONLY);
    if (cl->geom)
@@ -2717,7 +2691,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
    struct bu_opt_desc opt_defs[54];
    /* ---- Existing short options, now with long aliases ---- */
    BU_OPT(opt_defs[0],  "a", "attach",           "type",    bu_opt_str,      &cl.attach,           "display manager attach target");
-    BU_OPT(opt_defs[1],  "d", "display",           "screen",  bu_opt_str,      &cl.dpy_string,       "Tk display and screen name");
+    BU_OPT(opt_defs[1],  "d", "display",           "string",  bu_opt_str,      &cl.dpy_string,       "X display string");
    BU_OPT(opt_defs[2],  "r", "read-only",         "",        NULL,            &cl.read_only,        "open database read-only");
    BU_OPT(opt_defs[3],  "p", "pipe",              "",        NULL,            &cl.pipe_mode,        "pipe mode (emit CMD_DONE sentinels)");
    BU_OPT(opt_defs[4],  "c", "classic",           "",        NULL,            &cl.classic_mode,     "classic text-only mode");
@@ -3067,6 +3041,9 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
    (void)Tcl_Eval(s->interp, bu_vls_addr(&s->input_str));
    bu_vls_trunc(&s->input_str, 0);

+    if (!s->dpy_string)
+	s->dpy_string = getenv("DISPLAY");
+
    /* show ourselves */
    if (s->interactive) {
 	if (s->classic_mged) {
@@ -3088,17 +3065,23 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	    /* start up the gui */

 	    int status;
+	    struct bu_vls vls = BU_VLS_INIT_ZERO;
 	    struct bu_vls error = BU_VLS_INIT_ZERO;

 	    (void)Tcl_Eval(s->interp, "set mged_console_mode gui");

-	    /* An unset -d is deliberately passed as NULL.  Tk already knows how
-	     * to select its platform display: X11 consults DISPLAY, while the
-	     * Win32 and Aqua backends select their native display.  Treating an
-	     * inherited DISPLAY value as an explicit request breaks native Tk
-	     * when Unix-like shells export an X11 placeholder. */
-	    status = gui_setup(s, s->dpy_string);
+	    bu_vls_strcpy(&vls, "loadtk");
+	    if (s->dpy_string)
+		bu_vls_printf(&vls, " %s", s->dpy_string);
+
+	    status = Tcl_Eval(s->interp, bu_vls_addr(&vls));
 	    bu_vls_strcpy(&error, Tcl_GetStringResult(s->interp));
+	    bu_vls_free(&vls);
+
+	    if (status != TCL_OK && !s->dpy_string) {
+		/* failed to load tk, try localhost X11 if DISPLAY was not set */
+		status = Tcl_Eval(s->interp, "loadtk :0");
+	    }

 	    if (status != TCL_OK) {
 		if (!run_in_foreground && use_pipe) {
@@ -575,6 +575,7 @@ void pr_beep(void);
 void pr_prompt(struct mged_state *s);

 /* grid.c */
+extern struct bv_grid_state default_grid_state;
 extern void round_to_grid(struct mged_state *s, fastf_t *view_dx, fastf_t *view_dy);
 extern void snap_keypoint_to_grid(struct mged_state *s);
 extern void snap_view_center_to_grid(struct mged_state *s);
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ package provide Archer 1.0
 	method buildViewAxesPreferences {}
 	method doAboutArcher {}
 	method doarcherHelp {}
-	method handleMap {}
+	method handleMap {_window}
 	method handleBindingModeChange {_name1 _name2 _op}
 	method overrideBindingMode {_mode}
 	method updateOverrideBindingMode {_keysym}
@@ -427,6 +427,7 @@ package provide Archer 1.0

    private {
 	variable mInstanceInit 1
+	variable mWindowMapped 0
    }
 }

@@ -528,7 +529,7 @@ package provide Archer 1.0
    }

    # resize and position window after it's drawn
-    bind [namespace tail $this] <Map> [::itcl::code $this handleMap]
+    bind [namespace tail $this] <Map> [::itcl::code $this handleMap %W]
 }


@@ -4263,18 +4264,26 @@ proc title_node_handler {node} {

 }

-::itcl::body Archer::handleMap {} {
-    if {$mWindowGeometry != ""} {
-	after idle "wm geometry [namespace tail $this] $mWindowGeometry"
-    } else {
-	after idle "wm geometry [namespace tail $this] $itk_option(-geometry)"
+::itcl::body Archer::handleMap {_window} {
+    # Child windows also dispatch Map events through the toplevel's tag.
+    if {$_window ne [namespace tail $this]} {
+	return
+    }
+    set mWindowMapped 1
+
+    set geometry $mWindowGeometry
+    if {$geometry eq ""} {
+	set geometry $itk_option(-geometry)
+    }
+    if {$geometry ne ""} {
+	after idle [list wm geometry $_window $geometry]
    }

    if {$mSeparateCommandWindow && $mCmdWindowGeometry != ""} {
-	after idle [::itcl::code wm geometry $itk_component(sepcmdT) $mCmdWindowGeometry]
+	after idle [list wm geometry $itk_component(sepcmdT) $mCmdWindowGeometry]
    }

-    bind [namespace tail $this] <Map> {}
+    bind $_window <Map> {}
 }

 ::itcl::body Archer::handleDisplayEscape {_dm} {
@@ -9351,7 +9360,17 @@ proc title_node_handler {node} {
    puts $_pfile "set mVPaneToggle3 $mVPaneToggle3"
    puts $_pfile "set mVPaneToggle5 $mVPaneToggle5"

-    puts $_pfile "set mWindowGeometry [winfo geometry [namespace tail $this]]"
+    # Before the first map, the hull's size only reflects unfinished layout.
+    if {$mWindowMapped} {
+	if {$ArcherCore::inheritFromToplevel} {
+	    set mWindowGeometry [wm geometry [namespace tail $this]]
+	} else {
+	    set mWindowGeometry [winfo geometry [namespace tail $this]]
+	}
+    }
+    if {$mWindowGeometry ne ""} {
+	puts $_pfile [list set mWindowGeometry $mWindowGeometry]
+    }

    if {$mSeparateCommandWindow} {
 	puts $_pfile "set mCmdWindowGeometry [winfo geometry $itk_component(sepcmdT)]"
@@ -1090,9 +1090,9 @@ namespace delete ::ArcherCoreBootstrap
 	wm withdraw [namespace tail $this]
    }

-    # Tk has already selected its X11, Win32, or Aqua display.  DISPLAY is an
-    # X11 input to that initialization, not portable application state; in
-    # particular, synthesizing :0 here can misdirect native Tk child windows.
+    if {![info exists env(DISPLAY)]} {
+	set env(DISPLAY) ":0"
+    }

    set mImgDir [file join [bu_dir data] tclscripts archer images]

@@ -165,8 +165,7 @@ proc secErrorDialog {root title text default args} {
    update idletasks

    # First frame consists of error icon and message
-    frame $base.frame\#1 \
-	-class Panedwindow
+    frame $base.frame\#1
    pack $base.frame\#1 -fill x -anchor w

    canvas $base.frame\#1.bitmap \
@@ -25,7 +25,11 @@
 #

 if ![info exists mged_default(display)] {
-    set mged_default(display) [winfo screen .]
+    if [info exists env(DISPLAY)] {
+	set mged_default(display) $env(DISPLAY)
+    } else {
+	set mged_default(display) :0
+    }
 }

 if ![info exists mged_gui(mged,screen)] {
@@ -24,7 +24,11 @@
 #

 if ![info exists mged_default(display)] {
-    set mged_default(display) [winfo screen .]
+    if [info exists env(DISPLAY)] {
+	set mged_default(display) $env(DISPLAY)
+    } else {
+	set mged_default(display) :0
+    }
 }

 if ![info exists mged_gui(mged,screen)] {
@@ -27,6 +27,10 @@ if ![info exists mged_players] {
    set mged_players {}
 }

+if ![info exists env(DISPLAY)] {
+    set env(DISPLAY) ":0"
+}
+
 #==============================================================================
 # Ensure that tk.tcl has been loaded already via mged command 'loadtk'.
 #==============================================================================
@@ -43,10 +47,11 @@ if { [info exists tk_strictMotif] == 0 } {

 # MGED html manual directory search order precedence should be:
 #   MGED_HTML_DIR
+#   [bu_dir data]/html/manuals/mged
 #   [bu_dir doc]/html/manuals/mged

 if ![info exists mged_default(html_dir)] {
-    set mged_default(html_dir) [file normalize [file join [bu_dir doc] html manuals mged]]
+    set mged_default(html_dir) [file normalize [file join [bu_dir data] html manuals mged]]
    if {![file exists $mged_default(html_dir)]} {
 	set mged_default(html_dir) [file normalize [file join [bu_dir doc] html manuals mged]]
    }
@@ -154,7 +154,8 @@ proc dump_mged_state {fd} {
    puts $fd "# Determines the border width in the geometry window"
    puts $fd "set mged_default(bd) $mged_default(bd)"
    puts $fd ""
-    puts $fd "# Tk screen name used for the GUI's windows"
+    puts $fd "# X display string used to determine the screen"
+    puts $fd "# on which to display the GUI's windows"
    puts $fd "set mged_default(display) $mged_default(display)"
    puts $fd ""
    puts $fd "# Configures the GUI. Note - this is only"
@@ -108,12 +108,13 @@ if {![info exists mged_default(config)]} {
    set mged_default(config) b
 }

-# DISPLAY is an X11 connection setting, not a portable Tk screen name.  Tk is
-# initialized before this script runs, so its canonical screen is authoritative
-# on X11, Win32, and Aqua alike.  Preserve a value supplied explicitly through
-# .mgedrc or the gui command for multi-display X11 use.
-if {![info exists mged_default(display)]} {
-    set mged_default(display) [winfo screen .]
+if {[info exists env(DISPLAY)]} {
+    set mged_default(display) $env(DISPLAY)
+} else {
+    if {![info exists mged_default(display)]} {
+	set mged_default(display) :0
+    }
+    set env(DISPLAY) $mged_default(display)
 }

 if {![info exists mged_default(gdisplay)]} {
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Clifford Yapp	bc130e1e7a	Merge branch 'RELEASE'	2026-10-12 10:39:22 -04:00
Clifford Yapp	de83ba5d30	Bump to dev revision after tagging 7.46.0. We already have enough changes pending for another minor - if 7.46 needs a patch release it will come from the rel-7-46 branch.	2026-10-12 10:37:59 -04:00
Clifford Yapp	31470287a1	Update ChangeLog, set release date	2026-10-12 10:28:55 -04:00
Clifford Yapp	dc3b4abaa1	Improve distcheck bext path handling	2026-10-10 20:17:12 -04:00
Clifford Yapp	3f1eb8f584	Update bext logic to make URL modular	2026-10-10 20:17:06 -04:00
Clifford Yapp	561b3c3aab	move extern definition	2026-10-10 20:16:56 -04:00
Clifford Yapp	d03b9838a1	no-tk and goto adjustments for FreeBSD building	2026-10-10 20:16:50 -04:00
Clifford Yapp	48cd318a6d	Make github.com bext sha1 query non-interactive This is an optional check, so we never want it to go interactive if anything is weird with upstream. `credential.helper=` prevents credential-manager/browser prompts, `credential.interactive=false` disables Git credential interaction, and the `GIT_TERMINAL_PROMPT=0` environment variable blocks terminal prompting and helps with older Git versions	2026-10-10 20:16:44 -04:00
Clifford Yapp	1f0193dbaf	Isolate GCV regression outputs Give each GCV regression target a distinct output path so parallel tests cannot remove one another's results. Validate and clean every input immediately, and update companion-file cleanup paths.	2026-10-10 20:16:33 -04:00
Clifford Yapp	2e7e827ba0	Fix conditional datetime conversion constant Derive nanoseconds per microsecond from the existing unit constants. This avoids an unused file-scope constant in clock_gettime builds.	2026-10-10 20:16:17 -04:00
Clifford Yapp	342d8a9152	Improve distcheck bext path handling	2026-10-10 20:03:02 -04:00
Clifford Yapp	9e030edd60	Update bext logic to make URL modular	2026-10-10 11:39:21 -04:00
Clifford Yapp	b5bf1683a2	move extern definition	2026-10-08 16:34:31 -04:00
Clifford Yapp	eb7e9cb38c	no-tk and goto adjustments for FreeBSD building	2026-10-08 16:31:46 -04:00
Clifford Yapp	84be85a74d	Make github.com bext sha1 query non-interactive This is an optional check, so we never want it to go interactive if anything is weird with upstream. `credential.helper=` prevents credential-manager/browser prompts, `credential.interactive=false` disables Git credential interaction, and the `GIT_TERMINAL_PROMPT=0` environment variable blocks terminal prompting and helps with older Git versions	2026-10-07 11:05:52 -04:00
Clifford Yapp	3fd9ec8f4b	Isolate GCV regression outputs Give each GCV regression target a distinct output path so parallel tests cannot remove one another's results. Validate and clean every input immediately, and update companion-file cleanup paths.	2026-10-06 18:21:05 +00:00
Clifford Yapp	7d2392d754	Fix conditional datetime conversion constant Derive nanoseconds per microsecond from the existing unit constants. This avoids an unused file-scope constant in clock_gettime builds.	2026-10-06 18:20:41 +00:00
Christopher Sean Morrison	e7c61497df	new doc on representations	2026-10-06 10:51:33 -04:00
Christopher Sean Morrison	08da151a6e	add new documentation explaining the differences between geometry representation schemes with examples	2026-10-06 10:50:13 -04:00
Clifford Yapp	757bb76203	Update log with commits being incorporated into rel-7-46-0	2026-10-06 01:47:38 -04:00
Clifford Yapp	c70bab52c4	Update version numbers	2026-10-06 01:45:41 -04:00
Clifford Yapp	7929a747ad	Fix Archer saving window sizes before they're ready	2026-10-06 01:42:31 -04:00
Clifford Yapp	eac0f4d265	Adjustments for Archer/Itcl	2026-10-06 00:57:13 -04:00
Clifford Yapp	d6ae424de0	Correct Archer plugin setup	2026-10-06 00:47:05 -04:00
Clifford Yapp	27ba3c4880	Be more aggressive about making sure the install rpath setup is our standard one.	2026-10-05 21:29:34 +00:00
Clifford Yapp	7ade8db130	Got the test backwards	2026-10-05 15:30:29 -04:00
Clifford Yapp	e91023f354	Disable rtcmp tests for a BRLCAD_ENABLE_RUNTIME_DEBUG=OFF build rtcmp logging in librt is in the hot loop for rt_shootray, so even the enabled/disabled conditional check imposes about 1.5% performance overhead in an optimized build configuration. Since that isn't acceptable when we're disabling debugging support for maximum performance, disable the tests in that particular case.	2026-10-05 13:50:34 -04:00
Clifford Yapp	303b90f7f1	librt: handle empty and instanced trees during bounds traversal rt_gettree can succeed for an empty combination with no primitives, leaving its imported tree null. The old traversal reached RT_CK_TREE. With runtime checks enabled, that bombs and facetize's setjmp catches it. Builds with runtime checks disabled compile out the magic check and dereference null instead. This explains the different outcomes across build configurations. Return an error for null or NOP trees at every recursion level, so nested empty combinations also fail without a bomb. Carry each member's accumulated transform when selecting a prepared solid; matching only the name chose the wrong instance when one primitive appeared at multiple locations. Release imported combinations after recursion, use a stack tree for direct primitives, and return lookup errors instead of exiting the process. Cover empty and nested combinations, direct primitives, repeated transformed instances, and transforms through nested combinations.	2026-10-05 16:45:33 +00:00
Clifford Yapp	875091f78a	Check for null tree before doing rt_traverse_tree	2026-10-05 11:49:40 -04:00
Christopher Sean Morrison	0716e4c842	Revert "add a test to get regions" This reverts commit `d3e037a760`.	2026-10-05 10:22:25 -04:00
Christopher Sean Morrison	ee6e1bebdc	write up a preamble for 7.46	2026-10-05 03:31:45 -04:00
Christopher Sean Morrison	9d4f5bb124	consolidate the list a little bit combining related changes and being a little more user-vis critical	2026-10-05 03:21:22 -04:00
Christopher Sean Morrison	21f442a4ad	upper on cmd names outside summaries is jarring and inconsistent	2026-10-05 02:11:21 -04:00
Christopher Sean Morrison	24d6f6f4cb	add data dir to the doc search paths also	2026-10-05 01:44:15 -04:00
Christopher Sean Morrison	d3e037a760	add a test to get regions	2026-10-05 01:27:54 -04:00
Christopher Sean Morrison	5a38423677	release prep for 7.46.0	2026-10-04 23:34:49 -04:00
Christopher Sean Morrison	38113b1de7	nearly ready	2026-10-04 23:34:12 -04:00
Clifford Yapp	fec9d07d43	See if we can update CI to macos-15	2026-10-04 15:32:50 -04:00
Clifford Yapp	4b09d6227f	Try to shorten some of the NEWS lines	2026-10-02 19:22:07 -04:00
Clifford Yapp	eab1e82de2	Update NEWS for post-7.44 user-visible changes Add missing user-visible release notes from the 7.44-to-7.46 development range. Remove Itcl 4-only migration fixes, narrow the MGED editing claim to the ARB5 bug present in 7.44, and correct the historical PNTS attribution. Added item to source commit mapping: - shared OpenGL display-list state: `85de3929e5` - MGED fallback manual viewer: `0a8c6d8bc2`, `a00efd15c6` - GIST subprocess diagnostics: `0d6cc34a13`, `06c8ab6204` - GQA density validation and exit status: `6d142b62e7`, `cd55562c46` - ARBN inside support: `7b1898d9fd` - HYP edit label: `e4d297893e` - MGED BoT face selection: `0173dd8c40` - MGED view-mode panning and edit queries: `5e873e5081` - MGED middle-click rotation behavior: `3beed70eb8` - transactional rejected primitive edits: `13b0699349`, `58ab0d5496` - MGED startup prompt focus: `03b36c1b61` - Windows binary temporary files: `7358e90b54` - DSP, PNTS, and BoT ray intersections: `8f81f27d92`, `5c8092b4e6`, `de09372b73` - submodel transforms: `c45fb38aea`, `5c6563e2e2` - VOL data lookup and prep handling: `641a1fea5e`, `259e20ac56`, `e2cdfa3a6a` - MGED NIRT output and subprocess cleanup: `0d6cc34a13` - Windows subprocess argument preservation: `bcaebb24e1` - Windows drive-letter paths: `d4b902c599`, `c523397c03` - MGED gqa and rtcheck overlap plots: `75ef43ac37` - procedural tree use-after-free: `fa687de934` - gaia Earth generator and textures: `2f5be2c414`, `9e10743773`, `fee67ac743` - redirected Windows fbcolor input: `01c4a39932` - bwstat median and input errors: `2307575ef1` - NIRT trailing whitespace: `b5e03710eb`, `730b448973` - GIST hierarchy overflow rendering: `58b3c9c9c0` - MGED gqa option parsing: `da430b14d8` - rtxray grayscale output: `4608347774`, `f9055f240e` - submodel empty-file ASCII conversion: `c0059383e0` - PNTS get/adjust/form and ASCII conversion: `71cbe6ed71` - annotation get/adjust and ASCII conversion: `604be9f454` Corrections to existing items: - remove Itcl 4-only application-fix claims: `e78d0530f3` - retain the baseline ARB5 fix but drop pipe and sketch claims: `df19156341`, `6c092182a6`, `be97d86e4e` - move PNTS conversion support from 7.44 to 7.46: `71cbe6ed71` Reorder the existing facetize and pnts export entries to retain the newest-first organization of the release section.	2026-10-02 19:10:21 -04:00