v3.3.2 (#1428)

* try and fix build_wheels

* bump oneTBB version

* prod SDist

.clang-format

@@ -1 +1,4 @@
 BasedOnStyle: Google
+PointerAlignment: Left
+ReferenceAlignment: Left
+DerivePointerAlignment: false

.gersemirc

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+line_length: 80
+indent: 2

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+version: 2
+updates:
+  - package-ecosystem: "pip"
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "daily"

.github/workflows/build_wheels.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 name: build_wheels
 
-on: [release, workflow_dispatch]
+on:
+  release:
+    types: [published]
+  workflow_dispatch:
 
 jobs:
   build_wheels:
@@ -8,17 +11,56 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-22.04, windows-latest, macos-latest]
+        # macos-13: x86-64
+        # macos-14: arm64
+        os: [ubuntu-22.04, ubuntu-22.04-arm, windows-2025, macos-14, macos-13]
     steps:
       - run: |
           git config --global submodule.fetchJobs 8
           git config --global core.longpaths true
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-        with:
-          submodules: recursive
+      - if: matrix.os == 'macos-14'
+        run: echo "CIBW_ARCHS=arm64 universal2" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Build wheels
-        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.15.0
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+        uses: pypa/cibuildwheel@v2.23.0
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
+          name: python-${{ matrix.os }}
           path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
 
+  make_sdist:
+    name: Make SDist
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - name: Build SDist
+      run: pipx run build --sdist
+    - name: Confirm SDist can be built
+      run: |
+        # FIXME: why doesn't scikit_build_core automatically download ninja?
+        sudo apt-get update
+        sudo apt-get install ninja-build libtbb-dev
+        pip wheel dist/*.tar.gz
+    - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+      with:
+        name: python-sdist
+        path: dist/*.tar.gz
+
+  pypi-publish:
+    name: Upload release to PyPI
+    needs: [build_wheels, make_sdist]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    environment:
+      name: pypi
+      url: https://pypi.org/p/manifold3d
+    permissions:
+      id-token: write  # IMPORTANT: this permission is mandatory for trusted publishing
+    if: ${{ github.event_name == 'release' }}
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+      with:
+        pattern: python-*
+        merge-multiple: true
+        path: dist
+    - name: Publish package distributions to PyPI
+      uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1

.github/workflows/check_format.yml

@@ -8,14 +8,26 @@ on:
 
 jobs:
   check_format:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-    - uses: DoozyX/clang-format-lint-action@v0.14
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: DoozyX/clang-format-lint-action@v0.20
       with:
         source: '.'
         exclude: '*/third_party'
         extensions: 'h,cpp,js,ts,html'
-        clangFormatVersion: 12
+        clangFormatVersion: 20
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+      with:
+        python-version: '3.12' 
+        cache: 'pip'
+    - uses: psf/black@stable
+      with:
+        options: "--check --verbose"
+        src: "./bindings/python/examples"
+    # - name: "gersemi cmake check"
+    #   run: |
+    #     pip3 install gersemi
+    #     ./scripts/gersemi-check.sh
 

.github/workflows/deploy.yml

@@ -1,19 +1,21 @@
 name: Deploy documentation 
 
 on:
-  push:
-    branches:
-      - master
+  workflow_run:
+    workflows: [CI]
+    types:
+      - completed
+    branches: [master]
 
 jobs:
   deploy_github_pages:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
     - name: Doxygen Action
-      uses: mattnotmitt/doxygen-action@v1
+      uses: mattnotmitt/doxygen-action@edge
 
     - name: Move deployables
       run: |
@@ -22,14 +24,26 @@ jobs:
         mv ./docs ./public
 
     - name: Download built examples
-      uses: dawidd6/action-download-artifact@v2
+      uses: dawidd6/action-download-artifact@v6
       with:
         workflow: manifold.yml
         workflow_conclusion: completed
-        pr: ${{github.event.pull_request.number}}
+        # specific to the triggering workflow
+        run_id: ${{github.event.workflow_run.id}}
+        # do not download from old run
+        check_artifacts: true 
         name: wasm
         path: ./public
 
+    - name: Deploy Javascript Docs to Github Pages
+      run: |
+        cd bindings/wasm
+        cp ../../public/manifold.js .
+        cp ../../public/manifold.wasm .
+        npm install
+        npm run docs
+        mv ./docs ../../public/jsdocs
+
     - name: Deploy to Github Pages
       uses: peaceiris/actions-gh-pages@v3
       with:
@@ -37,4 +51,4 @@ jobs:
         publish_branch: gh-pages
         force_orphan: true
         cname: manifoldcad.org
-        publish_dir: ./public
+        publish_dir: ./public

.github/workflows/manifold.yml

@@ -10,225 +10,368 @@ on:
   pull_request:
     branches: [ master ]
 
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
 jobs:
   build:
+    name: GCC ${{matrix.gcc}} (CrossSection:${{matrix.cross_section}}, TBB:${{matrix.parallelization}})
     timeout-minutes: 45
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        parallel_backend: [NONE, TBB]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
-    if: github.event.pull_request.draft == false
+        cross_section: [ON]
+        parallelization: [OFF, ON]
+        os: [ubuntu-24.04]
+        gcc: [13, 14]
+        include:
+          - cross_section: OFF
+            parallelization: ON
+            os: ubuntu-24.04
+            gcc: 14
+          - cross_section: ON
+            parallelization: ON
+            os: ubuntu-22.04
+            gcc: 11
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    env:
+      CC: gcc-${{ matrix.gcc }}
+      CXX: g++-${{ matrix.gcc }}
     steps:
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+      with:
+        python-version: '3.x'
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: |
-        sudo apt-get -y update
-        DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive sudo apt install -y libglm-dev libgtest-dev libassimp-dev git libtbb-dev pkg-config libpython3-dev python3 python3-distutils python3-pip lcov
-        pip install trimesh
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        sudo apt-get update
+        sudo apt-get install libgtest-dev libassimp-dev git libtbb-dev pkg-config libpython3-dev lcov
+        python -m pip install -U trimesh pytest
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: jwlawson/actions-setup-cmake@v2
       with:
-        submodules: recursive
-    - uses: jwlawson/actions-setup-cmake@v1.12
-    - name: Build ${{matrix.backend}}
-      if: matrix.parallel_backend != 'NONE'
+        cmake-version: 4.0.2
+    - name: Build ${{matrix.parallelization}}
+      if: matrix.parallelization != 'OFF'
       run: |
         mkdir build
         cd build
-        cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON -DMANIFOLD_DEBUG=ON -DMANIFOLD_EXPORT=ON -DMANIFOLD_PAR=${{matrix.parallel_backend}} .. && make
-    - name: Test ${{matrix.parallel_backend}}
-      if: matrix.parallel_backend != 'NONE'
+        cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON -DMANIFOLD_PYBIND=ON -DMANIFOLD_DEBUG=ON -DMANIFOLD_ASSERT=ON -DMANIFOLD_FLAGS=-UNDEBUG -DMANIFOLD_CROSS_SECTION=${{matrix.cross_section}} -DMANIFOLD_EXPORT=ON -DMANIFOLD_PAR=${{matrix.parallelization}} .. && make
+    - name: Test ${{matrix.parallelization}}
+      if: matrix.parallelization != 'OFF'
       run: |
-        export PYTHONPATH=$PYTHONPATH:$(pwd)/build/bindings/python
         cd build/test
         ./manifold_test
-        cd ../../
+    - name: Test Python bindings ${{matrix.parallelization}}
+      if: matrix.parallelization != 'OFF' && matrix.cross_section == 'ON'
+      run: |
+        export PYTHONPATH=$PYTHONPATH:$(pwd)/build/bindings/python
         python3 bindings/python/examples/run_all.py -e
+        python3 -m pytest
     - name: Coverage Report
       # only do code coverage for default sequential backend, it seems that TBB
       # backend will cause failure
       # perhaps issue related to invalid memory access?
-      if: matrix.parallel_backend == 'NONE'
+      if: matrix.parallelization == 'OFF'
       run: |
         mkdir build
         cd build
-        cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON -DMANIFOLD_PAR=${{matrix.parallel_backend}} -DCODE_COVERAGE=ON .. && make
-        lcov --capture --initial --directory . --output-file ./code_coverage_init.info
+        cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON -DMANIFOLD_CROSS_SECTION=${{matrix.cross_section}} -DMANIFOLD_PAR=${{matrix.parallelization}} -DCODE_COVERAGE=ON .. && make
+        lcov --capture --gcov-tool gcov-${{ matrix.gcc }} --ignore-errors mismatch --initial --directory . --output-file ./code_coverage_init.info
         cd test
         ./manifold_test
         cd ../
-        lcov --capture --directory . --output-file ./code_coverage_test.info
+        lcov --capture --gcov-tool gcov-${{ matrix.gcc }} --ignore-errors mismatch --directory . --output-file ./code_coverage_test.info
         lcov --add-tracefile ./code_coverage_init.info --add-tracefile ./code_coverage_test.info --output-file ./code_coverage_total.info
-        lcov --remove ./code_coverage_total.info '/usr/*' '*/third_party/*' '*/test/*' '*/extras/*' '*/bindings/*' --output-file ./code_coverage.info
-    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@v2
-      if: matrix.parallel_backend == 'NONE'
+        lcov --extract ./code_coverage_total.info "/*/manifold/src/*" --output-file ./code_coverage.info
+        cd ../
+    - uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5
+      if: matrix.parallelization == 'OFF'
       with:
+        disable_search: true
         files: build/code_coverage.info
         fail_ci_if_error: false
-        name: ${{matrix.parallel_backend}}
-
-  build_cbind:
-    timeout-minutes: 30
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
-    if: github.event.pull_request.draft == false
-    steps:
-    - name: Install dependencies
+        name: ${{matrix.parallelization}}
+        token: ${{secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN}}
+        verbose: true
+    - name: test cmake consumer
       run: |
-        sudo apt-get -y update
-        DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive sudo apt install -y libgtest-dev libglm-dev libassimp-dev git libtbb-dev pkg-config libpython3-dev python3 python3-distutils python3-pip
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      with:
-        submodules: recursive
-    - uses: jwlawson/actions-setup-cmake@v1.12
-    - name: Build C bindings with TBB
-      run: |
-        mkdir build
         cd build
-        cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON -DMANIFOLD_DEBUG=ON -DMANIFOLD_CBIND=ON -DMANIFOLD_PAR=TBB .. && make
-    - name: Test ${{matrix.parallel_backend}}
-      run: |
-        cd build/test
-        ./manifold_test --gtest_filter=CBIND.*
+        sudo cmake --install .
+        cd ..
+        ./scripts/test-cmake.sh
 
   build_wasm:
+    name: WASM (TBB:${{matrix.parallelization}}, DEBUG:${{matrix.debug}})
     timeout-minutes: 30
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
-    if: github.event.pull_request.draft == false
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        parallelization: [OFF, ON]
+        debug: [OFF, ON]
     steps:
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: |
         sudo apt-get -y update
-        DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive sudo apt install -y nodejs libglm-dev 
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      with:
-        submodules: recursive
+        DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive sudo apt install -y nodejs
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
     - name: Setup WASM
       run: |
         # setup emscripten
         git clone https://github.com/emscripten-core/emsdk.git
         cd emsdk
-        ./emsdk install latest
-        ./emsdk activate latest
-    - uses: jwlawson/actions-setup-cmake@v1.12
-    - name: Build WASM
+        ./emsdk install 3.1.64
+        ./emsdk activate 3.1.64
+    - uses: jwlawson/actions-setup-cmake@v2
+    - name: Build WASM ${{matrix.parallelization}}
       run: |
         source ./emsdk/emsdk_env.sh
         mkdir build
         cd build
-        emcmake cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release .. && emmake make
+        emcmake cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=MinSizeRel -DMANIFOLD_PAR=${{matrix.parallelization}} -DMANIFOLD_USE_BUILTIN_TBB=ON -DMANIFOLD_DEBUG=${{matrix.debug}} -DMANIFOLD_ASSERT=${{matrix.debug}} .. && emmake make
     - name: Test WASM
+      if: matrix.parallelization == 'OFF'
       run: |
         cd build/test
         node ./manifold_test.js
-    - name: Test examples
+    - name: Run unit tests
+      if: matrix.parallelization == 'OFF'
+      run: |
+        cd bindings/wasm
+        npm ci
+        npm run build
+        npm test
+    - name: Isolated npm smoke test
+      if: matrix.parallelization == 'OFF'
+      run: |
+        set -ev -o pipefail
+        cd bindings/wasm
+        wasmpath=$(pwd)
+        npmtestpath=../npmtest
+        # Create an npm package.
+        npm ci && npm pack
+        # Install it in an empty directory.
+        mkdir -p ${npmtestpath} && cd ${npmtestpath}
+        npm install ${wasmpath}/manifold-3d*.tgz
+        cp ${wasmpath}/test/fixtures/npm/* .
+        # Positive case smoke test.
+        npx manifold-cad ./unitSphere.mjs ./unitSphere.glb && echo "Positive smoke test succeeded"
+        # Negative case smoke test.
+        npx manifold-cad ./unitSphereNoManifoldImport.mjs ./unitSphereNoManifoldImport.glb || echo "Negative smoke test failed as expected"
+    - name: Build examples
+      if: matrix.parallelization == 'OFF'
       run: |
         cd bindings/wasm/examples
         npm ci
         npm run build
-        npm test
+        cp ../manifold.* ./dist/
     - name: Upload WASM files
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+      if: github.event_name == 'push' && matrix.parallelization == 'OFF' && matrix.debug == 'OFF'
       with:
         name: wasm
         path: bindings/wasm/examples/dist/
         retention-days: 90
+        overwrite: true
+
+  build_fuzzer:
+    name: fuzzer
+    timeout-minutes: 30
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    steps:
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      run: |
+        sudo apt-get -y update
+        DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive sudo apt install -y libgtest-dev clang
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: jwlawson/actions-setup-cmake@v2
+    - name: Build
+      run: |
+        mkdir build
+        cd build
+        cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RelWithDebInfo -DMANIFOLD_DEBUG=ON -DMANIFOLD_FUZZ=ON -DMANIFOLD_PYBIND=OFF -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang++ ..
+        make
+
+  build_fuzzer_mac:
+    name: fuzzer mac
+    timeout-minutes: 30
+    runs-on: macos-latest
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - name: Install common dependencies
+      run: |
+        brew install googletest
+    - uses: jwlawson/actions-setup-cmake@v2
+      with:
+        cmake-version: 3.31.6
+    - name: Build
+      run: |
+        mkdir build
+        cd build
+        cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RelWithDebInfo -DMANIFOLD_DEBUG=ON -DMANIFOLD_FUZZ=ON -DMANIFOLD_PYBIND=OFF -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang++ -DMANIFOLD_PAR=OFF ..
+        ASAN_OPTIONS=detect_container_overflow=0 make
 
   build_windows:
+    name: Windows (TBB:${{matrix.parallelization}}, SHARED:${{matrix.shared}})
     timeout-minutes: 30
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        parallel_backend: [NONE, TBB]
-      max-parallel: 1
-    runs-on: windows-2019
-    if: github.event.pull_request.draft == false
+        parallelization: [OFF, ON]
+        shared: [OFF, ON]
+    runs-on: windows-2025
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: jwlawson/actions-setup-cmake@v2
       with:
-        submodules: recursive
-    - uses: jwlawson/actions-setup-cmake@v1.12
+        cmake-version: 4.0.2
     - uses: ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd@v1
-    - name: Build ${{matrix.backend}}
+    - name: Build ${{matrix.parallelization}}
       shell: powershell
       run: |
-        cmake . -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -B build -DMANIFOLD_DEBUG=ON -DPYBIND11_FINDPYTHON=OFF -DMANIFOLD_PAR=${{matrix.parallel_backend}} -A x64
+        cmake . -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=${{matrix.shared}} -DMANIFOLD_USE_BUILTIN_TBB=ON -DMANIFOLD_DEBUG=ON -DMANIFOLD_ASSERT=ON -DMANIFOLD_PAR=${{matrix.parallelization}} -A x64 -B build
         cd build
         cmake --build . --target ALL_BUILD --config Release
-    - name: Test ${{matrix.parallel_backend}}
+    - name: Test dll location
+      if: matrix.shared == 'ON'
       shell: bash
       run: |
-        cd build/test
-        ./Release/manifold_test.exe
+        ls ./build/lib/Release
+        [ -f ./build/lib/Release/manifold.dll ]
+        [ -f ./build/lib/Release/manifoldc.dll ]
+    - name: Test
+      shell: bash
+      run: |
+        cp ./build/lib/Release/* ./build/bin/Release
+        cd build/bin/Release
+        ./manifold_test.exe
+        cd ../../
+    - name: test cmake consumer
+      run: |
+        cd build
+        cmake --install .
+        cd ..
+        ./scripts/test-cmake.sh
 
   build_mxe:
+    name: MXE (TBB:${{matrix.parallelization == 'ON'}})
     timeout-minutes: 30
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        parallel_backend: [NONE, TBB]
-      max-parallel: 1
+        parallelization: [OFF, ON]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     container: openscad/mxe-x86_64-gui:latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      with:
-        submodules: recursive
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
     - name: Build
       run: |
         mkdir build
         cd build
-        cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON -DMANIFOLD_PYBIND=OFF -DMANIFOLD_DEBUG=ON -DMANIFOLD_PAR=${{matrix.parallel_backend}} .. && make
-    - name: Test
-      run: |
-        cd build/test
-        ./manifold_test
+        export MXEDIR=/mxe
+        export MXE_TARGETS=x86_64-w64-mingw32.static.posix
+        export MXEDIR=$HOME/openscad_deps/mxe
+        export MXETARGETDIR=$MXEDIR/usr/$MXE_TARGETS
+        export PATH=/mxe/usr/bin:$PATH
+        export CMAKE=$MXE_TARGETS-cmake
+        $CMAKE -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF -DMANIFOLD_PYBIND=OFF -DMANIFOLD_CBIND=ON -DMANIFOLD_DEBUG=ON -DMANIFOLD_PAR=${{matrix.parallelization}} .. && make
 
   build_mac:
+    name: MacOS (TBB:${{matrix.parallelization == 'ON'}}, shared lib:${{matrix.shared == 'ON'}}, ${{matrix.os}})
     timeout-minutes: 30
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        parallel_backend: [NONE, TBB]
-    runs-on: macos-latest
-    if: github.event.pull_request.draft == false
+        parallelization: [OFF, ON]
+        shared: [OFF, ON]
+        # macos-13: intel
+        # macos-latest: arm
+        os: [macos-13, macos-latest]
+    runs-on: ${{matrix.os}}
     steps:
     - name: Install common dependencies
       run: |
-        brew install pkg-config googletest assimp
-        pip install trimesh
+        brew install googletest assimp
+        pip install trimesh pytest
     - name: Install TBB
-      if: matrix.parallel_backend == 'TBB'
+      if: matrix.parallelization == 'ON'
       run: brew install tbb
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: jwlawson/actions-setup-cmake@v2
       with:
-        submodules: recursive
-    - uses: jwlawson/actions-setup-cmake@v1.12
+        cmake-version: 4.0.2
     - name: Build
       run: |
         mkdir build
         cd build
-        cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON -DMANIFOLD_DEBUG=ON -DMANIFOLD_EXPORT=ON -DMANIFOLD_PAR=${{matrix.parallel_backend}} .. && make
+        cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=${{matrix.shared}} -DMANIFOLD_DEBUG=ON -DMANIFOLD_ASSERT=ON -DMANIFOLD_PYBIND=ON -DMANIFOLD_EXPORT=ON -DMANIFOLD_PAR=${{matrix.parallelization}} .. && make
     - name: Test
       run: |
         cd build/test
         ./manifold_test
+        cd ../../
+    - name: test cmake consumer
+      run: |
+        cd build
+        sudo cmake --install .
+        cd ..
+        ./scripts/test-cmake.sh
+    - name: test pkg-config consumer
+      if: matrix.shared == 'ON'
+      run: |
+        LDFLAGS=-Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/lib ./scripts/test-pkgconfig.sh
+
+  build_mac_builtin_tbb:
+    timeout-minutes: 30
+    runs-on: macos-latest
+    steps:
+    - name: Install common dependencies
+      run: |
+        brew install googletest
+        pip install trimesh pytest
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: jwlawson/actions-setup-cmake@v2
+      with:
+        cmake-version: 4.0.2
+    - name: Build
+      run: |
+        mkdir build
+        cd build
+        cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON -DMANIFOLD_USE_BUILTIN_TBB=ON -DMANIFOLD_DEBUG=ON -DMANIFOLD_ASSERT=ON -DMANIFOLD_PYBIND=OFF -DMANIFOLD_PAR=ON .. && make
+    - name: Test
+      run: |
+        cd build/test
+        ./manifold_test
+        cd ../../
+    - name: test cmake consumer
+      run: |
+        cd build
+        sudo cmake --install .
+        cd ..
+        ./scripts/test-cmake.sh
+        LDFLAGS=-Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/lib ./scripts/test-pkgconfig.sh
+
+  build_mac_builtin_tbb_subdir:
+    timeout-minutes: 30
+    runs-on: macos-latest
+    steps:
+    - name: Install common dependencies
+      run: |
+        brew install googletest
+        pip install trimesh pytest
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: jwlawson/actions-setup-cmake@v2
+      with:
+        cmake-version: 4.0.2
+    - name: test cmake consumer
+      run: |
+        cd ..
+        ./manifold/scripts/test-cmake-subdir.sh
 
   build_nix:
     timeout-minutes: 30
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        variant: [none, tbb, js]
+        variant: [manifold-none, manifold-tbb, manifold-js, manifold-js-tbb, manifold3d]
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: github.event.pull_request.draft == false
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      with:
-        submodules: recursive
-    - uses: cachix/install-nix-action@v22
-    - run: nix build -L '.?submodules=1#manifold-${{matrix.variant}}'
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: DeterminateSystems/nix-installer-action@main
+    - run: nix build -L '.?submodules=1#${{matrix.variant}}'
 
-  build_nix_python:
-    timeout-minutes: 30
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    if: github.event.pull_request.draft == false
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      with:
-        submodules: recursive
-    - uses: cachix/install-nix-action@v22
-    - run: nix build -L '.?submodules=1#manifold3d'

.github/workflows/publish_npm.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+name: publish_npm
+
+on:
+  release:
+    types: [published]
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+jobs:
+  publish_npm:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+    - name: Setup Node
+      uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+      with:
+        node-version: 20
+        registry-url: 'https://registry.npmjs.org'
+
+    - name: Download built examples
+      uses: dawidd6/action-download-artifact@v6
+      with:
+        workflow: manifold.yml
+        workflow_conclusion: completed
+        branch: master
+        check_artifacts: true
+        name: wasm
+        path: ./bindings/wasm/
+
+    - name: Publish to npm
+      run: |
+        cd ./bindings/wasm/
+        npm install
+        npm publish
+      env:
+        NODE_AUTH_TOKEN: ${{secrets.NPM_TOKEN}}

.github/workflows/release_file.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+name: Release File
+
+on:
+  release:
+    types: [published]
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+jobs:
+  upload_archive:
+    name: Upload archive
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - run: |
+          ref=${{ github.ref_name }}
+          echo "release_name=manifold-${ref#v}" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.release_name }}
+          submodules: recursive
+      - name: Build archive
+        run: >
+          tar --exclude=".git*" -cz ${{ env.release_name }} -f ${{ env.release_name }}.tar.gz
+      - name: Log checksum
+        run: >
+          sha256sum ${{ env.release_name }}.tar.gz
+      - name: Add file to release
+        run: |
+          cd ${{ env.release_name }} || exit 1
+          gh release upload ${{ github.ref_name }} ../${{ env.release_name }}.tar.gz
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN}}

.gitignore

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 *.slo
 *.lo
 *.o
-*.obj
 
 # Precompiled Headers
 *.gch
@@ -112,11 +111,27 @@ node_modules/
 bindings/wasm/examples/built
 bindings/wasm/examples/dist
 bindings/wasm/examples/public/manifold*
+bindings/wasm/docs
 __pycache__
 .vscode/c_cpp_properties.json
 *.sublime-project
 *.sublime-workspace
 .cache
+CMakeUserPresets.json
+CMakeSettings.json
 
 # PyCharm
-.idea
+.idea
+
+# Temporary files
+*~
+\#*\#
+.\#*
+[._]*.s[a-v][a-z]
+[._]*.sw[a-p]
+[._]s[a-v][a-z]
+[._]sw[a-p]
+
+# Benchmark stl files
+extras/ember_tests/testfiles/raw_meshes
+

.gitmodules

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-[submodule "src/third_party/clipper2"]
-	path = src/third_party/clipper2
-	url = https://github.com/AngusJohnson/clipper2
-[submodule "src/third_party/quickhull"]
-	path = src/third_party/quickhull
-	url = https://github.com/akuukka/quickhull
-[submodule "bindings/python/third_party/nanobind"]
-	path = bindings/python/third_party/nanobind
-	url = https://github.com/wjakob/nanobind

.vscode/launch.json

@@ -6,12 +6,13 @@
   "configurations": [
     {
       "name": "manifold test",
-      "type": "cppdbg",
+      "type": "lldb-dap",
+      "MIMode": "lldb",
       "request": "launch",
       "program": "${workspaceFolder}/build/test/manifold_test",
       "args": [
-        "--gtest_break_on_failure",
-        "--gtest_filter=Manifold.GetMesh"
+        "--gtest_catch_exceptions=0",
+        "--gtest_filter=Manifold.Simplify"
       ],
       "stopAtEntry": false,
       "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}/build/test",
@@ -20,7 +21,8 @@
           "name": "MALLOC_CHECK_",
           "value": "2"
         }
-      ]
+      ],
+      "externalConsole": false
     }
   ]
 }

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -108,17 +108,29 @@
     "latch": "cpp",
     "semaphore": "cpp",
     "span": "cpp",
-    "__sso_allocator": "cpp"
+    "__sso_allocator": "cpp",
+    "source_location": "cpp",
+    "format": "cpp",
+    "numbers": "cpp",
+    "ranges": "cpp",
+    "stop_token": "cpp",
+    "execution": "cpp",
+    "csetjmp": "cpp",
+    "cuchar": "cpp",
+    "propagate_const": "cpp",
+    "scoped_allocator": "cpp"
   },
   "C_Cpp.clang_format_fallbackStyle": "google",
   "editor.formatOnSave": true,
   "cmake.configureArgs": [
     "-DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON",
     "-DMANIFOLD_CBIND=ON",
+    "-DMANIFOLD_PYBIND=ON",
     "-DMANIFOLD_EXPORT=ON",
     "-DMANIFOLD_DEBUG=ON",
-    "-DMANIFOLD_USE_CUDA=OFF",
-    "-DMANIFOLD_PAR=TBB",
+    "-DMANIFOLD_ASSERT=ON",
+    "-DMANIFOLD_PAR=ON",
+    "-DMANIFOLD_FUZZ=OFF",
     "-DCODE_COVERAGE=OFF",
     "-DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS=''" //'-fsanitize=address,undefined'"
   ],
@@ -137,7 +149,9 @@
     "halfedge",
     "halfedges",
     "Tris",
-    "Verts"
+    "Verts",
+    "Voxel",
+    "voxels"
   ],
   "javascript.format.semicolons": "insert",
   "[python]": {
@@ -145,4 +159,8 @@
   },
   "python.formatting.provider": "none",
   "clang-format.executable": "clang-format",
+  "clangd.arguments": [
+    "--header-insertion=never"
+  ],
+  "editor.defaultFormatter": "xaver.clang-format",
 }

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -15,83 +15,311 @@
 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.18)
 project(manifold LANGUAGES CXX)
 
+# Use C++17
+set(CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS OFF)
+set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
+set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
+
 set(CMAKE_VERBOSE_MAKEFILE ON)
 
-set(MANIFOLD_PAR "NONE" CACHE STRING "Parallel backend, either \"TBB\" or \"NONE\"")
-set(MANIFOLD_FLAGS "" CACHE STRING "Manifold compiler flags")
-option(MANIFOLD_EXPORT "Build mesh export (via assimp) utility library" OFF)
-option(MANIFOLD_TEST "Enable testing suite" ON)
+include(CTest)
+enable_testing()
+include(GNUInstallDirs)
+include(CMakeDependentOption)
+
+# Define Manifold version
+set(MANIFOLD_VERSION_MAJOR 3)
+set(MANIFOLD_VERSION_MINOR 3)
+set(MANIFOLD_VERSION_PATCH 2)
+set(
+  MANIFOLD_VERSION
+  "${MANIFOLD_VERSION_MAJOR}.${MANIFOLD_VERSION_MINOR}.${MANIFOLD_VERSION_PATCH}"
+)
+
+# Primary user facing options
+option(MANIFOLD_CROSS_SECTION "Build CrossSection for 2D support" ON)
 option(MANIFOLD_DEBUG "Enable debug tracing/timing" OFF)
+option(MANIFOLD_ASSERT "Enable assertions - requires MANIFOLD_DEBUG" OFF)
+option(MANIFOLD_STRICT "Treat compile warnings as fatal build errors" ON)
+option(
+  MANIFOLD_DOWNLOADS
+  "Allow Manifold build to download missing dependencies"
+  ON
+)
+option(MANIFOLD_EXPORT "Build mesh export (via assimp) utility library" OFF)
+option(MANIFOLD_PAR "Enable Parallel backend" OFF)
+option(
+  MANIFOLD_OPTIMIZED
+  "Force optimized build, even with debugging enabled"
+  OFF
+)
+option(MANIFOLD_TEST "Enable testing suite" ON)
+option(MANIFOLD_PYBIND "Build python bindings" OFF)
+# MANIFOLD_CBIND is only available when MANIFOLD_CROSS_SECTION is enabled
+cmake_dependent_option(
+  MANIFOLD_CBIND
+  "Build C (FFI) bindings"
+  ON
+  "MANIFOLD_CROSS_SECTION"
+  OFF
+)
+# MANIFOLD_JSBIND is only available when building with Emscripten
+cmake_dependent_option(
+  MANIFOLD_JSBIND
+  "Build js binding"
+  ON
+  "EMSCRIPTEN"
+  OFF
+)
+# These three options can force the build to avoid using the system version of
+# the dependency
+# This will either use the provided source directory via
+# FETCHCONTENT_SOURCE_DIR_XXX, or fetch the source from GitHub.
+# Note that the dependency will be built as static dependency to avoid dynamic
+# library conflict.
+# When the system package is unavailable, the option will be automatically set
+# to true.
+option(MANIFOLD_USE_BUILTIN_TBB "Use builtin tbb" OFF)
+option(MANIFOLD_USE_BUILTIN_CLIPPER2 "Use builtin clipper2" OFF)
+option(MANIFOLD_USE_BUILTIN_NANOBIND "Use builtin nanobind" OFF)
 
-option(MANIFOLD_PYBIND "Build python bindings" ON)
-option(MANIFOLD_CBIND "Build C (FFI) bindings" OFF)
-option(MANIFOLD_JSBIND "Build js binding" ${EMSCRIPTEN})
+# default to Release build
+option(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE "Build type" Release)
+# default to building shared library
+option(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS "Build shared library" ON)
+# Set some option values in the CMake cache
+set(MANIFOLD_FLAGS "" CACHE STRING "Manifold compiler flags")
 
-option(TRACY_ENABLE "Use tracy profiling" OFF) 
+# Development options
+option(TRACY_ENABLE "Use tracy profiling" OFF)
 option(TRACY_MEMORY_USAGE "Track memory allocation with tracy (expensive)" OFF)
-option(BUILD_TEST_CGAL "Build CGAL performance comparisons" OFF)
+option(MANIFOLD_FUZZ "Enable fuzzing tests" OFF)
+mark_as_advanced(TRACY_ENABLE)
+mark_as_advanced(TRACY_MEMORY_USAGE)
+mark_as_advanced(MANIFOLD_FUZZ)
+
+# Always build position independent code for relocatability
+set(CMAKE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE ON)
+
+# Various Compiler Flags
+if(MANIFOLD_FUZZ)
+  # we should enable debug checks
+  set(MANIFOLD_DEBUG ON)
+  # enable fuzztest fuzzing mode
+  set(FUZZTEST_FUZZING_MODE ON)
+  # address sanitizer required
+  add_compile_options(-fsanitize=address)
+  add_link_options(-fsanitize=address)
+endif()
+
 if(TRACY_ENABLE)
   option(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE "Build type" RelWithDebInfo)
-  if(TRACY_MEMORY_USAGE)
-    set(MANIFOLD_FLAGS ${MANIFOLD_FLAGS} -DTRACY_MEMORY_USAGE)
-  endif()
-  if(NOT MSVC)
-  set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -fno-omit-frame-pointer")
-  endif()
-else()
-  option(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE "Build type" Release)
 endif()
 
 if(EMSCRIPTEN)
   message("Building for Emscripten")
-  set(MANIFOLD_FLAGS -fexceptions -D_LIBCUDACXX_HAS_THREAD_API_EXTERNAL -D_LIBCUDACXX_HAS_THREAD_API_CUDA)
-  set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS} -sALLOW_MEMORY_GROWTH=1 -fexceptions -sDISABLE_EXCEPTION_CATCHING=0")
-  set(MANIFOLD_PYBIND OFF)
-endif()
-
-if(MANIFOLD_PYBIND)
-  set(CMAKE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE ON)
-  if(Python_VERSION VERSION_LESS 3.12)
-    find_package(Python COMPONENTS Interpreter Development.Module REQUIRED)
-  else()
-    find_package(Python COMPONENTS Interpreter Development.SABIModule REQUIRED)
+  add_link_options(-sALLOW_MEMORY_GROWTH=1)
+  add_link_options(-sMAXIMUM_MEMORY=4294967296)
+  if(MANIFOLD_PAR)
+    set(CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT "-pthread")
+    add_compile_options(-pthread)
+    # mimalloc is needed for good performance
+    add_link_options(-sMALLOC=mimalloc)
+    add_link_options(-sPTHREAD_POOL_SIZE=4)
+    # The default stack size apparently causes problem when parallelization is
+    # enabled.
+    add_link_options(-sSTACK_SIZE=30MB)
+    add_link_options(-sINITIAL_MEMORY=32MB)
   endif()
+  if(MANIFOLD_DEBUG)
+    list(APPEND MANIFOLD_FLAGS -fexceptions)
+    add_link_options(-fexceptions)
+    add_link_options(-sDISABLE_EXCEPTION_CATCHING=0)
+  endif()
+  set(MANIFOLD_PYBIND OFF)
+  set(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS OFF)
 endif()
 
 if(CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS AND NOT EMSCRIPTEN)
   # for nixos
-  set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES 
-      ${CMAKE_CXX_IMPLICIT_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES})
+  set(
+    CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES
+    ${CMAKE_CXX_IMPLICIT_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES}
+  )
 endif()
 
-if (MSVC)
-  set(MANIFOLD_FLAGS ${MANIFOLD_FLAGS} /DNOMINMAX)
+if(MSVC)
+  list(APPEND MANIFOLD_FLAGS /DNOMINMAX /bigobj)
 else()
-  if (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "GNU")
-    set(WARNING_FLAGS -Werror -Wall -Wno-sign-compare -Wno-unused -Wno-array-bounds -Wno-stringop-overflow)
-  else()
-    set(WARNING_FLAGS -Werror -Wall -Wno-sign-compare -Wno-unused)
+  list(
+    APPEND
+    WARNING_FLAGS
+    -Wall
+    -Wno-unknown-warning-option
+    -Wno-unused
+    -Wno-shorten-64-to-32
+  )
+  if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL "Windows")
+    if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "GNU")
+      list(APPEND WARNING_FLAGS -Wno-format)
+    endif()
+  elseif(PROJECT_IS_TOP_LEVEL)
+    # only do -Werror if we are the top level project and
+    # MANIFOLD_STRICT is on
+    if(MANIFOLD_STRICT)
+      list(APPEND WARNING_FLAGS -Werror)
+    endif()
+  endif()
+  list(APPEND MANIFOLD_FLAGS ${WARNING_FLAGS})
+  if(
+    MANIFOLD_OPTIMIZED
+    OR "${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}" STREQUAL "Release"
+    OR "${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}" STREQUAL "RelWithDebInfo"
+  )
+    list(APPEND MANIFOLD_FLAGS -O3)
+  endif()
+  if("${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}" STREQUAL "RelWithDebInfo")
+    list(APPEND MANIFOLD_FLAGS -fno-omit-frame-pointer)
+  endif()
+  if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "GNU")
+    # disable fp math optimizations, e.g. FMA for supported architectures, as
+    # this changes floating-point results
+    # clang defaults to -ffp-contract=off so we don't have to set that
+    include(CheckCXXCompilerFlag)
+    check_cxx_compiler_flag(-ffp-contract=off HAS_FP_CONTRACT)
+    check_cxx_compiler_flag(-fexcess-precision=standard HAS_FP_PRECISION)
+    if(HAS_FP_CONTRACT)
+      list(APPEND MANIFOLD_FLAGS -ffp-contract=off)
+    endif()
+    if(HAS_FP_PRECISION)
+      list(APPEND MANIFOLD_FLAGS -fexcess-precision=standard)
+    endif()
+  endif()
+  if(CODE_COVERAGE)
+    list(
+      APPEND
+      MANIFOLD_FLAGS
+      -coverage
+      -fno-inline-small-functions
+      -fkeep-inline-functions
+      -fkeep-static-functions
+    )
+    add_link_options(-coverage)
   endif()
-  set(MANIFOLD_FLAGS ${MANIFOLD_FLAGS} ${WARNING_FLAGS} -O3)
 endif()
 
-if(CODE_COVERAGE AND NOT MSVC)
-  set(COVERAGE_FLAGS -coverage -fno-inline-small-functions -fkeep-inline-functions -fkeep-static-functions)
-  set(MANIFOLD_FLAGS ${MANIFOLD_FLAGS} ${COVERAGE_FLAGS})
-  add_link_options("-coverage")
-endif()
+# RPath settings
+set(CMAKE_SKIP_BUILD_RPATH FALSE)
+set(CMAKE_BUILD_WITH_INSTALL_RPATH FALSE)
+set(CMAKE_INSTALL_RPATH ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR})
+set(CMAKE_INSTALL_RPATH_USE_LINK_PATH TRUE)
+list(
+  FIND
+  CMAKE_PLATFORM_IMPLICIT_LINK_DIRECTORIES
+  ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}
+  isSystemDir
+)
+if("${isSystemDir}" STREQUAL "-1")
+  set(CMAKE_INSTALL_RPATH ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR})
+endif("${isSystemDir}" STREQUAL "-1")
 
-include(GNUInstallDirs)
+include(${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/manifoldDeps.cmake)
+include(${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/configHelper.cmake)
 
 add_subdirectory(src)
 add_subdirectory(bindings)
-
-if(MANIFOLD_EXPORT)
-  add_subdirectory(meshIO)
-endif()
-
 if(MANIFOLD_TEST)
   add_subdirectory(samples)
   add_subdirectory(test)
   add_subdirectory(extras)
 endif()
+
+include(${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/info.cmake)
+
+# note that the path ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/include is included when we
+# build the manifold target (as ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include), so users can
+# include manifold/version.h without installing our library.
+configure_file(
+  cmake/version.h.in
+  ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/include/manifold/version.h
+  @ONLY
+)
+set_source_files_properties(
+  ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/include/manifold/version.h
+  PROPERTIES GENERATED TRUE
+)
+
+# If it's an EMSCRIPTEN build, we're done
+if(EMSCRIPTEN)
+  return()
+endif()
+
+# CMake exports
+configure_file(
+  cmake/manifoldConfig.cmake.in
+  ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/manifoldConfig.cmake
+  @ONLY
+)
+include(CMakePackageConfigHelpers)
+write_basic_package_version_file(
+  ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/cmake/manifoldConfigVersion.cmake
+  VERSION ${MANIFOLD_VERSION}
+  COMPATIBILITY SameMajorVersion
+)
+
+# Location of inputs for CMake find_package - see:
+# https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/command/find_package.html
+set(EXPORT_INSTALL_DIR ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/cmake)
+
+install(
+  EXPORT manifoldTargets
+  NAMESPACE manifold::
+  DESTINATION ${EXPORT_INSTALL_DIR}/manifold
+)
+install(
+  FILES
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/cmake/manifoldConfigVersion.cmake
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/manifoldConfig.cmake
+  DESTINATION ${EXPORT_INSTALL_DIR}/manifold
+)
+
+# install public headers
+set(
+  MANIFOLD_PUBLIC_HDRS
+  common.h
+  linalg.h
+  manifold.h
+  optional_assert.h
+  polygon.h
+  vec_view.h
+  $<$<BOOL:${MANIFOLD_CROSS_SECTION}>:cross_section.h>
+  $<$<BOOL:${MANIFOLD_EXPORT}>:meshIO.h>
+)
+list(TRANSFORM MANIFOLD_PUBLIC_HDRS PREPEND include/manifold/)
+list(
+  APPEND
+  MANIFOLD_PUBLIC_HDRS
+  ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/include/manifold/version.h
+)
+
+install(
+  FILES ${MANIFOLD_PUBLIC_HDRS}
+  DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}/manifold
+)
+
+# PkgConfig file
+if(MANIFOLD_PAR)
+  set(TEMPLATE_OPTIONAL_TBB "tbb")
+endif()
+if(MANIFOLD_CROSS_SECTION)
+  set(TEMPLATE_OPTIONAL_CLIPPER "Clipper2")
+endif()
+configure_file(
+  cmake/manifold.pc.in
+  ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/manifold.pc
+  @ONLY
+)
+install(
+  FILES ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/manifold.pc
+  DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/pkgconfig
+)

README.md

@@ -1,58 +1,92 @@
+# About Manifold
+
 [![codecov](https://codecov.io/github/elalish/manifold/branch/master/graph/badge.svg?token=IIA8G5HVS7)](https://codecov.io/github/elalish/manifold)
+[![PyPI version](https://badge.fury.io/py/manifold3d.svg)](https://badge.fury.io/py/manifold3d)
+[![npm version](https://badge.fury.io/js/manifold-3d.svg)](https://badge.fury.io/js/manifold-3d)
 [![twitter](https://img.shields.io/twitter/follow/manifoldcad?style=social&logo=twitter)](https://twitter.com/intent/follow?screen_name=manifoldcad)
 
+[**C++ Documentation**](https://manifoldcad.org/docs/html/classmanifold_1_1_manifold.html) | [**TS Documentation**](https://manifoldcad.org/jsdocs) | [**Algorithm Documentation**](https://github.com/elalish/manifold/wiki/Manifold-Library) | [**Blog Posts**](https://elalish.blogspot.com/search/label/Manifold) | [**Web Examples**](https://manifoldcad.org/model-viewer.html)
+
+[Manifold](https://github.com/elalish/manifold) is a geometry library dedicated to creating and operating on manifold triangle meshes. A [manifold mesh](https://github.com/elalish/manifold/wiki/Manifold-Library#manifoldness) is a mesh that represents a solid object, and so is very important in manufacturing, CAD, structural analysis, etc. Manifold also supports arbitrary vertex properties and enables mapping of materials for rendering use-cases. Our primary goal is reliability: guaranteed manifold output without caveats or edge cases. Our secondary goal is performance: efficient algorithms that make extensive use of parallelization, or pipelining when only a single thread is available.
+
 ## Users
 
-[OpenSCAD](https://openscad.org/), [IFCjs](https://ifcjs.github.io/info/), [Grid.Space](https://grid.space/), and [OCADml](https://github.com/OCADml/OManifold) have all integrated our Manifold geometry kernel! Why? Because its reliability is guaranteed and it's 1,000 times faster than other libraries. See our [usage](https://github.com/elalish/manifold/discussions/340) and [performance](https://github.com/elalish/manifold/discussions/383) discussions for all the latest and to add your own projects & analyses.
+Here is an incomplete list of our users, whose integrations may be anywhere from in-progress to released. Please feel free to send a PR to update this list with your own project - it's quite difficult for us to keep track.
 
-For example, here is a log-log plot of Manifold's performance vs. earlier OpenSCAD geometry backends:
+| | | |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| [OpenSCAD](https://openscad.org/) | [Blender](https://www.blender.org/) | [IFCjs](https://ifcjs.github.io/info/) |
+| [Nomad Sculpt](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/id1519508653?mt=8&platform=ipad) | [Grid.Space](https://grid.space/) | [badcad](https://github.com/wrongbad/badcad) |
+| [Godot Engine](https://godotengine.org/) | [OCADml](https://github.com/OCADml/OManifold) | [Flitter](https://flitter.readthedocs.io/en/latest/) |
+| [BRL-CAD](https://brlcad.org/) | [PolygonJS](https://polygonjs.com/) | [Spherene](https://spherene.ch/) |
+| [Babylon.js](https://doc.babylonjs.com/features/featuresDeepDive/mesh/mergeMeshes#merging-meshes-with-constructive-solid-geometry) | [trimesh](https://trimesh.org/) | [Gypsum](https://github.com/playkostudios/gypsum) |
+| [Valence 3D](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/valence-3d/id6450967410?mt=8&platform=ipad) | [bitbybit.dev](https://bitbybit.dev) | [PythonOpenSCAD](https://github.com/owebeeone/pythonopenscad) |
+| [Conversation](https://james-bern.github.io/conversation.html) | [AnchorSCAD](https://github.com/owebeeone/anchorscad-core) | [Dactyl Web Configurator](https://github.com/rianadon/dactyl-configurator) |
+| [Arcol](https://arcol.io) | [Bento3D](https://bento3d.design) |  [Cadova](https://github.com/tomasf/Cadova)  |
+|  [BREP.io](https://github.com/mmiscool/BREP)  |
+### Bindings & Packages
 
-<img src="https://elalish.github.io/manifold/samples/models/perfSpheres.png" width="350px"/>
+Manifold has bindings to many other languages, some maintained in this repository, and others elsewhere. It can also be built in C++ via [vcpkg](https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg.git).
 
-## [ManifoldCAD.org](https://manifoldcad.org)
+| Language | Packager | Name | Maintenance |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| C | N/A | N/A | internal |
+| C++ | vcpkg | [manifold](https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg/tree/master/ports/manifold) | external |
+| TS/JS | npm | [manifold-3d](https://www.npmjs.com/package/manifold-3d) | internal |
+| Python | PyPI | [manifold3d](https://pypi.org/project/manifold3d/) | internal |
+| Java | N/A | [manifold](https://github.com/SovereignShop/manifold) | external |
+| Clojure | N/A | [clj-manifold3d](https://github.com/SovereignShop/clj-manifold3d) | external |
+| C# | NuGet | [ManifoldNET](https://www.nuget.org/packages/ManifoldNET) | external |
+| Julia | Packages | [ManifoldBindings.jl](https://juliapackages.com/p/manifoldbindings) | external |
+| OCaml | N/A | [OManifold](https://ocadml.github.io/OManifold/OManifold/index.html) | external |
+| Swift | SPM | [Manifold-Swift](https://github.com/tomasf/manifold-swift) | external |
 
-If you like OpenSCAD / JSCAD, you might also like ManifoldCAD - our own solid modelling web app. Our WASM is not multithreaded yet, but it's still quite fast and a good way to test out our Manifold library.
+## Frontend Sandboxes
 
-![A metallic Menger sponge](https://elalish.github.io/manifold/samples/models/mengerSponge3.webp "A metallic Menger sponge")
+### [ManifoldCAD.org](https://manifoldcad.org)
 
-### Note for Firefox users
+If you like OpenSCAD / JSCAD, you might also like ManifoldCAD - our own solid modelling web app where you script in JS/TS. This uses our npm package, [manifold-3d](https://www.npmjs.com/package/manifold-3d), built via WASM. It's not quite as fast as our raw C++, but it's hard to beat for interoperability.
 
-If you find the editor is stuck on **Loading...**, setting
-`dom.workers.modules.enabled: true` in your `about:config`, as mentioned in the
-discussion of the
-[issue#328](https://github.com/elalish/manifold/issues/328#issuecomment-1473847102)
-of this repository may solve the problem.
+### [Python Colab Example](https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1VxrFYHPSHZgUbl9TeWzCeovlpXrPQ5J5?usp=sharing)
 
-# Manifold
+If you prefer Python to JS/TS, make your own copy of the example notebook above. It demonstrates interop between our [`manifold3d`](https://pypi.org/project/manifold3d/) PyPI library and the popular [`trimesh`](https://pypi.org/project/trimesh/) library, including showing the interactive model right in the notebook and saving 3D model output.
 
-[**API Documentation**](https://elalish.github.io/manifold/docs/html/modules.html) | [**Algorithm Documentation**](https://github.com/elalish/manifold/wiki/Manifold-Library) | [**Blog Posts**](https://elalish.blogspot.com/search/label/Manifold) | [**Web Examples**](https://elalish.github.io/manifold/model-viewer.html)
+![A metallic Menger sponge](https://manifoldcad.org/samples/models/mengerSponge192.png "A metallic Menger sponge")
 
-[Manifold](https://github.com/elalish/manifold) is a geometry library dedicated to creating and operating on manifold triangle meshes. A [manifold mesh](https://github.com/elalish/manifold/wiki/Manifold-Library#manifoldness) is a mesh that represents a solid object, and so is very important in manufacturing, CAD, structural analysis, etc. Further information can be found on the [wiki](https://github.com/elalish/manifold/wiki/Manifold-Library).
+## Manifold Library
 
-This is a modern C++ library that Github's CI verifies builds and runs on a variety of platforms. Additionally, we build bindings for JavaScript ([manifold-3d](https://www.npmjs.com/package/manifold-3d) on npm), Python, and C to make this library more portable and easy to use.
-
-System Dependencies (note that we will automatically download the dependency if there is no such package on the system):
-- [`GLM`](https://github.com/g-truc/glm/): A compact header-only vector library.
-- [`Thrust`](https://github.com/NVIDIA/thrust): NVIDIA's parallel algorithms library (basically a superset of C++17 std::parallel_algorithms)
-- [`tbb`](https://github.com/oneapi-src/oneTBB/): Intel's thread building blocks library. (only when `MANIFOLD_PAR=TBB` is enabled)
-- [`gtest`](https://github.com/google/googletest/): Google test library (only when test is enabled, i.e. `MANIFOLD_TEST=ON`)
-
-Other dependencies:
-- [`Clipper2`](https://github.com/AngusJohnson/Clipper2): provides our 2D subsystem
-- [`quickhull`](https://github.com/akuukka/quickhull): 3D convex hull algorithm.
-
-## What's here
-
-This library is fast with guaranteed manifold output. As such you need manifold meshes as input, which this library can create using constructors inspired by the OpenSCAD API, as well as more advanced features like smoothing and signed-distance function (SDF) level sets. You can also pass in your own mesh data, but you'll get an error status if the imported mesh isn't manifold. Various automated repair tools exist online for fixing non manifold models, usually for 3D printing.
+This library is fast with guaranteed manifold output. As such you need manifold meshes as input, which this library can create using constructors inspired by the OpenSCAD API, as well as a level set function for evaluating signed-distance functions (SDF) that improves significantly over Marching Cubes. You can also pass in your own mesh data, but you'll get an error status if the imported mesh isn't manifold. We provide a [`Merge`](https://manifoldcad.org/docs/html/structmanifold_1_1_mesh_g_l_p.html) function to fix slightly non-manifold meshes, but in general you may need one of the automated repair tools that exist mostly for 3D printing.
 
 The most significant contribution here is a guaranteed-manifold [mesh Boolean](https://github.com/elalish/manifold/wiki/Manifold-Library#mesh-boolean) algorithm, which I believe is the first of its kind. If you know of another, please open a discussion - a mesh Boolean algorithm robust to edge cases has been an open problem for many years. Likewise, if the Boolean here ever fails you, please submit an issue! This Boolean forms the basis of a CAD kernel, as it allows simple shapes to be combined into more complex ones.
 
-To aid in speed, this library makes extensive use of parallelization, generally through Nvidia's Thrust library. You can switch between the TBB, and serial C++ backends by setting a CMake flag. Not everything is so parallelizable, for instance a [polygon triangulation](https://github.com/elalish/manifold/wiki/Manifold-Library#polygon-triangulation) algorithm is included which is serial. Even if compiled with parallel backend, the code will still fall back to the serial version of the algorithms if the problem size is small. The WASM build is serial-only for now, but still fast.
+Manifold has full support for arbitrary vertex properties, and also has IDs that make it easy to keep track of materials and what surfaces belong to what input objects or faces. See our [web example](https://manifoldcad.org/model-viewer.html) for a simple demonstration of combining objects with unique textures.
 
-> Note: OMP and CUDA backends are now removed
+Also included are a novel and powerful suite of refining functions for smooth mesh interpolation. They handle smoothing both triangles and quads, as well as keeping polygonal faces flat. You can easily create sharp or small-radius edges where desired, or even drive the curvature by normal vectors.
+
+To aid in speed, this library makes extensive use of parallelization through TBB, if enabled. Not everything is so parallelizable, for instance a [polygon triangulation](https://github.com/elalish/manifold/wiki/Manifold-Library#polygon-triangulation) algorithm is included which is serial. Even if compiled with parallel backend, the code will still fall back to the serial version of the algorithms if the problem size is small. The WASM build is serial-only for now, but still fast.
 
 Look in the [samples](https://github.com/elalish/manifold/tree/master/samples) directory for examples of how to use this library to make interesting 3D models. You may notice that some of these examples bare a certain resemblance to my OpenSCAD designs on [Thingiverse](https://www.thingiverse.com/emmett), which is no accident. Much as I love OpenSCAD, my library is dramatically faster and the code is more flexible.
 
+### Dependencies
+
+Manifold no longer has **any** required dependencies! However, we do have several optional dependencies, of which the first two are strongly encouraged:
+| Name | CMake Flag | Provides |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| [`TBB`](https://github.com/oneapi-src/oneTBB/) |`MANIFOLD_PAR=ON` | Parallel acceleration |
+| [`Clipper2`](https://github.com/AngusJohnson/Clipper2) | `MANIFOLD_CROSS_SECTION=ON` | 2D: [`CrossSection`](https://manifoldcad.org/docs/html/classmanifold_1_1_cross_section.html) |
+| [`Assimp`](https://github.com/assimp/assimp) | `MANIFOLD_EXPORT=ON` | Basic Mesh I/O |
+| [`Nanobind`](https://github.com/wjakob/nanobind) | `MANIFOLD_PYBIND=ON` | Python bindings |
+| [`Emscripten`](https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten) | `MANIFOLD_JSBIND=ON` | JS bindings via WASM |
+| [`GTest`](https://github.com/google/googletest/) | `MANIFOLD_TEST=ON` | Testing framework |
+
+### 3D Formats
+
+Please avoid saving to STL files! They are lossy and inefficient - when saving a manifold mesh to STL there is no guarantee that the re-imported mesh will still be manifold, as the topology is lost. Please consider using [3MF](https://3mf.io/) instead, as this format was designed from the beginning for manifold meshes representing solid objects. 
+
+If you use vertex properties for things like interpolated normals or texture UV coordinates, [glTF](https://www.khronos.org/Gltf) is recommended, specifically using the [`EXT_mesh_manifold`](https://github.com/KhronosGroup/glTF/blob/main/extensions/2.0/Vendor/EXT_mesh_manifold/README.md) extension. This allows for the lossless and efficient transmission of manifoldness even with property boundaries. Try our [make-manifold](https://manifoldcad.org/make-manifold) page to add this extension to your existing glTF/GLB models. 
+
+Manifold provides an optional [`MeshIO`](https://manifoldcad.org/docs/html/group___mesh_i_o.html) component based on [Assimp](https://assimp.org/), but it is limited in functionality and is primarily to aid in testing. If you are using our npm module, we have a much more capable [gltf-io.ts](https://github.com/elalish/manifold/blob/master/bindings/wasm/examples/gltf-io.ts) you can use instead. For other languages we strongly recommend using existing packages that focus on 3D file I/O, e.g. [trimesh](https://trimesh.org/) for Python, particularly when using vertex properties or materials.  
+
 ## Building
 
 Only CMake, a C++ compiler, and Python are required to be installed and set up to build this library (it has been tested with GCC, LLVM, MSVC). However, a variety of optional dependencies can bring in more functionality, see below.
@@ -64,29 +98,61 @@ cd manifold
 mkdir build
 cd build
 cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON .. && make
-test/manifold_test
+make test
 ```
 
 CMake flags (usage e.g. `-DMANIFOLD_DEBUG=ON`):
-- `MANIFOLD_JSBIND=[OFF, <ON>]`: Build js binding when using emscripten.
+- `MANIFOLD_JSBIND=[OFF, <ON>]`: Build js binding (when using the emscripten toolchain).
 - `MANIFOLD_CBIND=[<OFF>, ON]`: Build C FFI binding.
-- `MANIFOLD_PYBIND=[OFF, <ON>]`: Build python binding.
-- `MANIFOLD_PAR=[<NONE>, TBB]`: Provides multi-thread parallelization, requires `libtbb-dev` if `TBB` backend is selected.
-- `MANIFOLD_EXPORT=[<OFF>, ON]`: Enables GLB export of 3D models from the tests, requires `libassimp-dev`.
-- `MANIFOLD_DEBUG=[<OFF>, ON]`: Enables internal assertions and exceptions.
-- `MANIFOLD_TEST=[OFF, <ON>]`: Build unittests.
+- `MANIFOLD_PYBIND=[OFF, <ON>]`: Build python binding, requires `nanobind`.
+- `MANIFOLD_PAR=[<OFF>, ON]`: Enables multi-thread parallelization, requires `tbb`.
+- `MANIFOLD_CROSS_SECTION=[OFF, <ON>]`: Build CrossSection for 2D support (needed by language bindings), requires `Clipper2`.
+- `MANIFOLD_EXPORT=[<OFF>, ON]`: Enables `MeshIO` and GLB export of 3D models from the tests, requires `assimp`.
+- `MANIFOLD_DEBUG=[<OFF>, ON]`: Enables exceptions, timing, verbosity, OBJ test dumps. Has almost no effect on its own, but enables further runtime parameters to dump various outputs.
+- `MANIFOLD_ASSERT=[<OFF>, ON]`: Enables internal assertions. This incurs around 20% runtime overhead. Requires MANIFOLD_DEBUG to work.
+- `MANIFOLD_TEST=[OFF, <ON>]`: Build unit tests, requires `GTest`.
 - `TRACY_ENABLE=[<OFF>, ON]`: Enable integration with tracy profiler. 
   See profiling section below.
-- `BUILD_TEST_CGAL=[<OFF>, ON]`: Builds a CGAL-based performance [comparison](https://github.com/elalish/manifold/tree/master/extras), requires `libcgal-dev`.
 
-Offline building:
-- `FETCHCONTENT_SOURCE_DIR_GLM`: path to glm source.
-- `FETCHCONTENT_SOURCE_DIR_GOOGLETEST`: path to googletest source.
-- `FETCHCONTENT_SOURCE_DIR_THRUST`: path to NVIDIA thrust source.
+Dependency version override:
+- `MANIFOLD_USE_BUILTIN_TBB=[<OFF>, ON]`: Use builtin version of tbb.
+- `MANIFOLD_USE_BUILTIN_CLIPPER2=[<OFF>, ON]`: Use builtin version of clipper2.
+- `MANIFOLD_USE_BUILTIN_NANOBIND=[<OFF>, ON]`: Use builtin version of nanobind.
+
+> Note: These three options can force the build to avoid using the system
+> version of the dependency. This will either use the provided source directory
+> via `FETCHCONTENT_SOURCE_DIR_*` (see below), or fetch the source from GitHub.
+> Note that the dependency will be built as static dependency to avoid dynamic
+> library conflict. When the system package is unavailable, the option will be
+> automatically set to true (except for tbb).
+
+> WARNING: These packages are statically linked to the library, which may be
+> unexpected for other consumers of the library. In particular, for tbb, this
+> create two versions of tbb when another library also bring their own tbb,
+> which may cause performance issues or crash the system.
+> It is not recommended to install manifold compiled with builtin tbb, and this
+> option requires explicit opt-in now.
+
+Offline building (with missing dependencies/dependency version override):
+- `MANIFOLD_DOWNLOADS=[OFF, <ON>]`: Automatically download missing dependencies.
+  Need to set `FETCHCONTENT_SOURCE_DIR_*` if the dependency `*` is missing.
+- `FETCHCONTENT_SOURCE_DIR_TBB`: path to tbb source (if `MANIFOLD_PAR` is enabled).
+- `FETCHCONTENT_SOURCE_DIR_CLIPPER2`: path to tbb source (if `MANIFOLD_CROSS_SECTION` is enabled).
+- `FETCHCONTENT_SOURCE_DIR_NANOBIND`: path to nanobind source (if `MANIFOLD_PYBIND` is enabled).
+- `FETCHCONTENT_SOURCE_DIR_GOOGLETEST`: path to googletest source (if `MANIFOLD_TEST` is enabled).
+
+> Note: When `FETCHCONTENT_SOURCE_DIR_*` is set, CMake will use the provided
+> source directly without downloading regardless of the value of
+> `MANIFOLD_DOWNLOADS`.
 
 The build instructions used by our CI are in [manifold.yml](https://github.com/elalish/manifold/blob/master/.github/workflows/manifold.yml), which is a good source to check if something goes wrong and for instructions specific to other platforms, like Windows.
 
 ### WASM
+
+> Note: While we support compiling with `MANIFOLD_PAR=ON` in recent emscripten
+> versions, this is not recommended as there can potentially be memory
+> corruption issues.
+
 To build the JS WASM library, first install NodeJS and set up emscripten:
 
 (on Mac):
@@ -108,8 +174,9 @@ Then build:
 cd manifold
 mkdir buildWASM
 cd buildWASM
-emcmake cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release .. && emmake make
-node test/manifold_test.js
+emcmake cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=MinSizeRel .. && emmake make
+cd test
+node ./manifold_test.js
 ```
 
 ### Python
@@ -120,7 +187,7 @@ use the extension, please add `$BUILD_DIR/bindings/python` to your `PYTHONPATH`,
 can be found in `bindings/python/examples`. To see exported samples, run:
 ```
 sudo apt install pkg-config libpython3-dev python3 python3-distutils python3-pip
-pip install trimesh
+pip install trimesh pytest
 python3 run_all.py -e
 ```
 
@@ -134,15 +201,46 @@ python binding documentation:
 
 For more detailed documentation, please refer to the C++ API.
 
+### Windows Shenanigans
+
+Windows users should build with `-DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF`, as enabling shared
+libraries in general makes things very complicated.
+
+The DLL file for manifoldc (C FFI bindings) when built with msvc is in `${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/bin/${BUILD_TYPE}/manifoldc.dll`.
+For example, for the following command, the path relative to the project root directory is `build/bin/Release/manifoldc.dll`.
+```sh
+cmake . -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF -DMANIFOLD_DEBUG=ON -DMANIFOLD_PAR=${{matrix.parallel_backend}} -A x64 -B build
+```
+
 ## Contributing
 
 Contributions are welcome! A lower barrier contribution is to simply make a PR that adds a test, especially if it repros an issue you've found. Simply name it prepended with DISABLED_, so that it passes the CI. That will be a very strong signal to me to fix your issue. However, if you know how to fix it yourself, then including the fix in your PR would be much appreciated!
 
-## Profiling
+### Formatting
+
+There is a formatting script `format.sh` that automatically formats everything.
+It requires clang-format, black formatter for python and [gersemi](https://github.com/BlankSpruce/gersemi) for formatting cmake files.
+
+Note that our script can run with clang-format older than 18, but the GitHub
+action check may fail due to slight differences between different versions of
+clang-format. In that case, either update your clang-format version or apply the
+patch from the GitHub action log.
+
+### Profiling
 
 There is now basic support for the [Tracy profiler](https://github.com/wolfpld/tracy) for our tests.
 To enable tracing, compile with `-DTRACY_ENABLE=on` cmake option, and run the test with Tracy server running.
+To enable memory profiling in addition to tracing, compile with `-DTRACY_MEMORY_USAGE=ON` in addition to `-DTRACY_ENABLE=ON`.
+
+### Fuzzing
+
+To build with fuzzing support, you should set the following with CMake:
+
+- Enable fuzzing by setting `-DMANIFOLD_FUZZ=ON`
+- Disable python bindings by setting `-DMANIFOLD_PYBIND=OFF`
+- Use `clang` for compiling by setting `-DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang++`
+- You may need to disable parallelization by setting `-DMANIFOLD_PAR=OFF`, and set `ASAN_OPTIONS=detect_container_overflow=0` when building the binary on MacOS.
 
 ## About the author
 
-This library was started by [Emmett Lalish](https://elalish.blogspot.com/). I am currently a Google employee and this is my 20% project, not an official Google project. At my day job I'm the maintainer of [\<model-viewer\>](https://modelviewer.dev/). I was the first employee at a 3D video startup, [Omnivor](https://www.omnivor.io/), and before that I worked on 3D printing at Microsoft, including [3D Builder](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/p/3d-builder/9wzdncrfj3t6?activetab=pivot%3Aoverviewtab). Originally an aerospace engineer, I started at a small DARPA contractor doing seedling projects, one of which became [Sea Hunter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_Hunter). I earned my doctorate from the University of Washington in control theory and published some [papers](https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/75011026_Emmett_Lalish).
+This library was started by [Emmett Lalish](https://elalish.blogspot.com/), currently a senior rendering engineer at Wētā FX. This was my 20% project when I was a Google employee, though my day job was maintaining [\<model-viewer\>](https://modelviewer.dev/). I was the first employee at a 3D video startup, [Omnivor](https://www.omnivor.io/), and before that I worked on 3D printing at Microsoft, including [3D Builder](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/p/3d-builder/9wzdncrfj3t6?activetab=pivot%3Aoverviewtab). Originally an aerospace engineer, I started at a small DARPA contractor doing seedling projects, one of which became [Sea Hunter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_Hunter). I earned my doctorate from the University of Washington in control theory and published some [papers](https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/75011026_Emmett_Lalish).

RELEASE_CHECKLIST.md

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+1. Go through Github issues to verify bugs have been fixed and closed.
+1. Verify [ManifoldCAD.org](https://manifoldcad.org) - check a few examples, run them, download a GLB and a 3MF.
+1. Verify our three.js [example](https://manifoldcad.org/three) is functional.
+1. Verify our model-viewer [example](https://manifoldcad.org/model-viewer) is functional - select Union and Intersection.
+1. Verify [make-manifold](https://manifoldcad.org/make-manifold) is functional. Try dropping [DragonAttenuation.glb](https://github.com/KhronosGroup/glTF-Sample-Assets/blob/main/Models/DragonAttenuation/glTF-Binary/DragonAttenuation.glb) in and verify you can select "View Manifold GLB" and that the dragon is still present while the backdrop is removed. Download the GLB.
+1. Make a new branch called the version, e.g. v2.3.0.
+1. Use VSCode to search and replace the old version with the new - so far in test-cmake.sh, flake.nix, pyproject.toml, and package.json.
+1. Also update CMakeLists.txt version by searching for "set(MANIFOLD_VERSION_".
+1. Commit, push, open a PR, verify tests pass, manually trigger build_wheels CI, merge.
+1. On Github, draft a new release, make a new tag with the version number, add release notes, and publish.
+1. Check the Actions and verify that both PyPI and npm publishing actions ran successfully.
+1. Verify the npm [package](https://www.npmjs.com/package/manifold-3d?activeTab=code) looks good - unpacked size should be close to 1MB.
+1. Verify PyPI [package](https://pypi.org/project/manifold3d/#files) looks good - a bunch of built distributions ranging from ~600kB to ~1.1MB.
+1. If there's a problem with release deployment, the release workflows can be triggered separately, manually for any branch, under the Actions tab.

bindings/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -12,14 +12,18 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-if(NOT EMSCRIPTEN AND MANIFOLD_CBIND)
-    add_subdirectory(c)
+if(NOT MANIFOLD_CROSS_SECTION)
+  return()
+endif()
+
+if(MANIFOLD_CBIND)
+  add_subdirectory(c)
 endif()
 
 if(NOT EMSCRIPTEN AND MANIFOLD_PYBIND)
-    add_subdirectory(python)
+  add_subdirectory(python)
 endif()
 
 if(EMSCRIPTEN AND MANIFOLD_JSBIND)
-    add_subdirectory(wasm)
+  add_subdirectory(wasm)
 endif()

bindings/c/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,33 +1,50 @@
-project(manifoldc)
+# Copyright 2024 The Manifold Authors.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+# https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
 
-add_library(${PROJECT_NAME} manifoldc.cpp conv.cpp)
+include_directories(
+  ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}
+  ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include
+  ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../include
+)
 
-if(MANIFOLD_USE_CUDA)
-    set_source_files_properties(manifoldc.cpp conv.cpp PROPERTIES LANGUAGE CUDA)
-    set_property(TARGET ${PROJECT_NAME} PROPERTY CUDA_ARCHITECTURES 61)
-endif()
+add_library(
+  manifoldc
+  manifoldc.cpp
+  conv.cpp
+  box.cpp
+  cross.cpp
+  rect.cpp
+)
+exportlib(manifoldc)
 
 if(MANIFOLD_EXPORT)
-  target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE meshIO)
-  target_compile_options(${PROJECT_NAME} PUBLIC -DMANIFOLD_EXPORT)
+  target_sources(manifoldc PRIVATE meshIOc.cpp)
+  target_compile_options(manifoldc PUBLIC -DMANIFOLD_EXPORT)
 endif()
 
-target_link_libraries(
-  ${PROJECT_NAME}
-  PRIVATE manifold sdf cross_section
-)
+target_link_libraries(manifoldc PRIVATE manifold)
 
-target_include_directories(${PROJECT_NAME} PUBLIC ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include)
-target_compile_options(${PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE ${MANIFOLD_FLAGS})
-target_compile_features(${PROJECT_NAME} PRIVATE cxx_std_17)
+target_include_directories(
+  manifoldc
+  PUBLIC
+    $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:include>
+    $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include>
+)
+target_compile_options(manifoldc PRIVATE ${MANIFOLD_FLAGS})
 
+install(TARGETS manifoldc EXPORT manifoldTargets)
 install(
-  TARGETS ${PROJECT_NAME}
-  LIBRARY DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_FULL_LIBDIR}
-  COMPONENT bindings
-)
-install(
-  FILES include/manifoldc.h include/types.h
-  DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_FULL_INCLUDEDIR}/manifold
-  COMPONENT devel
+  FILES include/manifold/manifoldc.h include/manifold/types.h
+  DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}/manifold
 )

bindings/c/box.cpp

@@ -13,86 +13,91 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 #include "conv.h"
-#include "manifold.h"
-#include "public.h"
-#include "types.h"
+#include "manifold/common.h"
+#include "manifold/types.h"
 
-ManifoldBox *manifold_box(void *mem, float x1, float y1, float z1, float x2,
-                          float y2, float z2) {
-  auto p1 = glm::vec3(x1, y1, z1);
-  auto p2 = glm::vec3(x2, y2, z2);
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+ManifoldBox* manifold_box(void* mem, double x1, double y1, double z1, double x2,
+                          double y2, double z2) {
+  auto p1 = vec3(x1, y1, z1);
+  auto p2 = vec3(x2, y2, z2);
   auto box = new (mem) Box(p1, p2);
   return to_c(box);
 }
 
-ManifoldVec3 manifold_box_min(ManifoldBox *b) { return to_c((*from_c(b)).min); }
+ManifoldVec3 manifold_box_min(ManifoldBox* b) { return to_c((*from_c(b)).min); }
 
-ManifoldVec3 manifold_box_max(ManifoldBox *b) { return to_c((*from_c(b)).max); }
+ManifoldVec3 manifold_box_max(ManifoldBox* b) { return to_c((*from_c(b)).max); }
 
-ManifoldVec3 manifold_box_dimensions(ManifoldBox *b) {
+ManifoldVec3 manifold_box_dimensions(ManifoldBox* b) {
   auto v = from_c(b)->Size();
   return {v.x, v.y, v.z};
 }
 
-ManifoldVec3 manifold_box_center(ManifoldBox *b) {
+ManifoldVec3 manifold_box_center(ManifoldBox* b) {
   auto v = from_c(b)->Center();
   return {v.x, v.y, v.z};
 }
 
-float manifold_box_scale(ManifoldBox *b) { return from_c(b)->Scale(); }
+double manifold_box_scale(ManifoldBox* b) { return from_c(b)->Scale(); }
 
-int manifold_box_contains_pt(ManifoldBox *b, float x, float y, float z) {
-  auto p = glm::vec3(x, y, z);
+int manifold_box_contains_pt(ManifoldBox* b, double x, double y, double z) {
+  auto p = vec3(x, y, z);
   return from_c(b)->Contains(p);
 }
 
-int manifold_box_contains_box(ManifoldBox *a, ManifoldBox *b) {
+int manifold_box_contains_box(ManifoldBox* a, ManifoldBox* b) {
   auto outer = *from_c(a);
   auto inner = *from_c(b);
   return outer.Contains(inner);
 }
 
-void manifold_box_include_pt(ManifoldBox *b, float x, float y, float z) {
+void manifold_box_include_pt(ManifoldBox* b, double x, double y, double z) {
   auto box = *from_c(b);
-  auto p = glm::vec3(x, y, z);
+  auto p = vec3(x, y, z);
   box.Union(p);
 }
 
-ManifoldBox *manifold_box_union(void *mem, ManifoldBox *a, ManifoldBox *b) {
+ManifoldBox* manifold_box_union(void* mem, ManifoldBox* a, ManifoldBox* b) {
   auto box = from_c(a)->Union(*from_c(b));
   return to_c(new (mem) Box(box));
 }
 
-ManifoldBox *manifold_box_transform(void *mem, ManifoldBox *b, float x1,
-                                    float y1, float z1, float x2, float y2,
-                                    float z2, float x3, float y3, float z3,
-                                    float x4, float y4, float z4) {
-  auto mat = glm::mat4x3(x1, y1, z1, x2, y2, z2, x3, y3, z3, x4, y4, z4);
+ManifoldBox* manifold_box_transform(void* mem, ManifoldBox* b, double x1,
+                                    double y1, double z1, double x2, double y2,
+                                    double z2, double x3, double y3, double z3,
+                                    double x4, double y4, double z4) {
+  auto mat = mat3x4({x1, y1, z1}, {x2, y2, z2}, {x3, y3, z3}, {x4, y4, z4});
   auto transformed = from_c(b)->Transform(mat);
   return to_c(new (mem) Box(transformed));
 }
 
-ManifoldBox *manifold_box_translate(void *mem, ManifoldBox *b, float x, float y,
-                                    float z) {
-  auto p = glm::vec3(x, y, z);
+ManifoldBox* manifold_box_translate(void* mem, ManifoldBox* b, double x,
+                                    double y, double z) {
+  auto p = vec3(x, y, z);
   auto translated = (*from_c(b)) + p;
   return to_c(new (mem) Box(translated));
 }
 
-ManifoldBox *manifold_box_mul(void *mem, ManifoldBox *b, float x, float y,
-                              float z) {
-  auto p = glm::vec3(x, y, z);
+ManifoldBox* manifold_box_mul(void* mem, ManifoldBox* b, double x, double y,
+                              double z) {
+  auto p = vec3(x, y, z);
   auto scaled = (*from_c(b)) * p;
   return to_c(new (mem) Box(scaled));
 }
 
-int manifold_box_does_overlap_pt(ManifoldBox *b, float x, float y, float z) {
-  auto p = glm::vec3(x, y, z);
+int manifold_box_does_overlap_pt(ManifoldBox* b, double x, double y, double z) {
+  auto p = vec3(x, y, z);
   return from_c(b)->DoesOverlap(p);
 }
 
-int manifold_box_does_overlap_box(ManifoldBox *a, ManifoldBox *b) {
+int manifold_box_does_overlap_box(ManifoldBox* a, ManifoldBox* b) {
   return from_c(a)->DoesOverlap(*from_c(b));
 }
 
-int manifold_box_is_finite(ManifoldBox *b) { return from_c(b)->IsFinite(); }
+int manifold_box_is_finite(ManifoldBox* b) { return from_c(b)->IsFinite(); }
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif

bindings/c/conv.cpp

@@ -16,42 +16,41 @@
 
 #include <vector>
 
-#include "cross_section.h"
-#include "manifold.h"
-#include "public.h"
-#include "sdf.h"
-#include "types.h"
+#include "manifold/common.h"
+#include "manifold/cross_section.h"
+#include "manifold/manifold.h"
+#include "manifold/types.h"
 
-ManifoldManifold *to_c(manifold::Manifold *m) {
-  return reinterpret_cast<ManifoldManifold *>(m);
+ManifoldManifold* to_c(manifold::Manifold* m) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<ManifoldManifold*>(m);
 }
 
-ManifoldManifoldVec *to_c(ManifoldVec *ms) {
-  return reinterpret_cast<ManifoldManifoldVec *>(ms);
+ManifoldManifoldVec* to_c(ManifoldVec* ms) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<ManifoldManifoldVec*>(ms);
 }
 
-ManifoldCrossSection *to_c(manifold::CrossSection *cs) {
-  return reinterpret_cast<ManifoldCrossSection *>(cs);
+ManifoldCrossSection* to_c(manifold::CrossSection* cs) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<ManifoldCrossSection*>(cs);
 }
 
-ManifoldCrossSectionVec *to_c(CrossSectionVec *csv) {
-  return reinterpret_cast<ManifoldCrossSectionVec *>(csv);
+ManifoldCrossSectionVec* to_c(CrossSectionVec* csv) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<ManifoldCrossSectionVec*>(csv);
 }
 
-ManifoldSimplePolygon *to_c(manifold::SimplePolygon *m) {
-  return reinterpret_cast<ManifoldSimplePolygon *>(m);
+ManifoldSimplePolygon* to_c(manifold::SimplePolygon* m) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<ManifoldSimplePolygon*>(m);
 }
 
-ManifoldPolygons *to_c(manifold::Polygons *m) {
-  return reinterpret_cast<ManifoldPolygons *>(m);
+ManifoldPolygons* to_c(manifold::Polygons* m) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<ManifoldPolygons*>(m);
 }
 
-ManifoldMesh *to_c(manifold::Mesh *m) {
-  return reinterpret_cast<ManifoldMesh *>(m);
+ManifoldMeshGL* to_c(manifold::MeshGL* m) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<ManifoldMeshGL*>(m);
 }
 
-ManifoldMeshGL *to_c(manifold::MeshGL *m) {
-  return reinterpret_cast<ManifoldMeshGL *>(m);
+ManifoldMeshGL64* to_c(manifold::MeshGL64* m) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<ManifoldMeshGL64*>(m);
 }
 
 ManifoldOpType to_c(manifold::OpType optype) {
@@ -107,58 +106,61 @@ ManifoldError to_c(manifold::Manifold::Error error) {
     case Manifold::Error::InvalidConstruction:
       e = MANIFOLD_INVALID_CONSTRUCTION;
       break;
+    case Manifold::Error::ResultTooLarge:
+      e = MANIFOLD_RESULT_TOO_LARGE;
+      break;
   };
   return e;
 }
 
-ManifoldBox *to_c(manifold::Box *m) {
-  return reinterpret_cast<ManifoldBox *>(m);
+ManifoldBox* to_c(manifold::Box* m) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<ManifoldBox*>(m);
 }
 
-ManifoldRect *to_c(manifold::Rect *m) {
-  return reinterpret_cast<ManifoldRect *>(m);
+ManifoldRect* to_c(manifold::Rect* m) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<ManifoldRect*>(m);
 }
 
-ManifoldVec2 to_c(glm::vec2 v) { return {v.x, v.y}; }
+ManifoldVec2 to_c(vec2 v) { return {v.x, v.y}; }
 
-ManifoldVec3 to_c(glm::vec3 v) { return {v.x, v.y, v.z}; }
+ManifoldVec3 to_c(vec3 v) { return {v.x, v.y, v.z}; }
 
-ManifoldIVec3 to_c(glm::ivec3 v) { return {v.x, v.y, v.z}; }
+ManifoldIVec3 to_c(ivec3 v) { return {v.x, v.y, v.z}; }
 
-ManifoldProperties to_c(manifold::Properties p) {
-  return {p.surfaceArea, p.volume};
+ManifoldTriangulation* to_c(std::vector<ivec3>* m) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<ManifoldTriangulation*>(m);
 }
 
-const manifold::Manifold *from_c(ManifoldManifold *m) {
-  return reinterpret_cast<manifold::Manifold const *>(m);
+const manifold::Manifold* from_c(ManifoldManifold* m) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<manifold::Manifold const*>(m);
 }
 
-ManifoldVec *from_c(ManifoldManifoldVec *ms) {
-  return reinterpret_cast<ManifoldVec *>(ms);
+ManifoldVec* from_c(ManifoldManifoldVec* ms) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<ManifoldVec*>(ms);
 }
 
-const manifold::CrossSection *from_c(ManifoldCrossSection *cs) {
-  return reinterpret_cast<manifold::CrossSection *>(cs);
+const manifold::CrossSection* from_c(ManifoldCrossSection* cs) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<manifold::CrossSection*>(cs);
 }
 
-CrossSectionVec *from_c(ManifoldCrossSectionVec *csv) {
-  return reinterpret_cast<CrossSectionVec *>(csv);
+CrossSectionVec* from_c(ManifoldCrossSectionVec* csv) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<CrossSectionVec*>(csv);
 }
 
-const manifold::SimplePolygon *from_c(ManifoldSimplePolygon *m) {
-  return reinterpret_cast<manifold::SimplePolygon const *>(m);
+const manifold::SimplePolygon* from_c(ManifoldSimplePolygon* m) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<manifold::SimplePolygon const*>(m);
 }
 
-const manifold::Polygons *from_c(ManifoldPolygons *m) {
-  return reinterpret_cast<manifold::Polygons const *>(m);
+const manifold::Polygons* from_c(ManifoldPolygons* m) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<manifold::Polygons const*>(m);
 }
 
-const manifold::Mesh *from_c(ManifoldMesh *m) {
-  return reinterpret_cast<manifold::Mesh const *>(m);
+const manifold::MeshGL* from_c(ManifoldMeshGL* m) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<manifold::MeshGL const*>(m);
 }
 
-const manifold::MeshGL *from_c(ManifoldMeshGL *m) {
-  return reinterpret_cast<manifold::MeshGL const *>(m);
+const manifold::MeshGL64* from_c(ManifoldMeshGL64* m) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<manifold::MeshGL64 const*>(m);
 }
 
 OpType from_c(ManifoldOpType optype) {
@@ -205,45 +207,52 @@ CrossSection::JoinType from_c(ManifoldJoinType join_type) {
     case MANIFOLD_JOIN_TYPE_MITER:
       jt = CrossSection::JoinType::Miter;
       break;
+    case MANIFOLD_JOIN_TYPE_BEVEL:
+      jt = CrossSection::JoinType::Bevel;
+      break;
   };
   return jt;
 }
 
-const manifold::Box *from_c(ManifoldBox *m) {
-  return reinterpret_cast<manifold::Box const *>(m);
+const manifold::Box* from_c(ManifoldBox* m) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<manifold::Box const*>(m);
 }
 
-const manifold::Rect *from_c(ManifoldRect *m) {
-  return reinterpret_cast<manifold::Rect const *>(m);
+const manifold::Rect* from_c(ManifoldRect* m) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<manifold::Rect const*>(m);
 }
 
-glm::vec2 from_c(ManifoldVec2 v) { return glm::vec2(v.x, v.y); }
+vec2 from_c(ManifoldVec2 v) { return vec2(v.x, v.y); }
 
-glm::vec3 from_c(ManifoldVec3 v) { return glm::vec3(v.x, v.y, v.z); }
+vec3 from_c(ManifoldVec3 v) { return vec3(v.x, v.y, v.z); }
 
-glm::ivec3 from_c(ManifoldIVec3 v) { return glm::ivec3(v.x, v.y, v.z); }
+ivec3 from_c(ManifoldIVec3 v) { return ivec3(v.x, v.y, v.z); }
 
-glm::vec4 from_c(ManifoldVec4 v) { return glm::vec4(v.x, v.y, v.z, v.w); }
+vec4 from_c(ManifoldVec4 v) { return vec4(v.x, v.y, v.z, v.w); }
 
-std::vector<glm::vec3> vector_of_vec_array(ManifoldVec3 *vs, size_t length) {
-  auto vec = std::vector<glm::vec3>();
-  for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
+const std::vector<ivec3>* from_c(ManifoldTriangulation* m) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<std::vector<ivec3> const*>(m);
+}
+
+std::vector<vec3> vector_of_vec_array(ManifoldVec3* vs, size_t length) {
+  auto vec = std::vector<vec3>();
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
     vec.push_back(from_c(vs[i]));
   }
   return vec;
 }
 
-std::vector<glm::ivec3> vector_of_vec_array(ManifoldIVec3 *vs, size_t length) {
-  auto vec = std::vector<glm::ivec3>();
-  for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
+std::vector<ivec3> vector_of_vec_array(ManifoldIVec3* vs, size_t length) {
+  auto vec = std::vector<ivec3>();
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
     vec.push_back(from_c(vs[i]));
   }
   return vec;
 }
 
-std::vector<glm::vec4> vector_of_vec_array(ManifoldVec4 *vs, size_t length) {
-  auto vec = std::vector<glm::vec4>();
-  for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
+std::vector<vec4> vector_of_vec_array(ManifoldVec4* vs, size_t length) {
+  auto vec = std::vector<vec4>();
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
     vec.push_back(from_c(vs[i]));
   }
   return vec;

bindings/c/conv.h

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Manifold Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+#include <cstring>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "manifold/common.h"
+#include "manifold/cross_section.h"
+#include "manifold/manifold.h"
+#include "manifold/types.h"
+
+using namespace manifold;
+using ManifoldVec = std::vector<Manifold>;
+using CrossSectionVec = std::vector<CrossSection>;
+
+ManifoldManifold* to_c(manifold::Manifold* m);
+ManifoldManifoldVec* to_c(ManifoldVec* ms);
+ManifoldCrossSection* to_c(manifold::CrossSection* cs);
+ManifoldCrossSectionVec* to_c(CrossSectionVec* csv);
+ManifoldSimplePolygon* to_c(manifold::SimplePolygon* p);
+ManifoldPolygons* to_c(manifold::Polygons* ps);
+ManifoldMeshGL* to_c(manifold::MeshGL* m);
+ManifoldMeshGL64* to_c(manifold::MeshGL64* m);
+ManifoldBox* to_c(manifold::Box* m);
+ManifoldRect* to_c(manifold::Rect* m);
+ManifoldError to_c(manifold::Manifold::Error error);
+ManifoldVec2 to_c(vec2 v);
+ManifoldVec3 to_c(vec3 v);
+ManifoldIVec3 to_c(ivec3 v);
+ManifoldTriangulation* to_c(std::vector<ivec3>* m);
+
+const manifold::Manifold* from_c(ManifoldManifold* m);
+ManifoldVec* from_c(ManifoldManifoldVec* ms);
+const manifold::CrossSection* from_c(ManifoldCrossSection* cs);
+CrossSectionVec* from_c(ManifoldCrossSectionVec* csv);
+const manifold::SimplePolygon* from_c(ManifoldSimplePolygon* m);
+const manifold::Polygons* from_c(ManifoldPolygons* m);
+const manifold::MeshGL* from_c(ManifoldMeshGL* m);
+const manifold::MeshGL64* from_c(ManifoldMeshGL64* m);
+OpType from_c(ManifoldOpType op);
+CrossSection::FillRule from_c(ManifoldFillRule fillrule);
+CrossSection::JoinType from_c(ManifoldJoinType jt);
+const manifold::Box* from_c(ManifoldBox* m);
+const manifold::Rect* from_c(ManifoldRect* r);
+vec2 from_c(ManifoldVec2 v);
+vec3 from_c(ManifoldVec3 v);
+ivec3 from_c(ManifoldIVec3 v);
+vec4 from_c(ManifoldVec4 v);
+const std::vector<ivec3>* from_c(ManifoldTriangulation* m);
+
+std::vector<vec3> vector_of_vec_array(ManifoldVec3* vs, size_t length);
+std::vector<ivec3> vector_of_vec_array(ManifoldIVec3* vs, size_t length);
+std::vector<vec4> vector_of_vec_array(ManifoldVec4* vs, size_t length);
+
+template <typename T>
+std::vector<T> vector_of_array(T* ts, size_t length) {
+  auto vec = std::vector<T>();
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
+    vec.push_back(ts[i]);
+  }
+  return vec;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+T* copy_data(void* mem, std::vector<T> v) {
+  T* ts = reinterpret_cast<T*>(mem);
+  memcpy(ts, v.data(), sizeof(T) * v.size());
+  return ts;
+}

bindings/c/cross.cpp

@@ -12,235 +12,242 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-#include <vector>
-
 #include "conv.h"
-#include "cross_section.h"
-#include "manifold.h"
-#include "public.h"
-#include "types.h"
+#include "manifold/common.h"
+#include "manifold/cross_section.h"
+#include "manifold/types.h"
 
-ManifoldCrossSection *manifold_cross_section_empty(void *mem) {
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_cross_section_empty(void* mem) {
   return to_c(new (mem) CrossSection());
 }
 
-ManifoldCrossSection *manifold_cross_section_copy(void *mem,
-                                                  ManifoldCrossSection *cs) {
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_cross_section_copy(void* mem,
+                                                  ManifoldCrossSection* cs) {
   auto cross = *from_c(cs);
   return to_c(new (mem) CrossSection(cross));
 }
 
-ManifoldCrossSection *manifold_cross_section_of_simple_polygon(
-    void *mem, ManifoldSimplePolygon *p, ManifoldFillRule fr) {
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_cross_section_of_simple_polygon(
+    void* mem, ManifoldSimplePolygon* p, ManifoldFillRule fr) {
   return to_c(new (mem) CrossSection(*from_c(p), from_c(fr)));
 }
 
-ManifoldCrossSection *manifold_cross_section_of_polygons(void *mem,
-                                                         ManifoldPolygons *p,
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_cross_section_of_polygons(void* mem,
+                                                         ManifoldPolygons* p,
                                                          ManifoldFillRule fr) {
   return to_c(new (mem) CrossSection(*from_c(p), from_c(fr)));
 }
 
-ManifoldCrossSectionVec *manifold_cross_section_empty_vec(void *mem) {
+ManifoldCrossSectionVec* manifold_cross_section_empty_vec(void* mem) {
   return to_c(new (mem) CrossSectionVec());
 }
 
-ManifoldCrossSectionVec *manifold_cross_section_vec(void *mem, size_t sz) {
+ManifoldCrossSectionVec* manifold_cross_section_vec(void* mem, size_t sz) {
   return to_c(new (mem) CrossSectionVec(sz));
 }
 
-void manifold_cross_section_vec_reserve(ManifoldCrossSectionVec *csv,
+void manifold_cross_section_vec_reserve(ManifoldCrossSectionVec* csv,
                                         size_t sz) {
   from_c(csv)->reserve(sz);
 }
 
-size_t manifold_cross_section_vec_length(ManifoldCrossSectionVec *csv) {
+size_t manifold_cross_section_vec_length(ManifoldCrossSectionVec* csv) {
   return from_c(csv)->size();
 }
 
-ManifoldCrossSection *manifold_cross_section_vec_get(
-    void *mem, ManifoldCrossSectionVec *csv, int idx) {
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_cross_section_vec_get(
+    void* mem, ManifoldCrossSectionVec* csv, size_t idx) {
   auto cs = (*from_c(csv))[idx];
   return to_c(new (mem) CrossSection(cs));
 }
 
-void manifold_cross_section_vec_set(ManifoldCrossSectionVec *csv, int idx,
-                                    ManifoldCrossSection *cs) {
+void manifold_cross_section_vec_set(ManifoldCrossSectionVec* csv, size_t idx,
+                                    ManifoldCrossSection* cs) {
   (*from_c(csv))[idx] = *from_c(cs);
 }
 
-void manifold_cross_section_vec_push_back(ManifoldCrossSectionVec *csv,
-                                          ManifoldCrossSection *cs) {
+void manifold_cross_section_vec_push_back(ManifoldCrossSectionVec* csv,
+                                          ManifoldCrossSection* cs) {
   return from_c(csv)->push_back(*from_c(cs));
 }
 
-ManifoldCrossSection *manifold_cross_section_square(void *mem, float x, float y,
-                                                    int center) {
-  auto cs = CrossSection::Square(glm::vec2(x, y), center);
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_cross_section_square(void* mem, double x,
+                                                    double y, int center) {
+  auto cs = CrossSection::Square(vec2(x, y), center);
   return to_c(new (mem) CrossSection(cs));
 }
 
-ManifoldCrossSection *manifold_cross_section_circle(void *mem, float radius,
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_cross_section_circle(void* mem, double radius,
                                                     int circular_segments) {
   auto cs = CrossSection::Circle(radius, circular_segments);
   return to_c(new (mem) CrossSection(cs));
 }
 
-ManifoldCrossSection *manifold_cross_section_boolean(void *mem,
-                                                     ManifoldCrossSection *a,
-                                                     ManifoldCrossSection *b,
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_cross_section_boolean(void* mem,
+                                                     ManifoldCrossSection* a,
+                                                     ManifoldCrossSection* b,
                                                      ManifoldOpType op) {
   auto cs = from_c(a)->Boolean(*from_c(b), from_c(op));
   return to_c(new (mem) CrossSection(cs));
 }
 
-ManifoldCrossSection *manifold_cross_section_batch_boolean(
-    void *mem, ManifoldCrossSectionVec *csv, ManifoldOpType op) {
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_cross_section_batch_boolean(
+    void* mem, ManifoldCrossSectionVec* csv, ManifoldOpType op) {
   auto cs = CrossSection::BatchBoolean(*from_c(csv), from_c(op));
   return to_c(new (mem) CrossSection(cs));
 }
 
-ManifoldCrossSection *manifold_cross_section_union(void *mem,
-                                                   ManifoldCrossSection *a,
-                                                   ManifoldCrossSection *b) {
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_cross_section_union(void* mem,
+                                                   ManifoldCrossSection* a,
+                                                   ManifoldCrossSection* b) {
   auto cs = (*from_c(a)) + (*from_c(b));
   return to_c(new (mem) CrossSection(cs));
 }
 
-ManifoldCrossSection *manifold_cross_section_difference(
-    void *mem, ManifoldCrossSection *a, ManifoldCrossSection *b) {
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_cross_section_difference(
+    void* mem, ManifoldCrossSection* a, ManifoldCrossSection* b) {
   auto cs = (*from_c(a)) - (*from_c(b));
   return to_c(new (mem) CrossSection(cs));
 }
 
-ManifoldCrossSection *manifold_cross_section_intersection(
-    void *mem, ManifoldCrossSection *a, ManifoldCrossSection *b) {
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_cross_section_intersection(
+    void* mem, ManifoldCrossSection* a, ManifoldCrossSection* b) {
   auto cs = (*from_c(a)) ^ (*from_c(b));
   return to_c(new (mem) CrossSection(cs));
 }
 
-ManifoldCrossSection *manifold_cross_section_hull(void *mem,
-                                                  ManifoldCrossSection *cs) {
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_cross_section_hull(void* mem,
+                                                  ManifoldCrossSection* cs) {
   auto hulled = from_c(cs)->Hull();
   return to_c(new (mem) CrossSection(hulled));
 }
 
-ManifoldCrossSection *manifold_cross_section_batch_hull(
-    void *mem, ManifoldCrossSectionVec *css) {
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_cross_section_batch_hull(
+    void* mem, ManifoldCrossSectionVec* css) {
   auto hulled = CrossSection::Hull(*from_c(css));
   return to_c(new (mem) CrossSection(hulled));
 }
 
-ManifoldCrossSection *manifold_cross_section_hull_simple_polygon(
-    void *mem, ManifoldSimplePolygon *ps) {
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_cross_section_hull_simple_polygon(
+    void* mem, ManifoldSimplePolygon* ps) {
   auto hulled = CrossSection::Hull(*from_c(ps));
   return to_c(new (mem) CrossSection(hulled));
 }
 
-ManifoldCrossSection *manifold_cross_section_hull_polygons(
-    void *mem, ManifoldPolygons *ps) {
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_cross_section_hull_polygons(
+    void* mem, ManifoldPolygons* ps) {
   auto hulled = CrossSection::Hull(*from_c(ps));
   return to_c(new (mem) CrossSection(hulled));
 }
 
-ManifoldCrossSection *manifold_cross_section_translate(void *mem,
-                                                       ManifoldCrossSection *cs,
-                                                       float x, float y) {
-  auto translated = from_c(cs)->Translate(glm::vec2(x, y));
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_cross_section_translate(void* mem,
+                                                       ManifoldCrossSection* cs,
+                                                       double x, double y) {
+  auto translated = from_c(cs)->Translate(vec2(x, y));
   return to_c(new (mem) CrossSection(translated));
 }
 
-ManifoldCrossSection *manifold_cross_section_rotate(void *mem,
-                                                    ManifoldCrossSection *cs,
-                                                    float deg) {
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_cross_section_rotate(void* mem,
+                                                    ManifoldCrossSection* cs,
+                                                    double deg) {
   auto rotated = from_c(cs)->Rotate(deg);
   return to_c(new (mem) CrossSection(rotated));
 }
 
-ManifoldCrossSection *manifold_cross_section_scale(void *mem,
-                                                   ManifoldCrossSection *cs,
-                                                   float x, float y) {
-  auto scaled = from_c(cs)->Scale(glm::vec2(x, y));
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_cross_section_scale(void* mem,
+                                                   ManifoldCrossSection* cs,
+                                                   double x, double y) {
+  auto scaled = from_c(cs)->Scale(vec2(x, y));
   return to_c(new (mem) CrossSection(scaled));
 }
 
-ManifoldCrossSection *manifold_cross_section_mirror(void *mem,
-                                                    ManifoldCrossSection *cs,
-                                                    float ax_x, float ax_y) {
-  auto mirrored = from_c(cs)->Mirror(glm::vec2(ax_x, ax_y));
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_cross_section_mirror(void* mem,
+                                                    ManifoldCrossSection* cs,
+                                                    double ax_x, double ax_y) {
+  auto mirrored = from_c(cs)->Mirror(vec2(ax_x, ax_y));
   return to_c(new (mem) CrossSection(mirrored));
 }
 
-ManifoldCrossSection *manifold_cross_section_transform(void *mem,
-                                                       ManifoldCrossSection *cs,
-                                                       float x1, float y1,
-                                                       float x2, float y2,
-                                                       float x3, float y3) {
-  auto mat = glm::mat3x2(x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3);
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_cross_section_transform(void* mem,
+                                                       ManifoldCrossSection* cs,
+                                                       double x1, double y1,
+                                                       double x2, double y2,
+                                                       double x3, double y3) {
+  auto mat = mat2x3({x1, y1}, {x2, y2}, {x3, y3});
   auto transformed = from_c(cs)->Transform(mat);
   return to_c(new (mem) CrossSection(transformed));
 }
 
-ManifoldCrossSection *manifold_cross_section_warp(
-    void *mem, ManifoldCrossSection *cs, ManifoldVec2 (*fun)(float, float)) {
-  std::function<void(glm::vec2 & v)> warp = [fun](glm::vec2 &v) {
-    v = from_c(fun(v.x, v.y));
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_cross_section_warp(
+    void* mem, ManifoldCrossSection* cs,
+    ManifoldVec2 (*fun)(double, double, void*), void* ctx) {
+  // Bind function with context argument to one without
+  using namespace std::placeholders;
+  std::function<ManifoldVec2(double, double)> f2 = std::bind(fun, _1, _2, ctx);
+  std::function<void(vec2 & v)> warp = [f2](vec2& v) {
+    v = from_c(f2(v.x, v.y));
   };
   auto warped = from_c(cs)->Warp(warp);
   return to_c(new (mem) CrossSection(warped));
 }
 
-ManifoldCrossSection *manifold_cross_section_simplify(void *mem,
-                                                      ManifoldCrossSection *cs,
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_cross_section_simplify(void* mem,
+                                                      ManifoldCrossSection* cs,
                                                       double epsilon) {
   auto simplified = from_c(cs)->Simplify(epsilon);
   return to_c(new (mem) CrossSection(simplified));
 }
 
-ManifoldCrossSection *manifold_cross_section_offset(
-    void *mem, ManifoldCrossSection *cs, double delta, ManifoldJoinType jt,
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_cross_section_offset(
+    void* mem, ManifoldCrossSection* cs, double delta, ManifoldJoinType jt,
     double miter_limit, int circular_segments) {
   auto offset =
       from_c(cs)->Offset(delta, from_c(jt), miter_limit, circular_segments);
   return to_c(new (mem) CrossSection(offset));
 }
 
-double manifold_cross_section_area(ManifoldCrossSection *cs) {
+double manifold_cross_section_area(ManifoldCrossSection* cs) {
   return from_c(cs)->Area();
 }
 
-int manifold_cross_section_num_vert(ManifoldCrossSection *cs) {
+size_t manifold_cross_section_num_vert(ManifoldCrossSection* cs) {
   return from_c(cs)->NumVert();
 }
 
-int manifold_cross_section_num_contour(ManifoldCrossSection *cs) {
+size_t manifold_cross_section_num_contour(ManifoldCrossSection* cs) {
   return from_c(cs)->NumContour();
 }
 
-int manifold_cross_section_is_empty(ManifoldCrossSection *cs) {
+int manifold_cross_section_is_empty(ManifoldCrossSection* cs) {
   return from_c(cs)->IsEmpty();
 }
 
-ManifoldRect *manifold_cross_section_bounds(void *mem,
-                                            ManifoldCrossSection *cs) {
+ManifoldRect* manifold_cross_section_bounds(void* mem,
+                                            ManifoldCrossSection* cs) {
   auto rect = from_c(cs)->Bounds();
   return to_c(new (mem) Rect(rect));
 }
 
-ManifoldPolygons *manifold_cross_section_to_polygons(void *mem,
-                                                     ManifoldCrossSection *cs) {
+ManifoldPolygons* manifold_cross_section_to_polygons(void* mem,
+                                                     ManifoldCrossSection* cs) {
   auto ps = from_c(cs)->ToPolygons();
   return to_c(new (mem) Polygons(ps));
 }
 
-ManifoldCrossSection *manifold_cross_section_compose(
-    void *mem, ManifoldCrossSectionVec *csv) {
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_cross_section_compose(
+    void* mem, ManifoldCrossSectionVec* csv) {
   auto cs = CrossSection::Compose(*from_c(csv));
   return to_c(new (mem) CrossSection(cs));
 }
 
-ManifoldCrossSectionVec *manifold_cross_section_decompose(
-    void *mem, ManifoldCrossSection *cs) {
+ManifoldCrossSectionVec* manifold_cross_section_decompose(
+    void* mem, ManifoldCrossSection* cs) {
   auto comps = from_c(cs)->Decompose();
   return to_c(new (mem) CrossSectionVec(comps));
 }
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif

bindings/c/include/conv.h

@@ -1,81 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 The Manifold Authors.
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-#pragma once
-#include <cstring>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include "cross_section.h"
-#include "manifold.h"
-#include "public.h"
-#include "sdf.h"
-#include "types.h"
-
-using namespace manifold;
-using ManifoldVec = std::vector<Manifold>;
-using CrossSectionVec = std::vector<CrossSection>;
-
-ManifoldManifold *to_c(manifold::Manifold *m);
-ManifoldManifoldVec *to_c(ManifoldVec *ms);
-ManifoldCrossSection *to_c(manifold::CrossSection *cs);
-ManifoldCrossSectionVec *to_c(CrossSectionVec *csv);
-ManifoldSimplePolygon *to_c(manifold::SimplePolygon *p);
-ManifoldPolygons *to_c(manifold::Polygons *ps);
-ManifoldMesh *to_c(manifold::Mesh *m);
-ManifoldMeshGL *to_c(manifold::MeshGL *m);
-ManifoldBox *to_c(manifold::Box *m);
-ManifoldRect *to_c(manifold::Rect *m);
-ManifoldError to_c(manifold::Manifold::Error error);
-ManifoldVec2 to_c(glm::vec2 v);
-ManifoldVec3 to_c(glm::vec3 v);
-ManifoldIVec3 to_c(glm::ivec3 v);
-ManifoldProperties to_c(manifold::Properties p);
-
-const manifold::Manifold *from_c(ManifoldManifold *m);
-ManifoldVec *from_c(ManifoldManifoldVec *ms);
-const manifold::CrossSection *from_c(ManifoldCrossSection *cs);
-CrossSectionVec *from_c(ManifoldCrossSectionVec *csv);
-const manifold::SimplePolygon *from_c(ManifoldSimplePolygon *m);
-const manifold::Polygons *from_c(ManifoldPolygons *m);
-const manifold::Mesh *from_c(ManifoldMesh *m);
-const manifold::MeshGL *from_c(ManifoldMeshGL *m);
-OpType from_c(ManifoldOpType op);
-CrossSection::FillRule from_c(ManifoldFillRule fillrule);
-CrossSection::JoinType from_c(ManifoldJoinType jt);
-const manifold::Box *from_c(ManifoldBox *m);
-const manifold::Rect *from_c(ManifoldRect *r);
-glm::vec2 from_c(ManifoldVec2 v);
-glm::vec3 from_c(ManifoldVec3 v);
-glm::ivec3 from_c(ManifoldIVec3 v);
-glm::vec4 from_c(ManifoldVec4 v);
-
-std::vector<glm::vec3> vector_of_vec_array(ManifoldVec3 *vs, size_t length);
-std::vector<glm::ivec3> vector_of_vec_array(ManifoldIVec3 *vs, size_t length);
-std::vector<glm::vec4> vector_of_vec_array(ManifoldVec4 *vs, size_t length);
-
-template <typename T>
-std::vector<T> vector_of_array(T *ts, size_t length) {
-  auto vec = std::vector<T>();
-  for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
-    vec.push_back(ts[i]);
-  }
-  return vec;
-}
-
-template <typename T>
-T *copy_data(void *mem, std::vector<T> v) {
-  T *ts = reinterpret_cast<T *>(mem);
-  memcpy(ts, v.data(), sizeof(T) * v.size());
-  return ts;
-}

bindings/c/include/manifold/manifoldc.h

@@ -0,0 +1,514 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Manifold Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include "manifold/types.h"
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+#include <cstdint>
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+// Polygons
+
+ManifoldSimplePolygon* manifold_simple_polygon(void* mem, ManifoldVec2* ps,
+                                               size_t length);
+ManifoldPolygons* manifold_polygons(void* mem, ManifoldSimplePolygon** ps,
+                                    size_t length);
+size_t manifold_simple_polygon_length(ManifoldSimplePolygon* p);
+size_t manifold_polygons_length(ManifoldPolygons* ps);
+size_t manifold_polygons_simple_length(ManifoldPolygons* ps, size_t idx);
+ManifoldVec2 manifold_simple_polygon_get_point(ManifoldSimplePolygon* p,
+                                               size_t idx);
+ManifoldSimplePolygon* manifold_polygons_get_simple(void* mem,
+                                                    ManifoldPolygons* ps,
+                                                    size_t idx);
+ManifoldVec2 manifold_polygons_get_point(ManifoldPolygons* ps,
+                                         size_t simple_idx, size_t pt_idx);
+
+// Mesh Construction
+
+ManifoldMeshGL* manifold_meshgl(void* mem, float* vert_props, size_t n_verts,
+                                size_t n_props, uint32_t* tri_verts,
+                                size_t n_tris);
+
+ManifoldMeshGL* manifold_meshgl_w_tangents(void* mem, float* vert_props,
+                                           size_t n_verts, size_t n_props,
+                                           uint32_t* tri_verts, size_t n_tris,
+                                           float* halfedge_tangent);
+ManifoldMeshGL* manifold_get_meshgl(void* mem, ManifoldManifold* m);
+ManifoldMeshGL* manifold_meshgl_copy(void* mem, ManifoldMeshGL* m);
+ManifoldMeshGL* manifold_meshgl_merge(void* mem, ManifoldMeshGL* m);
+
+ManifoldMeshGL64* manifold_meshgl64(void* mem, double* vert_props,
+                                    size_t n_verts, size_t n_props,
+                                    uint64_t* tri_verts, size_t n_tris);
+
+ManifoldMeshGL64* manifold_meshgl64_w_tangents(void* mem, double* vert_props,
+                                               size_t n_verts, size_t n_props,
+                                               uint64_t* tri_verts,
+                                               size_t n_tris,
+                                               double* halfedge_tangent);
+ManifoldMeshGL64* manifold_get_meshgl64(void* mem, ManifoldManifold* m);
+ManifoldMeshGL64* manifold_meshgl64_copy(void* mem, ManifoldMeshGL64* m);
+ManifoldMeshGL64* manifold_meshgl64_merge(void* mem, ManifoldMeshGL64* m);
+
+// SDF
+// By default, the execution policy (sequential or parallel) of
+// manifold_level_set will be chosen automatically depending on the size of the
+// job and whether Manifold has been compiled with a PAR backend. If you are
+// using these bindings from a language that has a runtime lock preventing the
+// parallel execution of closures, then you should use manifold_level_set_seq to
+// force sequential execution.
+ManifoldManifold* manifold_level_set(void* mem, ManifoldSdf sdf,
+                                     ManifoldBox* bounds, double edge_length,
+                                     double level, double tolerance, void* ctx);
+ManifoldManifold* manifold_level_set_seq(void* mem, ManifoldSdf sdf,
+                                         ManifoldBox* bounds,
+                                         double edge_length, double level,
+                                         double tolerance, void* ctx);
+
+// Manifold Vectors
+
+ManifoldManifoldVec* manifold_manifold_empty_vec(void* mem);
+ManifoldManifoldVec* manifold_manifold_vec(void* mem, size_t sz);
+void manifold_manifold_vec_reserve(ManifoldManifoldVec* ms, size_t sz);
+size_t manifold_manifold_vec_length(ManifoldManifoldVec* ms);
+ManifoldManifold* manifold_manifold_vec_get(void* mem, ManifoldManifoldVec* ms,
+                                            size_t idx);
+void manifold_manifold_vec_set(ManifoldManifoldVec* ms, size_t idx,
+                               ManifoldManifold* m);
+void manifold_manifold_vec_push_back(ManifoldManifoldVec* ms,
+                                     ManifoldManifold* m);
+
+// Manifold Booleans
+
+ManifoldManifold* manifold_boolean(void* mem, ManifoldManifold* a,
+                                   ManifoldManifold* b, ManifoldOpType op);
+ManifoldManifold* manifold_batch_boolean(void* mem, ManifoldManifoldVec* ms,
+                                         ManifoldOpType op);
+ManifoldManifold* manifold_union(void* mem, ManifoldManifold* a,
+                                 ManifoldManifold* b);
+ManifoldManifold* manifold_difference(void* mem, ManifoldManifold* a,
+                                      ManifoldManifold* b);
+ManifoldManifold* manifold_intersection(void* mem, ManifoldManifold* a,
+                                        ManifoldManifold* b);
+ManifoldManifoldPair manifold_split(void* mem_first, void* mem_second,
+                                    ManifoldManifold* a, ManifoldManifold* b);
+ManifoldManifoldPair manifold_split_by_plane(void* mem_first, void* mem_second,
+                                             ManifoldManifold* m,
+                                             double normal_x, double normal_y,
+                                             double normal_z, double offset);
+ManifoldManifold* manifold_trim_by_plane(void* mem, ManifoldManifold* m,
+                                         double normal_x, double normal_y,
+                                         double normal_z, double offset);
+
+// 3D to 2D
+
+ManifoldPolygons* manifold_slice(void* mem, ManifoldManifold* m, double height);
+ManifoldPolygons* manifold_project(void* mem, ManifoldManifold* m);
+
+// Convex Hulls
+
+ManifoldManifold* manifold_hull(void* mem, ManifoldManifold* m);
+ManifoldManifold* manifold_batch_hull(void* mem, ManifoldManifoldVec* ms);
+ManifoldManifold* manifold_hull_pts(void* mem, ManifoldVec3* ps, size_t length);
+
+// Manifold Transformations
+
+ManifoldManifold* manifold_translate(void* mem, ManifoldManifold* m, double x,
+                                     double y, double z);
+ManifoldManifold* manifold_rotate(void* mem, ManifoldManifold* m, double x,
+                                  double y, double z);
+ManifoldManifold* manifold_scale(void* mem, ManifoldManifold* m, double x,
+                                 double y, double z);
+ManifoldManifold* manifold_transform(void* mem, ManifoldManifold* m, double x1,
+                                     double y1, double z1, double x2, double y2,
+                                     double z2, double x3, double y3, double z3,
+                                     double x4, double y4, double z4);
+ManifoldManifold* manifold_mirror(void* mem, ManifoldManifold* m, double nx,
+                                  double ny, double nz);
+ManifoldManifold* manifold_warp(void* mem, ManifoldManifold* m,
+                                ManifoldVec3 (*fun)(double, double, double,
+                                                    void*),
+                                void* ctx);
+ManifoldManifold* manifold_smooth_by_normals(void* mem, ManifoldManifold* m,
+                                             int normalIdx);
+ManifoldManifold* manifold_smooth_out(void* mem, ManifoldManifold* m,
+                                      double minSharpAngle,
+                                      double minSmoothness);
+ManifoldManifold* manifold_refine(void* mem, ManifoldManifold* m, int refine);
+ManifoldManifold* manifold_refine_to_length(void* mem, ManifoldManifold* m,
+                                            double length);
+ManifoldManifold* manifold_refine_to_tolerance(void* mem, ManifoldManifold* m,
+                                               double tolerance);
+
+// Manifold Shapes / Constructors
+
+ManifoldManifold* manifold_empty(void* mem);
+ManifoldManifold* manifold_copy(void* mem, ManifoldManifold* m);
+ManifoldManifold* manifold_tetrahedron(void* mem);
+ManifoldManifold* manifold_cube(void* mem, double x, double y, double z,
+                                int center);
+ManifoldManifold* manifold_cylinder(void* mem, double height, double radius_low,
+                                    double radius_high, int circular_segments,
+                                    int center);
+ManifoldManifold* manifold_sphere(void* mem, double radius,
+                                  int circular_segments);
+ManifoldManifold* manifold_of_meshgl(void* mem, ManifoldMeshGL* mesh);
+ManifoldManifold* manifold_of_meshgl64(void* mem, ManifoldMeshGL64* mesh);
+ManifoldManifold* manifold_smooth(void* mem, ManifoldMeshGL* mesh,
+                                  size_t* half_edges, double* smoothness,
+                                  size_t n_idxs);
+ManifoldManifold* manifold_smooth64(void* mem, ManifoldMeshGL64* mesh,
+                                    size_t* half_edges, double* smoothness,
+                                    size_t n_idxs);
+ManifoldManifold* manifold_extrude(void* mem, ManifoldPolygons* cs,
+                                   double height, int slices,
+                                   double twist_degrees, double scale_x,
+                                   double scale_y);
+ManifoldManifold* manifold_revolve(void* mem, ManifoldPolygons* cs,
+                                   int circular_segments,
+                                   double revolve_degrees);
+ManifoldManifold* manifold_compose(void* mem, ManifoldManifoldVec* ms);
+ManifoldManifoldVec* manifold_decompose(void* mem, ManifoldManifold* m);
+
+ManifoldManifold* manifold_as_original(void* mem, ManifoldManifold* m);
+
+// Manifold Info
+
+int manifold_is_empty(ManifoldManifold* m);
+ManifoldError manifold_status(ManifoldManifold* m);
+size_t manifold_num_vert(ManifoldManifold* m);
+size_t manifold_num_edge(ManifoldManifold* m);
+size_t manifold_num_tri(ManifoldManifold* m);
+size_t manifold_num_prop(ManifoldManifold* m);
+ManifoldBox* manifold_bounding_box(void* mem, ManifoldManifold* m);
+double manifold_epsilon(ManifoldManifold* m);
+int manifold_genus(ManifoldManifold* m);
+double manifold_surface_area(ManifoldManifold* m);
+double manifold_volume(ManifoldManifold* m);
+int manifold_get_circular_segments(double radius);
+int manifold_original_id(ManifoldManifold* m);
+uint32_t manifold_reserve_ids(uint32_t n);
+ManifoldManifold* manifold_set_properties(
+    void* mem, ManifoldManifold* m, int num_prop,
+    void (*fun)(double* new_prop, ManifoldVec3 position, const double* old_prop,
+                void* ctx),
+    void* ctx);
+ManifoldManifold* manifold_calculate_curvature(void* mem, ManifoldManifold* m,
+                                               int gaussian_idx, int mean_idx);
+double manifold_min_gap(ManifoldManifold* m, ManifoldManifold* other,
+                        double searchLength);
+ManifoldManifold* manifold_calculate_normals(void* mem, ManifoldManifold* m,
+                                             int normal_idx,
+                                             double min_sharp_angle);
+
+// CrossSection Shapes/Constructors
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_cross_section_empty(void* mem);
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_cross_section_copy(void* mem,
+                                                  ManifoldCrossSection* cs);
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_cross_section_of_simple_polygon(
+    void* mem, ManifoldSimplePolygon* p, ManifoldFillRule fr);
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_cross_section_of_polygons(void* mem,
+                                                         ManifoldPolygons* p,
+                                                         ManifoldFillRule fr);
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_cross_section_square(void* mem, double x,
+                                                    double y, int center);
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_cross_section_circle(void* mem, double radius,
+                                                    int circular_segments);
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_cross_section_compose(
+    void* mem, ManifoldCrossSectionVec* csv);
+ManifoldCrossSectionVec* manifold_cross_section_decompose(
+    void* mem, ManifoldCrossSection* cs);
+
+// CrossSection Vectors
+
+ManifoldCrossSectionVec* manifold_cross_section_empty_vec(void* mem);
+ManifoldCrossSectionVec* manifold_cross_section_vec(void* mem, size_t sz);
+void manifold_cross_section_vec_reserve(ManifoldCrossSectionVec* csv,
+                                        size_t sz);
+size_t manifold_cross_section_vec_length(ManifoldCrossSectionVec* csv);
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_cross_section_vec_get(
+    void* mem, ManifoldCrossSectionVec* csv, size_t idx);
+void manifold_cross_section_vec_set(ManifoldCrossSectionVec* csv, size_t idx,
+                                    ManifoldCrossSection* cs);
+void manifold_cross_section_vec_push_back(ManifoldCrossSectionVec* csv,
+                                          ManifoldCrossSection* cs);
+
+// CrossSection Booleans
+
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_cross_section_boolean(void* mem,
+                                                     ManifoldCrossSection* a,
+                                                     ManifoldCrossSection* b,
+                                                     ManifoldOpType op);
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_cross_section_batch_boolean(
+    void* mem, ManifoldCrossSectionVec* csv, ManifoldOpType op);
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_cross_section_union(void* mem,
+                                                   ManifoldCrossSection* a,
+                                                   ManifoldCrossSection* b);
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_cross_section_difference(
+    void* mem, ManifoldCrossSection* a, ManifoldCrossSection* b);
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_cross_section_intersection(
+    void* mem, ManifoldCrossSection* a, ManifoldCrossSection* b);
+
+// CrossSection Convex Hulls
+
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_cross_section_hull(void* mem,
+                                                  ManifoldCrossSection* cs);
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_cross_section_batch_hull(
+    void* mem, ManifoldCrossSectionVec* css);
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_cross_section_hull_simple_polygon(
+    void* mem, ManifoldSimplePolygon* ps);
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_cross_section_hull_polygons(
+    void* mem, ManifoldPolygons* ps);
+
+// CrossSection Transformation
+
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_cross_section_translate(void* mem,
+                                                       ManifoldCrossSection* cs,
+                                                       double x, double y);
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_cross_section_rotate(void* mem,
+                                                    ManifoldCrossSection* cs,
+                                                    double deg);
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_cross_section_scale(void* mem,
+                                                   ManifoldCrossSection* cs,
+                                                   double x, double y);
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_cross_section_mirror(void* mem,
+                                                    ManifoldCrossSection* cs,
+                                                    double ax_x, double ax_y);
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_cross_section_transform(void* mem,
+                                                       ManifoldCrossSection* cs,
+                                                       double x1, double y1,
+                                                       double x2, double y2,
+                                                       double x3, double y3);
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_cross_section_warp(
+    void* mem, ManifoldCrossSection* cs, ManifoldVec2 (*fun)(double, double));
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_cross_section_warp_context(
+    void* mem, ManifoldCrossSection* cs,
+    ManifoldVec2 (*fun)(double, double, void*), void* ctx);
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_cross_section_simplify(void* mem,
+                                                      ManifoldCrossSection* cs,
+                                                      double epsilon);
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_cross_section_offset(
+    void* mem, ManifoldCrossSection* cs, double delta, ManifoldJoinType jt,
+    double miter_limit, int circular_segments);
+
+// CrossSection Info
+
+double manifold_cross_section_area(ManifoldCrossSection* cs);
+size_t manifold_cross_section_num_vert(ManifoldCrossSection* cs);
+size_t manifold_cross_section_num_contour(ManifoldCrossSection* cs);
+int manifold_cross_section_is_empty(ManifoldCrossSection* cs);
+ManifoldRect* manifold_cross_section_bounds(void* mem,
+                                            ManifoldCrossSection* cs);
+ManifoldPolygons* manifold_cross_section_to_polygons(void* mem,
+                                                     ManifoldCrossSection* cs);
+
+// Rectangle
+
+ManifoldRect* manifold_rect(void* mem, double x1, double y1, double x2,
+                            double y2);
+ManifoldVec2 manifold_rect_min(ManifoldRect* r);
+ManifoldVec2 manifold_rect_max(ManifoldRect* r);
+ManifoldVec2 manifold_rect_dimensions(ManifoldRect* r);
+ManifoldVec2 manifold_rect_center(ManifoldRect* r);
+double manifold_rect_scale(ManifoldRect* r);
+int manifold_rect_contains_pt(ManifoldRect* r, double x, double y);
+int manifold_rect_contains_rect(ManifoldRect* a, ManifoldRect* b);
+void manifold_rect_include_pt(ManifoldRect* r, double x, double y);
+ManifoldRect* manifold_rect_union(void* mem, ManifoldRect* a, ManifoldRect* b);
+ManifoldRect* manifold_rect_transform(void* mem, ManifoldRect* r, double x1,
+                                      double y1, double x2, double y2,
+                                      double x3, double y3);
+ManifoldRect* manifold_rect_translate(void* mem, ManifoldRect* r, double x,
+                                      double y);
+ManifoldRect* manifold_rect_mul(void* mem, ManifoldRect* r, double x, double y);
+int manifold_rect_does_overlap_rect(ManifoldRect* a, ManifoldRect* r);
+int manifold_rect_is_empty(ManifoldRect* r);
+int manifold_rect_is_finite(ManifoldRect* r);
+
+// Bounding Box
+
+ManifoldBox* manifold_box(void* mem, double x1, double y1, double z1, double x2,
+                          double y2, double z2);
+ManifoldVec3 manifold_box_min(ManifoldBox* b);
+ManifoldVec3 manifold_box_max(ManifoldBox* b);
+ManifoldVec3 manifold_box_dimensions(ManifoldBox* b);
+ManifoldVec3 manifold_box_center(ManifoldBox* b);
+double manifold_box_scale(ManifoldBox* b);
+int manifold_box_contains_pt(ManifoldBox* b, double x, double y, double z);
+int manifold_box_contains_box(ManifoldBox* a, ManifoldBox* b);
+void manifold_box_include_pt(ManifoldBox* b, double x, double y, double z);
+ManifoldBox* manifold_box_union(void* mem, ManifoldBox* a, ManifoldBox* b);
+ManifoldBox* manifold_box_transform(void* mem, ManifoldBox* b, double x1,
+                                    double y1, double z1, double x2, double y2,
+                                    double z2, double x3, double y3, double z3,
+                                    double x4, double y4, double z4);
+ManifoldBox* manifold_box_translate(void* mem, ManifoldBox* b, double x,
+                                    double y, double z);
+ManifoldBox* manifold_box_mul(void* mem, ManifoldBox* b, double x, double y,
+                              double z);
+int manifold_box_does_overlap_pt(ManifoldBox* b, double x, double y, double z);
+int manifold_box_does_overlap_box(ManifoldBox* a, ManifoldBox* b);
+int manifold_box_is_finite(ManifoldBox* b);
+
+// Static Quality Globals
+
+void manifold_set_min_circular_angle(double degrees);
+void manifold_set_min_circular_edge_length(double length);
+void manifold_set_circular_segments(int number);
+void manifold_reset_to_circular_defaults();
+
+// Manifold Mesh Extraction
+
+int manifold_meshgl_num_prop(ManifoldMeshGL* m);
+int manifold_meshgl_num_vert(ManifoldMeshGL* m);
+int manifold_meshgl_num_tri(ManifoldMeshGL* m);
+size_t manifold_meshgl_vert_properties_length(ManifoldMeshGL* m);
+size_t manifold_meshgl_tri_length(ManifoldMeshGL* m);
+size_t manifold_meshgl_merge_length(ManifoldMeshGL* m);
+size_t manifold_meshgl_run_index_length(ManifoldMeshGL* m);
+size_t manifold_meshgl_run_original_id_length(ManifoldMeshGL* m);
+size_t manifold_meshgl_run_transform_length(ManifoldMeshGL* m);
+size_t manifold_meshgl_face_id_length(ManifoldMeshGL* m);
+size_t manifold_meshgl_tangent_length(ManifoldMeshGL* m);
+float* manifold_meshgl_vert_properties(void* mem, ManifoldMeshGL* m);
+uint32_t* manifold_meshgl_tri_verts(void* mem, ManifoldMeshGL* m);
+uint32_t* manifold_meshgl_merge_from_vert(void* mem, ManifoldMeshGL* m);
+uint32_t* manifold_meshgl_merge_to_vert(void* mem, ManifoldMeshGL* m);
+uint32_t* manifold_meshgl_run_index(void* mem, ManifoldMeshGL* m);
+uint32_t* manifold_meshgl_run_original_id(void* mem, ManifoldMeshGL* m);
+float* manifold_meshgl_run_transform(void* mem, ManifoldMeshGL* m);
+uint32_t* manifold_meshgl_face_id(void* mem, ManifoldMeshGL* m);
+float* manifold_meshgl_halfedge_tangent(void* mem, ManifoldMeshGL* m);
+
+size_t manifold_meshgl64_num_prop(ManifoldMeshGL64* m);
+size_t manifold_meshgl64_num_vert(ManifoldMeshGL64* m);
+size_t manifold_meshgl64_num_tri(ManifoldMeshGL64* m);
+size_t manifold_meshgl64_vert_properties_length(ManifoldMeshGL64* m);
+size_t manifold_meshgl64_tri_length(ManifoldMeshGL64* m);
+size_t manifold_meshgl64_merge_length(ManifoldMeshGL64* m);
+size_t manifold_meshgl64_run_index_length(ManifoldMeshGL64* m);
+size_t manifold_meshgl64_run_original_id_length(ManifoldMeshGL64* m);
+size_t manifold_meshgl64_run_transform_length(ManifoldMeshGL64* m);
+size_t manifold_meshgl64_face_id_length(ManifoldMeshGL64* m);
+size_t manifold_meshgl64_tangent_length(ManifoldMeshGL64* m);
+double* manifold_meshgl64_vert_properties(void* mem, ManifoldMeshGL64* m);
+uint64_t* manifold_meshgl64_tri_verts(void* mem, ManifoldMeshGL64* m);
+uint64_t* manifold_meshgl64_merge_from_vert(void* mem, ManifoldMeshGL64* m);
+uint64_t* manifold_meshgl64_merge_to_vert(void* mem, ManifoldMeshGL64* m);
+uint64_t* manifold_meshgl64_run_index(void* mem, ManifoldMeshGL64* m);
+uint32_t* manifold_meshgl64_run_original_id(void* mem, ManifoldMeshGL64* m);
+double* manifold_meshgl64_run_transform(void* mem, ManifoldMeshGL64* m);
+uint64_t* manifold_meshgl64_face_id(void* mem, ManifoldMeshGL64* m);
+double* manifold_meshgl64_halfedge_tangent(void* mem, ManifoldMeshGL64* m);
+
+// Triangulation
+
+ManifoldTriangulation* manifold_triangulate(void* mem, ManifoldPolygons* ps,
+                                            double epsilon);
+size_t manifold_triangulation_num_tri(ManifoldTriangulation* m);
+int* manifold_triangulation_tri_verts(void* mem, ManifoldTriangulation* m);
+
+// memory size
+
+size_t manifold_manifold_size();
+size_t manifold_manifold_vec_size();
+size_t manifold_cross_section_size();
+size_t manifold_cross_section_vec_size();
+size_t manifold_simple_polygon_size();
+size_t manifold_polygons_size();
+size_t manifold_manifold_pair_size();
+size_t manifold_meshgl_size();
+size_t manifold_meshgl64_size();
+size_t manifold_box_size();
+size_t manifold_rect_size();
+size_t manifold_curvature_size();
+size_t manifold_triangulation_size();
+
+// allocation
+
+ManifoldManifold* manifold_alloc_manifold();
+ManifoldManifoldVec* manifold_alloc_manifold_vec();
+ManifoldCrossSection* manifold_alloc_cross_section();
+ManifoldCrossSectionVec* manifold_alloc_cross_section_vec();
+ManifoldSimplePolygon* manifold_alloc_simple_polygon();
+ManifoldPolygons* manifold_alloc_polygons();
+ManifoldMeshGL* manifold_alloc_meshgl();
+ManifoldMeshGL64* manifold_alloc_meshgl64();
+ManifoldBox* manifold_alloc_box();
+ManifoldRect* manifold_alloc_rect();
+ManifoldTriangulation* manifold_alloc_triangulation();
+
+// destruction
+
+void manifold_destruct_manifold(ManifoldManifold* m);
+void manifold_destruct_manifold_vec(ManifoldManifoldVec* ms);
+void manifold_destruct_cross_section(ManifoldCrossSection* m);
+void manifold_destruct_cross_section_vec(ManifoldCrossSectionVec* csv);
+void manifold_destruct_simple_polygon(ManifoldSimplePolygon* p);
+void manifold_destruct_polygons(ManifoldPolygons* p);
+void manifold_destruct_meshgl(ManifoldMeshGL* m);
+void manifold_destruct_meshgl64(ManifoldMeshGL64* m);
+void manifold_destruct_box(ManifoldBox* b);
+void manifold_destruct_rect(ManifoldRect* b);
+void manifold_destruct_triangulation(ManifoldTriangulation* M);
+
+// pointer free + destruction
+
+void manifold_delete_manifold(ManifoldManifold* m);
+void manifold_delete_manifold_vec(ManifoldManifoldVec* ms);
+void manifold_delete_cross_section(ManifoldCrossSection* cs);
+void manifold_delete_cross_section_vec(ManifoldCrossSectionVec* csv);
+void manifold_delete_simple_polygon(ManifoldSimplePolygon* p);
+void manifold_delete_polygons(ManifoldPolygons* p);
+void manifold_delete_meshgl(ManifoldMeshGL* m);
+void manifold_delete_meshgl64(ManifoldMeshGL64* m);
+void manifold_delete_box(ManifoldBox* b);
+void manifold_delete_rect(ManifoldRect* b);
+void manifold_delete_triangulation(ManifoldTriangulation* m);
+
+// MeshIO / Export
+
+#ifdef MANIFOLD_EXPORT
+ManifoldMaterial* manifold_material(void* mem);
+void manifold_material_set_roughness(ManifoldMaterial* mat, double roughness);
+void manifold_material_set_metalness(ManifoldMaterial* mat, double metalness);
+void manifold_material_set_color(ManifoldMaterial* mat, ManifoldVec3 color);
+ManifoldExportOptions* manifold_export_options(void* mem);
+void manifold_export_options_set_faceted(ManifoldExportOptions* options,
+                                         int faceted);
+void manifold_export_options_set_material(ManifoldExportOptions* options,
+                                          ManifoldMaterial* mat);
+void manifold_export_meshgl(const char* filename, ManifoldMeshGL* mesh,
+                            ManifoldExportOptions* options);
+ManifoldMeshGL* manifold_import_meshgl(void* mem, const char* filename,
+                                       int force_cleanup);
+
+size_t manifold_material_size();
+size_t manifold_export_options_size();
+
+void manifold_destruct_material(ManifoldMaterial* m);
+void manifold_destruct_export_options(ManifoldExportOptions* options);
+
+void manifold_delete_material(ManifoldMaterial* m);
+void manifold_delete_export_options(ManifoldExportOptions* options);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif

bindings/c/include/manifold/types.h

@@ -23,10 +23,11 @@ typedef struct ManifoldCrossSection ManifoldCrossSection;
 typedef struct ManifoldCrossSectionVec ManifoldCrossSectionVec;
 typedef struct ManifoldSimplePolygon ManifoldSimplePolygon;
 typedef struct ManifoldPolygons ManifoldPolygons;
-typedef struct ManifoldMesh ManifoldMesh;
 typedef struct ManifoldMeshGL ManifoldMeshGL;
+typedef struct ManifoldMeshGL64 ManifoldMeshGL64;
 typedef struct ManifoldBox ManifoldBox;
 typedef struct ManifoldRect ManifoldRect;
+typedef struct ManifoldTriangulation ManifoldTriangulation;
 
 #ifdef MANIFOLD_EXPORT
 typedef struct ManifoldMaterial ManifoldMaterial;
@@ -41,14 +42,14 @@ typedef struct ManifoldManifoldPair {
 } ManifoldManifoldPair;
 
 typedef struct ManifoldVec2 {
-  float x;
-  float y;
+  double x;
+  double y;
 } ManifoldVec2;
 
 typedef struct ManifoldVec3 {
-  float x;
-  float y;
-  float z;
+  double x;
+  double y;
+  double z;
 } ManifoldVec3;
 
 typedef struct ManifoldIVec3 {
@@ -58,15 +59,15 @@ typedef struct ManifoldIVec3 {
 } ManifoldIVec3;
 
 typedef struct ManifoldVec4 {
-  float x;
-  float y;
-  float z;
-  float w;
+  double x;
+  double y;
+  double z;
+  double w;
 } ManifoldVec4;
 
 typedef struct ManifoldProperties {
-  float surface_area;
-  float volume;
+  double surface_area;
+  double volume;
 } ManifoldProperties;
 
 // enums
@@ -90,6 +91,7 @@ typedef enum ManifoldError {
   MANIFOLD_RUN_INDEX_WRONG_LENGTH,
   MANIFOLD_FACE_ID_WRONG_LENGTH,
   MANIFOLD_INVALID_CONSTRUCTION,
+  MANIFOLD_RESULT_TOO_LARGE,
 } ManifoldError;
 
 typedef enum ManifoldFillRule {
@@ -103,4 +105,8 @@ typedef enum ManifoldJoinType {
   MANIFOLD_JOIN_TYPE_SQUARE,
   MANIFOLD_JOIN_TYPE_ROUND,
   MANIFOLD_JOIN_TYPE_MITER,
+  MANIFOLD_JOIN_TYPE_BEVEL,
 } ManifoldJoinType;
+
+// function pointer
+typedef double (*ManifoldSdf)(double, double, double, void*);

bindings/c/include/manifoldc.h

@@ -1,428 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 The Manifold Authors.
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-#include <stddef.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
-
-#include "types.h"
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-#include <cstdint>
-extern "C" {
-#endif
-
-// Polygons
-
-ManifoldSimplePolygon *manifold_simple_polygon(void *mem, ManifoldVec2 *ps,
-                                               size_t length);
-ManifoldPolygons *manifold_polygons(void *mem, ManifoldSimplePolygon **ps,
-                                    size_t length);
-size_t manifold_simple_polygon_length(ManifoldSimplePolygon *p);
-size_t manifold_polygons_length(ManifoldPolygons *ps);
-size_t manifold_polygons_simple_length(ManifoldPolygons *ps, int idx);
-ManifoldVec2 manifold_simple_polygon_get_point(ManifoldSimplePolygon *p,
-                                               int idx);
-ManifoldSimplePolygon *manifold_polygons_get_simple(void *mem,
-                                                    ManifoldPolygons *ps,
-                                                    int idx);
-ManifoldVec2 manifold_polygons_get_point(ManifoldPolygons *ps, int simple_idx,
-                                         int pt_idx);
-
-// Mesh Construction
-
-ManifoldMeshGL *manifold_meshgl(void *mem, float *vert_props, size_t n_verts,
-                                size_t n_props, uint32_t *tri_verts,
-                                size_t n_tris);
-
-ManifoldMeshGL *manifold_meshgl_w_tangents(void *mem, float *vert_props,
-                                           size_t n_verts, size_t n_props,
-                                           uint32_t *tri_verts, size_t n_tris,
-                                           float *halfedge_tangent);
-ManifoldMeshGL *manifold_get_meshgl(void *mem, ManifoldManifold *m);
-ManifoldMeshGL *manifold_meshgl_copy(void *mem, ManifoldMeshGL *m);
-
-// SDF
-// By default, the execution policy (sequential or parallel) of
-// manifold_level_set will be chosen automatically depending on the size of the
-// job and whether Manifold has been compiled with a PAR backend. If you are
-// using these bindings from a language that has a runtime lock preventing the
-// parallel execution of closures, then you should use manifold_level_set_seq to
-// force sequential execution.
-ManifoldMeshGL *manifold_level_set(void *mem, float (*sdf)(float, float, float),
-                                   ManifoldBox *bounds, float edge_length,
-                                   float level);
-ManifoldMeshGL *manifold_level_set_seq(void *mem,
-                                       float (*sdf)(float, float, float),
-                                       ManifoldBox *bounds, float edge_length,
-                                       float level);
-// The _context variants of manifold_level_set allow a pointer to be passed
-// back to each invocation of the sdf function pointer, for languages that
-// need additional data.
-ManifoldMeshGL *manifold_level_set_context(
-    void *mem, float (*sdf)(float, float, float, void *), ManifoldBox *bounds,
-    float edge_length, float level, void *ctx);
-ManifoldMeshGL *manifold_level_set_seq_context(
-    void *mem, float (*sdf)(float, float, float, void *), ManifoldBox *bounds,
-    float edge_length, float level, void *ctx);
-
-// Manifold Vectors
-
-ManifoldManifoldVec *manifold_manifold_empty_vec(void *mem);
-ManifoldManifoldVec *manifold_manifold_vec(void *mem, size_t sz);
-void manifold_manifold_vec_reserve(ManifoldManifoldVec *ms, size_t sz);
-size_t manifold_manifold_vec_length(ManifoldManifoldVec *ms);
-ManifoldManifold *manifold_manifold_vec_get(void *mem, ManifoldManifoldVec *ms,
-                                            int idx);
-void manifold_manifold_vec_set(ManifoldManifoldVec *ms, int idx,
-                               ManifoldManifold *m);
-void manifold_manifold_vec_push_back(ManifoldManifoldVec *ms,
-                                     ManifoldManifold *m);
-
-// Manifold Booleans
-
-ManifoldManifold *manifold_boolean(void *mem, ManifoldManifold *a,
-                                   ManifoldManifold *b, ManifoldOpType op);
-ManifoldManifold *manifold_batch_boolean(void *mem, ManifoldManifoldVec *ms,
-                                         ManifoldOpType op);
-ManifoldManifold *manifold_union(void *mem, ManifoldManifold *a,
-                                 ManifoldManifold *b);
-ManifoldManifold *manifold_difference(void *mem, ManifoldManifold *a,
-                                      ManifoldManifold *b);
-ManifoldManifold *manifold_intersection(void *mem, ManifoldManifold *a,
-                                        ManifoldManifold *b);
-ManifoldManifoldPair manifold_split(void *mem_first, void *mem_second,
-                                    ManifoldManifold *a, ManifoldManifold *b);
-ManifoldManifoldPair manifold_split_by_plane(void *mem_first, void *mem_second,
-                                             ManifoldManifold *m,
-                                             float normal_x, float normal_y,
-                                             float normal_z, float offset);
-ManifoldManifold *manifold_trim_by_plane(void *mem, ManifoldManifold *m,
-                                         float normal_x, float normal_y,
-                                         float normal_z, float offset);
-
-// Convex Hulls
-
-ManifoldManifold *manifold_hull(void *mem, ManifoldManifold *m);
-ManifoldManifold *manifold_batch_hull(void *mem, ManifoldManifoldVec *ms);
-ManifoldManifold *manifold_hull_pts(void *mem, ManifoldVec3 *ps, size_t length);
-
-// Manifold Transformations
-
-ManifoldManifold *manifold_translate(void *mem, ManifoldManifold *m, float x,
-                                     float y, float z);
-ManifoldManifold *manifold_rotate(void *mem, ManifoldManifold *m, float x,
-                                  float y, float z);
-ManifoldManifold *manifold_scale(void *mem, ManifoldManifold *m, float x,
-                                 float y, float z);
-ManifoldManifold *manifold_transform(void *mem, ManifoldManifold *m, float x1,
-                                     float y1, float z1, float x2, float y2,
-                                     float z2, float x3, float y3, float z3,
-                                     float x4, float y4, float z4);
-ManifoldManifold *manifold_mirror(void *mem, ManifoldManifold *m, float nx,
-                                  float ny, float nz);
-ManifoldManifold *manifold_warp(void *mem, ManifoldManifold *m,
-                                ManifoldVec3 (*fun)(float, float, float));
-ManifoldManifold *manifold_refine(void *mem, ManifoldManifold *m, int refine);
-
-// Manifold Shapes / Constructors
-
-ManifoldManifold *manifold_empty(void *mem);
-ManifoldManifold *manifold_copy(void *mem, ManifoldManifold *m);
-ManifoldManifold *manifold_tetrahedron(void *mem);
-ManifoldManifold *manifold_cube(void *mem, float x, float y, float z,
-                                int center);
-ManifoldManifold *manifold_cylinder(void *mem, float height, float radius_low,
-                                    float radius_high, int circular_segments,
-                                    int center);
-ManifoldManifold *manifold_sphere(void *mem, float radius,
-                                  int circular_segments);
-ManifoldManifold *manifold_of_meshgl(void *mem, ManifoldMeshGL *mesh);
-ManifoldManifold *manifold_smooth(void *mem, ManifoldMeshGL *mesh,
-                                  int *half_edges, float *smoothness,
-                                  int n_idxs);
-ManifoldManifold *manifold_extrude(void *mem, ManifoldCrossSection *cs,
-                                   float height, int slices,
-                                   float twist_degrees, float scale_x,
-                                   float scale_y);
-ManifoldManifold *manifold_revolve(void *mem, ManifoldCrossSection *cs,
-                                   int circular_segments);
-ManifoldManifold *manifold_compose(void *mem, ManifoldManifoldVec *ms);
-ManifoldManifoldVec *manifold_decompose(void *mem, ManifoldManifold *m);
-ManifoldManifold *manifold_as_original(void *mem, ManifoldManifold *m);
-
-// Manifold Info
-
-int manifold_is_empty(ManifoldManifold *m);
-ManifoldError manifold_status(ManifoldManifold *m);
-int manifold_num_vert(ManifoldManifold *m);
-int manifold_num_edge(ManifoldManifold *m);
-int manifold_num_tri(ManifoldManifold *m);
-ManifoldBox *manifold_bounding_box(void *mem, ManifoldManifold *m);
-float manifold_precision(ManifoldManifold *m);
-int manifold_genus(ManifoldManifold *m);
-ManifoldProperties manifold_get_properties(ManifoldManifold *m);
-int manifold_get_circular_segments(float radius);
-int manifold_original_id(ManifoldManifold *m);
-uint32_t manifold_reserve_ids(uint32_t n);
-ManifoldManifold *manifold_set_properties(
-    void *mem, ManifoldManifold *m, int num_prop,
-    void (*fun)(float *new_prop, ManifoldVec3 position, const float *old_prop));
-ManifoldManifold *manifold_calculate_curvature(void *mem, ManifoldManifold *m,
-                                               int gaussian_idx, int mean_idx);
-
-// CrossSection Shapes/Constructors
-
-ManifoldCrossSection *manifold_cross_section_empty(void *mem);
-ManifoldCrossSection *manifold_cross_section_copy(void *mem,
-                                                  ManifoldCrossSection *cs);
-ManifoldCrossSection *manifold_cross_section_of_simple_polygon(
-    void *mem, ManifoldSimplePolygon *p, ManifoldFillRule fr);
-ManifoldCrossSection *manifold_cross_section_of_polygons(void *mem,
-                                                         ManifoldPolygons *p,
-                                                         ManifoldFillRule fr);
-ManifoldCrossSection *manifold_cross_section_square(void *mem, float x, float y,
-                                                    int center);
-ManifoldCrossSection *manifold_cross_section_circle(void *mem, float radius,
-                                                    int circular_segments);
-ManifoldCrossSection *manifold_cross_section_compose(
-    void *mem, ManifoldCrossSectionVec *csv);
-ManifoldCrossSectionVec *manifold_cross_section_decompose(
-    void *mem, ManifoldCrossSection *cs);
-
-// CrossSection Vectors
-
-ManifoldCrossSectionVec *manifold_cross_section_empty_vec(void *mem);
-ManifoldCrossSectionVec *manifold_cross_section_vec(void *mem, size_t sz);
-void manifold_cross_section_vec_reserve(ManifoldCrossSectionVec *csv,
-                                        size_t sz);
-size_t manifold_cross_section_vec_length(ManifoldCrossSectionVec *csv);
-ManifoldCrossSection *manifold_cross_section_vec_get(
-    void *mem, ManifoldCrossSectionVec *csv, int idx);
-void manifold_cross_section_vec_set(ManifoldCrossSectionVec *csv, int idx,
-                                    ManifoldCrossSection *cs);
-void manifold_cross_section_vec_push_back(ManifoldCrossSectionVec *csv,
-                                          ManifoldCrossSection *cs);
-
-// CrossSection Booleans
-
-ManifoldCrossSection *manifold_cross_section_boolean(void *mem,
-                                                     ManifoldCrossSection *a,
-                                                     ManifoldCrossSection *b,
-                                                     ManifoldOpType op);
-ManifoldCrossSection *manifold_cross_section_batch_boolean(
-    void *mem, ManifoldCrossSectionVec *csv, ManifoldOpType op);
-ManifoldCrossSection *manifold_cross_section_union(void *mem,
-                                                   ManifoldCrossSection *a,
-                                                   ManifoldCrossSection *b);
-ManifoldCrossSection *manifold_cross_section_difference(
-    void *mem, ManifoldCrossSection *a, ManifoldCrossSection *b);
-ManifoldCrossSection *manifold_cross_section_intersection(
-    void *mem, ManifoldCrossSection *a, ManifoldCrossSection *b);
-
-// CrossSection Convex Hulls
-
-ManifoldCrossSection *manifold_cross_section_hull(void *mem,
-                                                  ManifoldCrossSection *cs);
-ManifoldCrossSection *manifold_cross_section_batch_hull(
-    void *mem, ManifoldCrossSectionVec *css);
-ManifoldCrossSection *manifold_cross_section_hull_simple_polygon(
-    void *mem, ManifoldSimplePolygon *ps);
-ManifoldCrossSection *manifold_cross_section_hull_polygons(
-    void *mem, ManifoldPolygons *ps);
-
-// CrossSection Transformation
-
-ManifoldCrossSection *manifold_cross_section_translate(void *mem,
-                                                       ManifoldCrossSection *cs,
-                                                       float x, float y);
-ManifoldCrossSection *manifold_cross_section_rotate(void *mem,
-                                                    ManifoldCrossSection *cs,
-                                                    float deg);
-ManifoldCrossSection *manifold_cross_section_scale(void *mem,
-                                                   ManifoldCrossSection *cs,
-                                                   float x, float y);
-ManifoldCrossSection *manifold_cross_section_mirror(void *mem,
-                                                    ManifoldCrossSection *cs,
-                                                    float ax_x, float ax_y);
-ManifoldCrossSection *manifold_cross_section_transform(void *mem,
-                                                       ManifoldCrossSection *cs,
-                                                       float x1, float y1,
-                                                       float x2, float y2,
-                                                       float x3, float y3);
-ManifoldCrossSection *manifold_cross_section_warp(
-    void *mem, ManifoldCrossSection *cs, ManifoldVec2 (*fun)(float, float));
-ManifoldCrossSection *manifold_cross_section_simplify(void *mem,
-                                                      ManifoldCrossSection *cs,
-                                                      double epsilon);
-ManifoldCrossSection *manifold_cross_section_offset(
-    void *mem, ManifoldCrossSection *cs, double delta, ManifoldJoinType jt,
-    double miter_limit, int circular_segments);
-
-// CrossSection Info
-
-double manifold_cross_section_area(ManifoldCrossSection *cs);
-int manifold_cross_section_num_vert(ManifoldCrossSection *cs);
-int manifold_cross_section_num_contour(ManifoldCrossSection *cs);
-int manifold_cross_section_is_empty(ManifoldCrossSection *cs);
-ManifoldRect *manifold_cross_section_bounds(void *mem,
-                                            ManifoldCrossSection *cs);
-ManifoldPolygons *manifold_cross_section_to_polygons(void *mem,
-                                                     ManifoldCrossSection *cs);
-
-// Rectangle
-
-ManifoldRect *manifold_rect(void *mem, float x1, float y1, float x2, float y2);
-ManifoldVec2 manifold_rect_min(ManifoldRect *r);
-ManifoldVec2 manifold_rect_max(ManifoldRect *r);
-ManifoldVec2 manifold_rect_dimensions(ManifoldRect *r);
-ManifoldVec2 manifold_rect_center(ManifoldRect *r);
-float manifold_rect_scale(ManifoldRect *r);
-int manifold_rect_contains_pt(ManifoldRect *r, float x, float y);
-int manifold_rect_contains_rect(ManifoldRect *a, ManifoldRect *b);
-void manifold_rect_include_pt(ManifoldRect *r, float x, float y);
-ManifoldRect *manifold_rect_union(void *mem, ManifoldRect *a, ManifoldRect *b);
-ManifoldRect *manifold_rect_transform(void *mem, ManifoldRect *r, float x1,
-                                      float y1, float x2, float y2, float x3,
-                                      float y3);
-ManifoldRect *manifold_rect_translate(void *mem, ManifoldRect *r, float x,
-                                      float y);
-ManifoldRect *manifold_rect_mul(void *mem, ManifoldRect *r, float x, float y);
-int manifold_rect_does_overlap_rect(ManifoldRect *a, ManifoldRect *r);
-int manifold_rect_is_empty(ManifoldRect *r);
-int manifold_rect_is_finite(ManifoldRect *r);
-
-// Bounding Box
-
-ManifoldBox *manifold_box(void *mem, float x1, float y1, float z1, float x2,
-                          float y2, float z2);
-ManifoldVec3 manifold_box_min(ManifoldBox *b);
-ManifoldVec3 manifold_box_max(ManifoldBox *b);
-ManifoldVec3 manifold_box_dimensions(ManifoldBox *b);
-ManifoldVec3 manifold_box_center(ManifoldBox *b);
-float manifold_box_scale(ManifoldBox *b);
-int manifold_box_contains_pt(ManifoldBox *b, float x, float y, float z);
-int manifold_box_contains_box(ManifoldBox *a, ManifoldBox *b);
-void manifold_box_include_pt(ManifoldBox *b, float x, float y, float z);
-ManifoldBox *manifold_box_union(void *mem, ManifoldBox *a, ManifoldBox *b);
-ManifoldBox *manifold_box_transform(void *mem, ManifoldBox *b, float x1,
-                                    float y1, float z1, float x2, float y2,
-                                    float z2, float x3, float y3, float z3,
-                                    float x4, float y4, float z4);
-ManifoldBox *manifold_box_translate(void *mem, ManifoldBox *b, float x, float y,
-                                    float z);
-ManifoldBox *manifold_box_mul(void *mem, ManifoldBox *b, float x, float y,
-                              float z);
-int manifold_box_does_overlap_pt(ManifoldBox *b, float x, float y, float z);
-int manifold_box_does_overlap_box(ManifoldBox *a, ManifoldBox *b);
-int manifold_box_is_finite(ManifoldBox *b);
-
-// Static Quality Globals
-
-void manifold_set_min_circular_angle(float degrees);
-void manifold_set_min_circular_edge_length(float length);
-void manifold_set_circular_segments(int number);
-
-// Manifold Mesh Extraction
-
-int manifold_meshgl_num_prop(ManifoldMeshGL *m);
-int manifold_meshgl_num_vert(ManifoldMeshGL *m);
-int manifold_meshgl_num_tri(ManifoldMeshGL *m);
-size_t manifold_meshgl_vert_properties_length(ManifoldMeshGL *m);
-size_t manifold_meshgl_tri_length(ManifoldMeshGL *m);
-size_t manifold_meshgl_merge_length(ManifoldMeshGL *m);
-size_t manifold_meshgl_run_index_length(ManifoldMeshGL *m);
-size_t manifold_meshgl_run_original_id_length(ManifoldMeshGL *m);
-size_t manifold_meshgl_run_transform_length(ManifoldMeshGL *m);
-size_t manifold_meshgl_face_id_length(ManifoldMeshGL *m);
-size_t manifold_meshgl_tangent_length(ManifoldMeshGL *m);
-float *manifold_meshgl_vert_properties(void *mem, ManifoldMeshGL *m);
-uint32_t *manifold_meshgl_tri_verts(void *mem, ManifoldMeshGL *m);
-uint32_t *manifold_meshgl_merge_from_vert(void *mem, ManifoldMeshGL *m);
-uint32_t *manifold_meshgl_merge_to_vert(void *mem, ManifoldMeshGL *m);
-uint32_t *manifold_meshgl_run_index(void *mem, ManifoldMeshGL *m);
-uint32_t *manifold_meshgl_run_original_id(void *mem, ManifoldMeshGL *m);
-float *manifold_meshgl_run_transform(void *mem, ManifoldMeshGL *m);
-uint32_t *manifold_meshgl_face_id(void *mem, ManifoldMeshGL *m);
-float *manifold_meshgl_halfedge_tangent(void *mem, ManifoldMeshGL *m);
-
-// memory size
-
-size_t manifold_manifold_size();
-size_t manifold_manifold_vec_size();
-size_t manifold_cross_section_size();
-size_t manifold_cross_section_vec_size();
-size_t manifold_simple_polygon_size();
-size_t manifold_polygons_size();
-size_t manifold_manifold_pair_size();
-size_t manifold_meshgl_size();
-size_t manifold_box_size();
-size_t manifold_rect_size();
-size_t manifold_curvature_size();
-
-// destruction
-
-void manifold_destruct_manifold(ManifoldManifold *m);
-void manifold_destruct_manifold_vec(ManifoldManifoldVec *ms);
-void manifold_destruct_cross_section(ManifoldCrossSection *m);
-void manifold_destruct_cross_section_vec(ManifoldCrossSectionVec *csv);
-void manifold_destruct_simple_polygon(ManifoldSimplePolygon *p);
-void manifold_destruct_polygons(ManifoldPolygons *p);
-void manifold_destruct_meshgl(ManifoldMeshGL *m);
-void manifold_destruct_box(ManifoldBox *b);
-void manifold_destruct_rect(ManifoldRect *b);
-
-// pointer free + destruction
-
-void manifold_delete_manifold(ManifoldManifold *m);
-void manifold_delete_manifold_vec(ManifoldManifoldVec *ms);
-void manifold_delete_cross_section(ManifoldCrossSection *cs);
-void manifold_delete_cross_section_vec(ManifoldCrossSectionVec *csv);
-void manifold_delete_simple_polygon(ManifoldSimplePolygon *p);
-void manifold_delete_polygons(ManifoldPolygons *p);
-void manifold_delete_meshgl(ManifoldMeshGL *m);
-void manifold_delete_box(ManifoldBox *b);
-void manifold_delete_rect(ManifoldRect *b);
-
-// MeshIO / Export
-
-#ifdef MANIFOLD_EXPORT
-ManifoldMaterial *manifold_material(void *mem);
-void manifold_material_set_roughness(ManifoldMaterial *mat, float roughness);
-void manifold_material_set_metalness(ManifoldMaterial *mat, float metalness);
-void manifold_material_set_color(ManifoldMaterial *mat, ManifoldVec4 color);
-void manifold_material_set_vert_color(ManifoldMaterial *mat,
-                                      ManifoldVec4 *vert_color, size_t n_vert);
-ManifoldExportOptions *manifold_export_options(void *mem);
-void manifold_export_options_set_faceted(ManifoldExportOptions *options,
-                                         int faceted);
-void manifold_export_options_set_material(ManifoldExportOptions *options,
-                                          ManifoldMaterial *mat);
-void manifold_export_meshgl(const char *filename, ManifoldMeshGL *mesh,
-                            ManifoldExportOptions *options);
-ManifoldMeshGL *manifold_import_meshgl(void *mem, const char *filename,
-                                       int force_cleanup);
-
-size_t manifold_material_size();
-size_t manifold_export_options_size();
-
-void manifold_destruct_material(ManifoldMaterial *m);
-void manifold_destruct_export_options(ManifoldExportOptions *options);
-
-void manifold_delete_material(ManifoldMaterial *m);
-void manifold_delete_export_options(ManifoldExportOptions *options);
-#endif
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-}
-#endif

bindings/c/meshIOc.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Manifold Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "conv.h"
+#include "manifold/meshIO.h"
+#include "manifold/types.h"
+
+// C <-> C++ conversions
+
+ManifoldMaterial* to_c(manifold::Material* m) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<ManifoldMaterial*>(m);
+}
+
+ManifoldExportOptions* to_c(manifold::ExportOptions* m) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<ManifoldExportOptions*>(m);
+}
+
+manifold::Material* from_c(ManifoldMaterial* mat) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<manifold::Material*>(mat);
+}
+
+manifold::ExportOptions* from_c(ManifoldExportOptions* options) {
+  return reinterpret_cast<manifold::ExportOptions*>(options);
+}
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+// material
+
+ManifoldMaterial* manifold_material(void* mem) {
+  return to_c(new (mem) manifold::Material());
+}
+
+void manifold_material_set_roughness(ManifoldMaterial* mat, double roughness) {
+  from_c(mat)->roughness = roughness;
+}
+
+void manifold_material_set_metalness(ManifoldMaterial* mat, double metalness) {
+  from_c(mat)->metalness = metalness;
+}
+
+void manifold_material_set_color(ManifoldMaterial* mat, ManifoldVec3 color) {
+  from_c(mat)->color = from_c(color);
+}
+
+// export options
+
+ManifoldExportOptions* manifold_export_options(void* mem) {
+  return to_c(new (mem) manifold::ExportOptions());
+}
+
+void manifold_export_options_set_faceted(ManifoldExportOptions* options,
+                                         int faceted) {
+  from_c(options)->faceted = faceted;
+}
+
+void manifold_export_options_set_material(ManifoldExportOptions* options,
+                                          ManifoldMaterial* mat) {
+  from_c(options)->mat = *from_c(mat);
+}
+
+// mesh IO
+
+void manifold_export_meshgl(const char* filename, ManifoldMeshGL* mesh,
+                            ManifoldExportOptions* options) {
+  manifold::ExportMesh(std::string(filename), *from_c(mesh), *from_c(options));
+}
+
+ManifoldMeshGL* manifold_import_meshgl(void* mem, const char* filename,
+                                       int force_cleanup) {
+  auto m = manifold::ImportMesh(std::string(filename), force_cleanup);
+  return to_c(new (mem) MeshGL(m));
+}
+
+// memory size
+size_t manifold_material_size() { return sizeof(manifold::Material); }
+
+size_t manifold_export_options_size() {
+  return sizeof(manifold::ExportOptions);
+}
+
+// memory free + destruction
+void manifold_delete_material(ManifoldMaterial* m) { delete (from_c(m)); }
+
+void manifold_delete_export_options(ManifoldExportOptions* m) {
+  delete (from_c(m));
+}
+
+// destruction
+void manifold_destruct_material(ManifoldMaterial* m) { from_c(m)->~Material(); }
+
+void manifold_destruct_export_options(ManifoldExportOptions* m) {
+  from_c(m)->~ExportOptions();
+}
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif

bindings/c/meshio.cpp

@@ -1,117 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 The Manifold Authors.
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-#include "meshIO.h"
-
-#include "conv.h"
-#include "types.h"
-
-// C <-> C++ conversions
-
-ManifoldMaterial *to_c(manifold::Material *m) {
-  return reinterpret_cast<ManifoldMaterial *>(m);
-}
-
-ManifoldExportOptions *to_c(manifold::ExportOptions *m) {
-  return reinterpret_cast<ManifoldExportOptions *>(m);
-}
-
-manifold::Material *from_c(ManifoldMaterial *mat) {
-  return reinterpret_cast<manifold::Material *>(mat);
-}
-
-manifold::ExportOptions *from_c(ManifoldExportOptions *options) {
-  return reinterpret_cast<manifold::ExportOptions *>(options);
-}
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-extern "C" {
-#endif
-
-// material
-
-ManifoldMaterial *manifold_material(void *mem) {
-  return to_c(new (mem) manifold::Material());
-}
-
-void manifold_material_set_roughness(ManifoldMaterial *mat, float roughness) {
-  from_c(mat)->roughness = roughness;
-}
-
-void manifold_material_set_metalness(ManifoldMaterial *mat, float metalness) {
-  from_c(mat)->metalness = metalness;
-}
-
-void manifold_material_set_color(ManifoldMaterial *mat, ManifoldVec4 color) {
-  from_c(mat)->color = from_c(color);
-}
-
-void manifold_material_set_vert_color(ManifoldMaterial *mat,
-                                      ManifoldVec4 *vert_color, size_t n_vert) {
-  from_c(mat)->vertColor = vector_of_vec_array(vert_color, n_vert);
-}
-
-// export options
-
-ManifoldExportOptions *manifold_export_options(void *mem) {
-  return to_c(new (mem) manifold::ExportOptions());
-}
-
-void manifold_export_options_set_faceted(ManifoldExportOptions *options,
-                                         int faceted) {
-  from_c(options)->faceted = faceted;
-}
-
-void manifold_export_options_set_material(ManifoldExportOptions *options,
-                                          ManifoldMaterial *mat) {
-  from_c(options)->mat = *from_c(mat);
-}
-
-// mesh IO
-
-void manifold_export_meshgl(const char *filename, ManifoldMeshGL *mesh,
-                            ManifoldExportOptions *options) {
-  manifold::ExportMesh(std::string(filename), *from_c(mesh), *from_c(options));
-}
-
-ManifoldMeshGL *manifold_import_meshgl(void *mem, const char *filename,
-                                       int force_cleanup) {
-  auto m = manifold::ImportMesh(std::string(filename), force_cleanup);
-  return to_c(new (mem) manifold::MeshGL(m));
-}
-
-// memory size
-size_t manifold_material_size() { return sizeof(manifold::Material); }
-
-size_t manifold_export_options_size() {
-  return sizeof(manifold::ExportOptions);
-}
-
-// memory free + destruction
-void manifold_delete_material(ManifoldMaterial *m) { delete (from_c(m)); }
-
-void manifold_delete_export_options(ManifoldExportOptions *m) {
-  delete (from_c(m));
-}
-
-// destruction
-void manifold_destruct_material(ManifoldMaterial *m) { from_c(m)->~Material(); }
-
-void manifold_destruct_export_options(ManifoldExportOptions *m) {
-  from_c(m)->~ExportOptions();
-}
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-}
-#endif

bindings/c/rect.cpp

@@ -13,88 +13,92 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 #include "conv.h"
-#include "cross_section.h"
-#include "manifold.h"
-#include "public.h"
-#include "types.h"
+#include "manifold/common.h"
+#include "manifold/types.h"
 
-ManifoldRect *manifold_rect(void *mem, float x1, float y1, float x2, float y2) {
-  auto p1 = glm::vec2(x1, y1);
-  auto p2 = glm::vec2(x2, y2);
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+ManifoldRect* manifold_rect(void* mem, double x1, double y1, double x2,
+                            double y2) {
+  auto p1 = vec2(x1, y1);
+  auto p2 = vec2(x2, y2);
   auto rect = new (mem) Rect(p1, p2);
   return to_c(rect);
 }
 
-ManifoldVec2 manifold_rect_min(ManifoldRect *r) {
+ManifoldVec2 manifold_rect_min(ManifoldRect* r) {
   return to_c((*from_c(r)).min);
 }
 
-ManifoldVec2 manifold_rect_max(ManifoldRect *r) {
+ManifoldVec2 manifold_rect_max(ManifoldRect* r) {
   return to_c((*from_c(r)).max);
 }
 
-ManifoldVec2 manifold_rect_dimensions(ManifoldRect *r) {
+ManifoldVec2 manifold_rect_dimensions(ManifoldRect* r) {
   auto v = from_c(r)->Size();
   return {v.x, v.y};
 }
 
-ManifoldVec2 manifold_rect_center(ManifoldRect *r) {
+ManifoldVec2 manifold_rect_center(ManifoldRect* r) {
   auto v = from_c(r)->Center();
   return {v.x, v.y};
 }
 
-float manifold_rect_scale(ManifoldRect *r) { return from_c(r)->Scale(); }
+double manifold_rect_scale(ManifoldRect* r) { return from_c(r)->Scale(); }
 
-int manifold_rect_contains_pt(ManifoldRect *r, float x, float y) {
+int manifold_rect_contains_pt(ManifoldRect* r, double x, double y) {
   auto rect = *from_c(r);
-  auto p = glm::vec2(x, y);
+  auto p = vec2(x, y);
   return rect.Contains(p);
 }
 
-int manifold_rect_contains_rect(ManifoldRect *a, ManifoldRect *b) {
+int manifold_rect_contains_rect(ManifoldRect* a, ManifoldRect* b) {
   auto outer = *from_c(a);
   auto inner = *from_c(b);
   return outer.Contains(inner);
 }
 
-void manifold_rect_include_pt(ManifoldRect *r, float x, float y) {
+void manifold_rect_include_pt(ManifoldRect* r, double x, double y) {
   auto rect = *from_c(r);
-  auto p = glm::vec2(x, y);
+  auto p = vec2(x, y);
   rect.Union(p);
 }
 
-ManifoldRect *manifold_rect_union(void *mem, ManifoldRect *a, ManifoldRect *b) {
+ManifoldRect* manifold_rect_union(void* mem, ManifoldRect* a, ManifoldRect* b) {
   auto rect = from_c(a)->Union(*from_c(b));
   return to_c(new (mem) Rect(rect));
 }
 
-ManifoldRect *manifold_rect_transform(void *mem, ManifoldRect *r, float x1,
-                                      float y1, float x2, float y2, float x3,
-                                      float y3) {
-  auto mat = glm::mat3x2(x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3);
+ManifoldRect* manifold_rect_transform(void* mem, ManifoldRect* r, double x1,
+                                      double y1, double x2, double y2,
+                                      double x3, double y3) {
+  auto mat = mat2x3({x1, y1}, {x2, y2}, {x3, y3});
   auto transformed = from_c(r)->Transform(mat);
   return to_c(new (mem) Rect(transformed));
 }
 
-ManifoldRect *manifold_rect_translate(void *mem, ManifoldRect *r, float x,
-                                      float y) {
-  auto rect = *from_c(r);
-  auto p = glm::vec2(x, y);
+ManifoldRect* manifold_rect_translate(void* mem, ManifoldRect* r, double x,
+                                      double y) {
+  auto p = vec2(x, y);
   auto translated = (*from_c(r)) + p;
   return to_c(new (mem) Rect(translated));
 }
 
-ManifoldRect *manifold_rect_mul(void *mem, ManifoldRect *r, float x, float y) {
-  auto rect = *from_c(r);
-  auto p = glm::vec2(x, y);
+ManifoldRect* manifold_rect_mul(void* mem, ManifoldRect* r, double x,
+                                double y) {
+  auto p = vec2(x, y);
   auto scaled = (*from_c(r)) * p;
   return to_c(new (mem) Rect(scaled));
 }
 
-int manifold_rect_does_overlap_rect(ManifoldRect *a, ManifoldRect *r) {
+int manifold_rect_does_overlap_rect(ManifoldRect* a, ManifoldRect* r) {
   return from_c(a)->DoesOverlap(*from_c(r));
 }
 
-int manifold_rect_is_empty(ManifoldRect *r) { return from_c(r)->IsEmpty(); }
+int manifold_rect_is_empty(ManifoldRect* r) { return from_c(r)->IsEmpty(); }
 
-int manifold_rect_is_finite(ManifoldRect *r) { return from_c(r)->IsFinite(); }
+int manifold_rect_is_finite(ManifoldRect* r) { return from_c(r)->IsFinite(); }
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif

bindings/python/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -12,28 +12,75 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-project(python)
+nanobind_add_module(manifold3d NB_STATIC STABLE_ABI LTO autogen_docstrings.inl
+                    manifold3d.cpp
+)
+
+message(Python_EXECUTABLE = ${Python_EXECUTABLE})
+
+if(MANIFOLD_PYBIND_STUBGEN)
+  nanobind_add_stub(
+    manifold3d_stub
+    MODULE manifold3d
+    OUTPUT manifold3d.pyi
+    PYTHON_PATH $<TARGET_FILE_DIR:manifold3d>
+    DEPENDS manifold3d
+    PATTERN_FILE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/stub_pattern.txt
+  )
+
+  add_custom_command(
+    TARGET manifold3d_stub
+    POST_BUILD
+    COMMAND
+      "${Python_EXECUTABLE}"
+      "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/bindings/python/stub_postbuild.py"
+      "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/manifold3d.pyi"
+    VERBATIM
+  )
+endif()
 
-add_subdirectory(third_party)
-nanobind_add_module(
-  manifold3d
-  NB_STATIC STABLE_ABI LTO
-  manifold3d.cpp)
 target_link_libraries(manifold3d PRIVATE manifold)
-target_compile_options(manifold3d PRIVATE ${MANIFOLD_FLAGS} -DMODULE_NAME=manifold3d)
-target_compile_features(manifold3d PUBLIC cxx_std_17)
+target_compile_options(
+  manifold3d
+  PRIVATE ${MANIFOLD_FLAGS} -DMODULE_NAME=manifold3d
+)
 set_target_properties(manifold3d PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME "manifold3d")
 
+# ideally we should generate a dependency file from python...
+set(
+  DOCSTRING_DEPS
+  ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/manifold.cpp
+  ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/constructors.cpp
+  ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/sort.cpp
+  ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/cross_section/cross_section.cpp
+  ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/polygon.cpp
+  ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/manifold/common.h
+  ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/gen_docs.py
+  ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/docstring_override.txt
+)
+add_custom_command(
+  OUTPUT autogen_docstrings.inl
+  DEPENDS ${DOCSTRING_DEPS}
+  COMMAND ${Python_EXECUTABLE}
+  ARGS ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/gen_docs.py
+  WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}
+)
+target_include_directories(manifold3d PRIVATE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR})
+
 if(SKBUILD)
-install(
-  TARGETS manifold3d
-  LIBRARY DESTINATION ${SKBUILD_PLATLIB_DIR}
-  COMPONENT bindings
-)
+  set(MANIFOLD_PYBIND_LIBDIR ${SKBUILD_PLATLIB_DIR})
 else()
+  set(MANIFOLD_PYBIND_LIBDIR ${Python_SITEARCH})
+endif()
+
 install(
   TARGETS manifold3d
-  LIBRARY DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_FULL_LIBDIR}
-  COMPONENT bindings
+  LIBRARY DESTINATION ${MANIFOLD_PYBIND_LIBDIR} COMPONENT bindings
 )
+if(MANIFOLD_PYBIND_STUBGEN)
+  install(
+    FILES ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/manifold3d.pyi
+    DESTINATION ${MANIFOLD_PYBIND_LIBDIR}
+    COMPONENT bindings
+  )
 endif()

bindings/python/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# Python Bindings
+
+## Autogenerated Doc-Strings
+
+Doc-strings for the python API wrapper are generated by gen_docs.py
+The script is run automatically during the build to keep python
+doc strings fully up-to-date with c++ sources.
+
+It scrapes documentation comments and c++ function signatures
+from the manifold c++ sources, in order to generate a c++ header file 
+exposing the comments as string variables named by function names.
+This allows python bindings to re-use the c++ comments directly.
+
+Some snake-casing of params is applied for python use case.
+
+---
+
+When modifying the Manifold C++ sources, you may need to update
+gen_docs.py. For example, top-level free functions are white-listed,
+so if you add a new one, you will need to add it in gen_docs.py.
+
+Similarly, the list of source files to parse is also white listed,
+so if you define functions in new files that need python wrappers,
+you will also need to up gen_docs.py.
+
+To verify that python docs are correct after changes, you can
+run the following commends from the manifold repo root:
+```
+pip install .
+python -c 'import manifold3d; help(manifold3d)'
+```
+
+Alternatively you could generate stubs with nanobind python module
+```
+pip install -m nanobind
+python -m nanobind.stubgen -m manifold3d -o manifold3d.pyi -i=. -p=bindings/python/stub_pattern.txt
+```
+It will emit some warnings and write a file `manifold3d.pyi`
+which will show all the function signatures and docstrings.

bindings/python/docstring_override.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+cross_section__warp__warp_func:
+  Move the vertices of this CrossSection (creating a new one) according to
+  any arbitrary input function, followed by a union operation (with a
+  Positive fill rule) that ensures any introduced intersections are not
+  included in the result.
+  :param warp_func: A function that takes the original vertex position and
+  return the new position.
+cross_section__warp_batch__warp_func:
+  Same as CrossSection::warp but calls warpFunc with
+  an ndarray[n, 2] instead of processing only one vertex at a time.
+  :param warp_func: A function that takes multiple vertex positions as an
+  ndarray[n, 2] and returns the new vertex positions.
+manifold__warp__warp_func:
+  This function does not change the topology, but allows the vertices to be
+  moved according to any arbitrary input function. It is easy to create a
+  function that warps a geometrically valid object into one which overlaps, but
+  that is not checked here, so it is up to the user to choose their function
+  with discretion.
+  :param warp_func: A function that takes the original vertex position and
+  return the new position.
+manifold__warp_batch__warp_func:
+  Same as Manifold::warp but calls warpFunc with with
+  an ndarray[n, 3] instead of processing only one vertex at a time.
+  :param warp_func: A function that takes multiple vertex positions as an
+  ndarray[n, 3] and returns the new vertex positions. The result should have the
+  same shape as the input.
+manifold__smooth__mesh_gl__sharpened_edges:
+  Constructs a smooth version of the input mesh by creating tangents; this
+  method will throw if you have supplied tangents with your mesh already. The
+  actual triangle resolution is unchanged; use the Refine() method to
+  interpolate to a higher-resolution curve.
+  By default, every edge is calculated for maximum smoothness (very much
+  approximately), attempting to minimize the maximum mean Curvature magnitude.
+  No higher-order derivatives are considered, as the interpolation is
+  independent per triangle, only sharing constraints on their boundaries.
+  :param mesh: input Mesh.
+  :param sharpened_edges: If desired, you can supply a vector of sharpened
+  halfedges, which should in general be a small subset of all halfedges. Order
+  of entries doesn't matter, as each one specifies the desired smoothness
+  (between zero and one, with one the default for all unspecified halfedges)
+  and the halfedge index (3 * triangle index + [0,1,2] where 0 is the edge
+  between triVert 0 and 1, etc).
+  :param edge_smoothness: Smoothness values associated to each halfedge defined
+  in sharpened_edges. At a smoothness value of zero, a sharp crease is made. The
+  smoothness is interpolated along each edge, so the specified value should be
+  thought of as an average. Where exactly two sharpened edges meet at a vertex,
+  their tangents are rotated to be colinear so that the sharpened edge can be
+  continuous. Vertices with only one sharpened edge are completely smooth,
+  allowing sharpened edges to smoothly vanish at termination. A single vertex
+  can be sharpened by sharping all edges that are incident on it, allowing cones
+  to be formed.

bindings/python/examples/all_apis.py

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+from manifold3d import *
+import numpy as np
+
+
+def all_root_level():
+    set_min_circular_angle(10)
+    set_min_circular_edge_length(1)
+    set_circular_segments(22)
+    n = get_circular_segments(1)
+    assert n == 22
+    poly = [[0, 0], [1, 0], [1, 1]]
+    tris = triangulate([poly])
+    tris = triangulate([np.array(poly)])
+
+
+def all_cross_section():
+    poly = [[0, 0], [1, 0], [1, 1]]
+    c = CrossSection([np.array(poly)])
+    c = CrossSection([poly])
+    c = CrossSection() + c
+    a = c.area()
+    c = CrossSection.batch_boolean(
+        [
+            CrossSection.circle(1),
+            CrossSection.square((3, 3)),
+            CrossSection.circle(3).translate((1, 1)),
+        ],
+        OpType.Add,
+    )
+    c = CrossSection.batch_hull([c, c.translate((1, 0))])
+    b = c.bounds()
+    c = CrossSection.circle(1)
+    c = CrossSection.compose([c, c.translate((1, 0))])
+    cs = c.decompose()
+    m = c.extrude(1)
+    c = c.hull()
+    c = CrossSection.hull_points(poly)
+    c = CrossSection.hull_points(np.array(poly))
+    e = c.is_empty()
+    c = c.mirror((0, 1))
+    n = c.num_contour()
+    n = c.num_vert()
+    c = c.offset(1)
+    m = c.revolve()
+    c = c.rotate(90)
+    c = c.scale((2, 2))
+    c = c.simplify()
+    c = CrossSection.square((1, 1))
+    p = c.to_polygons()
+    c = c.transform([[1, 0, 0], [0, 1, 0]])
+    c = c.translate((1, 1))
+    c = c.warp(lambda p: (p[0] + 1, p[1] / 2))
+    c = c.warp_batch(lambda ps: ps * [1, 0.5] + [1, 0])
+
+
+def all_manifold():
+    mesh = Manifold.sphere(1).to_mesh()
+    m = Manifold(mesh)
+    m = Manifold() + m
+    m = m.as_original()
+    m = Manifold.batch_boolean(
+        [
+            Manifold.cylinder(4, 1),
+            Manifold.cube((3, 2, 1)),
+            Manifold.cylinder(5, 3).translate((1, 1, 1)),
+        ],
+        OpType.Add,
+    )
+    m = Manifold.batch_hull([m, m.translate((0, 0, 1))])
+    b = m.bounding_box()
+    m = m.calculate_curvature(4, 5)
+    m = m.calculate_normals(0)
+    m = m.smooth_by_normals(0)
+    m = Manifold.compose([m, m.translate((5, 0, 0))])
+    m = Manifold.cube((1, 1, 1))
+    m = Manifold.cylinder(1, 1)
+    ms = m.decompose()
+    m = Manifold.extrude(CrossSection.circle(1), 1)
+    m = Manifold.revolve(CrossSection.circle(1))
+    g = m.genus()
+    a = m.surface_area()
+    v = m.volume()
+    m = m.hull()
+    m = m.hull_points(mesh.vert_properties)
+    e = m.is_empty()
+    m = m.mirror((0, 0, 1))
+    n = m.num_edge()
+    n = m.num_prop()
+    n = m.num_prop_vert()
+    n = m.num_tri()
+    n = m.num_vert()
+    i = m.original_id()
+    p = m.get_tolerance()
+    pp = m.set_tolerance(0.0001)
+    m = m.simplify(0.001)
+    c = m.project()
+    m = m.refine(2)
+    m = m.refine_to_length(0.1)
+    m = m.refine_to_tolerance(0.01)
+    m = m.smooth_out()
+    i = Manifold.reserve_ids(1)
+    m = m.scale((1, 2, 3))
+    m = m.set_properties(3, lambda pos, prop: pos)
+    c = m.slice(0.5)
+    m = Manifold.smooth(mesh, [0], [0.5])
+    m = Manifold.sphere(1)
+    m, n = m.split(m.translate((1, 0, 0)))
+    m, n = m.split_by_plane((0, 0, 1), 0)
+    e = m.status()
+    m = Manifold.tetrahedron()
+    mesh = m.to_mesh()
+    ok = mesh.merge()
+    m = m.transform([[1, 0, 0, 0], [0, 1, 0, 0], [0, 0, 1, 0]])
+    m = m.translate((0, 0, 0))
+    m = m.trim_by_plane((0, 0, 1), 0)
+    m = m.warp(lambda p: (p[0] + 1, p[1] / 2, p[2] * 2))
+    m = m.warp_batch(lambda ps: ps * 2 + [1, 0, 0])
+    m = Manifold.cube()
+    m2 = Manifold.cube().translate([2, 0, 0])
+    d = m.min_gap(m2, 2)
+    mesh2 = m.to_mesh64()
+    ok = mesh.merge()
+
+
+def run():
+    all_root_level()
+    all_cross_section()
+    all_manifold()
+    return Manifold()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    run()

bindings/python/examples/bricks.py

@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
 """
- Copyright 2022 The Manifold Authors.
+Copyright 2022 The Manifold Authors.
 
- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- You may obtain a copy of the License at
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
 
-      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 
- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- limitations under the License.
- """
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+"""
 
 from manifold3d import Manifold
 
@@ -20,60 +20,82 @@ from manifold3d import Manifold
 
 INCHES = 25.4
 
-brick_depth = (3 + 5/8) * INCHES
-brick_height = (2 + 1/4) * INCHES
-brick_length = (7 + 5/8) * INCHES
+brick_depth = (3 + 5 / 8) * INCHES
+brick_height = (2 + 1 / 4) * INCHES
+brick_length = (7 + 5 / 8) * INCHES
 
-mortar_gap = (3/8) * INCHES
+mortar_gap = (3 / 8) * INCHES
 
 
 def brick():
-    return Manifold.cube(brick_length, brick_depth, brick_height)
+    return Manifold.cube([brick_length, brick_depth, brick_height])
 
 
 def halfbrick():
-    return Manifold.cube((brick_length - mortar_gap)/2, brick_depth, brick_height)
+    return Manifold.cube([(brick_length - mortar_gap) / 2, brick_depth, brick_height])
 
 
 def row(length):
-    bricks = [brick().translate((brick_length + mortar_gap)*x, 0, 0)
-              for x in range(length)]
-    return Manifold(bricks)
+    bricks = [
+        brick().translate([(brick_length + mortar_gap) * x, 0, 0])
+        for x in range(length)
+    ]
+    return sum(bricks, Manifold())
 
 
 def wall(length, height, alternate=0):
-    bricks = [row(length).translate(
-        ((z+alternate) % 2)*(brick_depth+mortar_gap), 0,
-        (brick_height+mortar_gap)*z) for z in range(height)]
-    return Manifold(bricks)
+    bricks = [
+        row(length).translate(
+            [
+                ((z + alternate) % 2) * (brick_depth + mortar_gap),
+                0,
+                (brick_height + mortar_gap) * z,
+            ]
+        )
+        for z in range(height)
+    ]
+    return sum(bricks, Manifold())
 
 
 def walls(length, width, height):
-    return Manifold([
-        wall(length, height),
-        wall(width, height, 1).rotate(0, 0, 90).translate(brick_depth, 0, 0),
-        wall(length, height, 1).translate(
-            0, (width)*(brick_length+mortar_gap), 0),
-        wall(width, height).rotate(0, 0, 90)
-        .translate((length+0.5)*(brick_length+mortar_gap) - mortar_gap, 0, 0),
-    ])
+    return sum(
+        [
+            wall(length, height),
+            wall(width, height, 1).rotate([0, 0, 90]).translate([brick_depth, 0, 0]),
+            wall(length, height, 1).translate(
+                [0, (width) * (brick_length + mortar_gap), 0]
+            ),
+            wall(width, height)
+            .rotate([0, 0, 90])
+            .translate(
+                [(length + 0.5) * (brick_length + mortar_gap) - mortar_gap, 0, 0]
+            ),
+        ],
+        Manifold(),
+    )
 
 
 def floor(length, width):
     results = [walls(length, width, 1)]
     if length > 1 and width > 1:
-        results.append(floor(length-1, width-1).translate(brick_depth +
-                       mortar_gap, brick_depth+mortar_gap, 0))
+        results.append(
+            floor(length - 1, width - 1).translate(
+                [brick_depth + mortar_gap, brick_depth + mortar_gap, 0]
+            )
+        )
     if length == 1 and width > 1:
-        results.append(row(width-1).rotate(0, 0, 90))
+        results.append(row(width - 1).rotate((0, 0, 90)))
     if width == 1 and length > 1:
-        results.append(row(length-1).translate(2*(brick_depth +
-                       mortar_gap), brick_depth+mortar_gap, 0))
-    results.append(halfbrick().translate(
-        brick_depth+mortar_gap, brick_depth+mortar_gap, 0))
-    return Manifold(results)
+        results.append(
+            row(length - 1).translate(
+                [2 * (brick_depth + mortar_gap), brick_depth + mortar_gap, 0]
+            )
+        )
+    results.append(
+        halfbrick().translate([brick_depth + mortar_gap, brick_depth + mortar_gap, 0])
+    )
+    return sum(results, Manifold())
 
 
 def run(width=10, length=10, height=10):
     return walls(length, width, height) + floor(length, width)
-

bindings/python/examples/cube_with_dents.py

@@ -1,30 +1,33 @@
 """
- Copyright 2022 The Manifold Authors.
+Copyright 2022 The Manifold Authors.
 
- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- You may obtain a copy of the License at
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
 
-      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+"""
 
- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- limitations under the License.
- """
- 
 from manifold3d import Manifold
 from functools import reduce
 
 # https://gist.github.com/ochafik/2db96400e3c1f73558fcede990b8a355#file-cube-with-half-spheres-dents-scad
 
+
 def run(n=5, overlap=True):
-    a = Manifold.cube(n, n, 0.5).translate(-0.5, -0.5, -0.5)
+    a = Manifold.cube([n, n, 0.5]).translate([-0.5, -0.5, -0.5])
 
-    spheres = [Manifold.sphere(0.45 if overlap else 0.55, 50).translate(i, j, 0)
-               for i in range(n) for j in range(n)]
-    spheres = reduce(lambda a, b: a + b, spheres)
-
-    return a - spheres
+    spheres = [
+        Manifold.sphere(0.45 if overlap else 0.55, 50).translate([i, j, 0])
+        for i in range(n)
+        for j in range(n)
+    ]
+    # spheres = reduce(lambda a, b: a + b, spheres)
 
+    return a - sum(spheres, Manifold())

bindings/python/examples/extrude.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from manifold3d import CrossSection
+from manifold3d import CrossSection, Manifold
 
 
 def run():
@@ -10,26 +10,34 @@ def run():
     cross_section = CrossSection(polygons_points)
     polygons = cross_section.to_polygons()
     polygon = polygons[0]
-    if set(polygon) != set(polygon_points):
-        raise Exception(f"polygon={polygon} differs from polygon_points={polygon_points}")
+    if set([tuple(p) for p in polygon]) != set(polygon_points):
+        raise Exception(
+            f"polygon={polygon} differs from polygon_points={polygon_points}"
+        )
 
     # extrude a polygon to create a manifold
-    extruded_polygon = cross_section.extrude(10.0)
+    extruded_polygon = Manifold.extrude(cross_section, 10.0)
     eps = 0.001
-    observed_volume = extruded_polygon.get_volume()
+    observed_volume = extruded_polygon.volume()
     expected_volume = 10.0
     if abs(observed_volume - expected_volume) > eps:
-        raise Exception(f"observed_volume={observed_volume} differs from expected_volume={expected_volume}")
-    observed_surface_area = extruded_polygon.get_surface_area()
+        raise Exception(
+            f"observed_volume={observed_volume} differs from expected_volume={expected_volume}"
+        )
+    observed_surface_area = extruded_polygon.surface_area()
     expected_surface_area = 42.0
     if abs(observed_surface_area - expected_surface_area) > eps:
-        raise Exception(f"observed_surface_area={observed_surface_area} differs from expected_surface_area={expected_surface_area}")
+        raise Exception(
+            f"observed_surface_area={observed_surface_area} differs from expected_surface_area={expected_surface_area}"
+        )
 
     # get bounding box from manifold
-    observed_bbox = extruded_polygon.bounding_box
+    observed_bbox = extruded_polygon.bounding_box()
     expected_bbox = (0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 10.0)
     if observed_bbox != expected_bbox:
-        raise Exception(f"observed_bbox={observed_bbox} differs from expected_bbox={expected_bbox}")
+        raise Exception(
+            f"observed_bbox={observed_bbox} differs from expected_bbox={expected_bbox}"
+        )
 
     return extruded_polygon
 

bindings/python/examples/gyroid_module.py

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+"""
+Copyright 2023 The Manifold Authors.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+"""
+
+import math
+import numpy as np
+from manifold3d import Manifold
+
+
+def gyroid(x, y, z):
+    xi = x - math.pi / 4.0
+    yi = y - math.pi / 4.0
+    zi = z - math.pi / 4.0
+    return (
+        math.cos(xi) * math.sin(yi)
+        + math.cos(yi) * math.sin(zi)
+        + math.cos(zi) * math.sin(xi)
+    )
+
+
+def gyroid_levelset(level, period, size, n):
+    return Manifold.level_set(
+        gyroid,
+        [-period, -period, -period, period, period, period],
+        period / n,
+        level,
+    ).scale([size / period] * 3)
+
+
+def rhombic_dodecahedron(size):
+    box = Manifold.cube(size * math.sqrt(2.0) * np.array([1, 1, 2]), True)
+    result = box.rotate([90, 45, 0]) ^ box.rotate([90, 45, 90])
+    return result ^ box.rotate([0, 0, 45])
+
+
+def gyroid_module(size=20, n=15):
+    period = math.pi * 2.0
+    result = (
+        gyroid_levelset(-0.4, period, size, n) ^ rhombic_dodecahedron(size)
+    ) - gyroid_levelset(0.4, period, size, n)
+    return result.rotate([-45, 0, 90]).translate([0, 0, size / math.sqrt(2.0)])
+
+
+def run(size=20, n=15):
+    return gyroid_module(size, n)

bindings/python/examples/run_all.py

@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
 """
- Copyright 2022 The Manifold Authors.
+Copyright 2022 The Manifold Authors.
 
- Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- You may obtain a copy of the License at
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
 
-      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 
- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- limitations under the License.
- """
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+"""
 
 import pathlib
 import sys
@@ -24,10 +24,9 @@ from time import time
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     current_file = pathlib.Path(__file__)
     current_dir = current_file.parent
-    files = [f.parts[-1][:-3]
-             for f in current_dir.glob('*.py') if f != current_file]
+    files = [f.parts[-1][:-3] for f in current_dir.glob("*.py") if f != current_file]
 
-    export_models = len(sys.argv) == 2 and sys.argv[-1] == '-e'
+    export_models = len(sys.argv) == 2 and sys.argv[-1] == "-e"
 
     for f in files:
         module = importlib.import_module(f)
@@ -41,9 +40,10 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
             else:
                 vertices = mesh.vert_properties
                 colors = None
-            meshOut = trimesh.Trimesh(vertices=vertices, faces=mesh.tri_verts,
-                                      vertex_colors=colors)
-            trimesh.exchange.export.export_mesh(meshOut, f'{f}.glb', 'glb')
-            print(f'Exported model to {f}.glb')
+            meshOut = trimesh.Trimesh(
+                vertices=vertices, faces=mesh.tri_verts, vertex_colors=colors
+            )
+            trimesh.exchange.export.export_mesh(meshOut, f"{f}.glb", "glb")
+            print(f"Exported model to {f}.glb")
         t1 = time()
-        print(f'Took {(t1-t0)*1000:.1f}ms for {f}')
+        print(f"Took {(t1-t0)*1000:.1f}ms for {f}")

bindings/python/examples/scallop.py

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+"""
+Copyright 2023 The Manifold Authors.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+"""
+
+from manifold3d import Manifold, Mesh
+import numpy as np
+
+
+def run():
+    # A smoothed manifold demonstrating selective edge sharpening with
+    # smooth() and refine(), see more details at:
+    # https://elalish.blogspot.com/2022/03/smoothing-triangle-meshes.html
+
+    height = 10
+    radius = 30
+    offset = 20
+    wiggles = 12
+    sharpness = 0.8
+    n = 50
+
+    triangles = []
+    positions = [[-offset, 0, height], [-offset, 0, -height]]
+    sharpenedEdges = []
+
+    delta = np.pi / wiggles
+    for i in range(2 * wiggles):
+        theta = (i - wiggles) * delta
+        amp = 0.5 * height * max(np.cos(0.8 * theta), 0)
+
+        positions.append(
+            [
+                radius * np.cos(theta),
+                radius * np.sin(theta),
+                amp * (1 if i % 2 == 0 else -1),
+            ]
+        )
+
+        j = i + 1
+        if j == 2 * wiggles:
+            j = 0
+
+        smoothness = 1 - sharpness * np.cos((theta + delta / 2) / 2)
+        halfedge = 3 * len(triangles) + 1
+        sharpenedEdges.append((halfedge, smoothness))
+        triangles.append([0, 2 + i, 2 + j])
+
+        halfedge = 3 * len(triangles) + 1
+        sharpenedEdges.append((halfedge, smoothness))
+        triangles.append([1, 2 + j, 2 + i])
+
+    scallop = Mesh(
+        tri_verts=np.array(triangles, np.int32),
+        vert_properties=np.array(positions, np.float32),
+    )
+
+    def colorCurvature(_pos, oldProp):
+        a = max(0, min(1, oldProp[0] / 3 + 0.5))
+        b = a * a * (3 - 2 * a)
+        red = [1, 0, 0]
+        blue = [0, 0, 1]
+        return [(1 - b) * blue[i] + b * red[i] for i in range(3)]
+
+    edges, smoothing = zip(*sharpenedEdges)
+    return (
+        Manifold.smooth(scallop, edges, smoothing)
+        .refine(n)
+        .calculate_curvature(-1, 0)
+        .set_properties(3, colorCurvature)
+    )

bindings/python/examples/split_cube.py

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+"""
+Copyright 2022 The Manifold Authors.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+"""
+
+from manifold3d import Manifold
+
+
+def run():
+    a = Manifold.cube([1.0, 1.0, 1.0])
+    b = Manifold.cube([1.0, 1.0, 1.0]).rotate([45.0, 45.0, 45.0])
+    return a.split(b)[0]

bindings/python/examples/sponge.py

@@ -4,26 +4,27 @@ import numpy as np
 
 def fractal(holes, hole, w, position, depth, maxDepth):
     w /= 3
-    holes.append(hole.scale([w, w, 1.0]).translate(
-        [position[0], position[1], 0.0]))
+    holes.append(hole.scale([w, w, 1.0]).translate([position[0], position[1], 0.0]))
     if depth == maxDepth:
         return
-    offsets = np.array([
-        [-w, -w],
-        [-w, 0.0],
-        [-w, w],
-        [0.0, w],
-        [w, w],
-        [w, 0.0],
-        [w, -w],
-        [0.0, -w],
-    ])
+    offsets = np.array(
+        [
+            [-w, -w],
+            [-w, 0.0],
+            [-w, w],
+            [0.0, w],
+            [w, w],
+            [w, 0.0],
+            [w, -w],
+            [0.0, -w],
+        ]
+    )
     for offset in offsets:
         fractal(holes, hole, w, position + offset, depth + 1, maxDepth)
 
 
 def posColors(pos, _):
-    return [1 - p / 2 for p in pos] + [1.0]
+    return [-p + 0.5 for p in pos] + [1.0]
 
 
 def run(n=1):
@@ -37,4 +38,8 @@ def run(n=1):
     result -= hole.rotate([90, 0, 0])
     result -= hole.rotate([0, 90, 0])
 
-    return result.trim_by_plane([1, 1, 1], 0).set_properties(4, posColors).scale(100)
+    return (
+        result.trim_by_plane([1, 1, 1], 0)
+        .set_properties(4, posColors)
+        .scale([100, 100, 100])
+    )

bindings/python/examples/test_torus_knot.py

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+from manifold3d import *
+import numpy as np
+import pytest
+
+# Creates a classic torus knot, defined as a string wrapping periodically
+# around the surface of an imaginary donut. If p and q have a common
+# factor then you will get multiple separate, interwoven knots. This is
+# an example of using the warp() method, thus avoiding any direct
+# handling of triangles.
+
+
+def run(warp_single=False):
+    # The number of times the thread passes through the donut hole.
+    p = 1
+    # The number of times the thread circles the donut.
+    q = 3
+    # Radius of the interior of the imaginary donut.
+    majorRadius = 25
+    # Radius of the small cross-section of the imaginary donut.
+    minorRadius = 10
+    # Radius of the small cross-section of the actual object.
+    threadRadius = 3.75
+    # Number of linear segments making up the threadRadius circle. Default is
+    # getCircularSegments(threadRadius).
+    circularSegments = -1
+    # Number of segments along the length of the knot. Default makes roughly
+    # square facets.
+    linearSegments = -1
+
+    # These default values recreate Matlab Knot by Emmett Lalish:
+    # https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:7080
+
+    kLoops = np.gcd(p, q)
+    pk = p / kLoops
+    qk = q / kLoops
+    n = (
+        circularSegments
+        if circularSegments > 2
+        else get_circular_segments(threadRadius)
+    )
+    m = linearSegments if linearSegments > 2 else n * qk * majorRadius / threadRadius
+
+    offset = 2
+    circle = CrossSection.circle(1, n).translate([offset, 0])
+
+    def ax_rotate(x, theta):
+        a, b = (x + 1) % 3, (x + 2) % 3
+        s, c = np.sin(theta), np.cos(theta)
+        m = np.zeros((len(theta), 4, 4), dtype=np.float32)
+        m[:, a, a], m[:, a, b] = c, s
+        m[:, b, a], m[:, b, b] = -s, c
+        m[:, x, x], m[:, 3, 3] = 1, 1
+        return m
+
+    def func(pts):
+        npts = pts.shape[0]
+        x, y, z = pts[:, 0], pts[:, 1], pts[:, 2]
+        psi = qk * np.arctan2(x, y)
+        theta = psi * pk / qk
+        x1 = np.sqrt(x * x + y * y)
+        phi = np.arctan2(x1 - offset, z)
+
+        v = np.zeros((npts, 4), dtype=np.float32)
+        v[:, 0] = threadRadius * np.cos(phi)
+        v[:, 2] = threadRadius * np.sin(phi)
+        v[:, 3] = 1
+        r = majorRadius + minorRadius * np.cos(theta)
+
+        m1 = ax_rotate(0, -np.arctan2(pk * minorRadius, qk * r))
+        m1[:, 3, 0] = minorRadius
+        m2 = ax_rotate(1, theta)
+        m2[:, 3, 0] = majorRadius
+        m3 = ax_rotate(2, psi)
+
+        v = v[:, None, :] @ m1 @ m2 @ m3
+        return v[:, 0, :3]
+
+    def func_single(v):
+        pts = np.array([v])
+        return func(pts)[0]
+
+    if warp_single:
+        return Manifold.revolve(circle, int(m)).warp(func_single)
+    else:
+        return Manifold.revolve(circle, int(m)).warp_batch(func)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("warp_single", [True, False])
+def test_warp(warp_single):
+    m = run(warp_single=warp_single)
+    assert m.volume() == pytest.approx(20785.76)
+    assert m.surface_area() == pytest.approx(11176.8)
+    assert m.genus() == 1
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    run()

bindings/python/examples/union_failure.py

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 from manifold3d import Manifold
 
+
 def run():
     # for some reason this causes collider error
     obj = Manifold.cube()
-    obj += Manifold([Manifold.cube()]).rotate(0, 0, 45+180)
+    obj += Manifold.cube().rotate([0, 0, 45 + 180])
     return obj

bindings/python/gen_docs.py

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+from os.path import dirname
+import re
+
+base = dirname(dirname(dirname(__file__)))
+
+
+def snake_case(name):
+    return re.sub("([a-z0-9])([A-Z])", r"\1_\2", name).lower()
+
+
+def python_param_modifier(comment):
+    # p = f":{snake_case(m[0][1:])}:"
+    comment = re.sub(r"@(param \w+)", lambda m: f":{snake_case(m[1])}:", comment)
+    # python API renames `MeshGL` to `Mesh`
+    comment = re.sub("mesh_gl", "mesh", comment)
+    comment = re.sub("MeshGL", "Mesh", comment)
+    return comment
+
+
+def method_key(name):
+    name = re.sub(r"\+", "_plus", name)
+    name = re.sub(r"\-", "_minus", name)
+    name = re.sub(r"\^", "_xor", name)
+    name = re.sub(r"\=", "_eq", name)
+    name = re.sub(r"\:", "_", name)
+    name = re.sub(r"\~", "destroy_", name)
+    return name
+
+
+parens_re = re.compile(r"[^(]+\(([^(]*(\(.*\))*[^(]*\))", flags=re.DOTALL)
+args_re = re.compile(
+    r"^[^,^\(^\)]*(\(.*\))*[^,^\(^\)]*[\s\&\*]([0-9\w]+)\s*[,\)]", flags=re.DOTALL
+)
+
+
+def parse_args(s):
+    par = parens_re.match(s)
+    if not par:
+        return None
+    out = []
+    arg_str = par[1]
+    while m := re.search(args_re, arg_str):
+        out += [snake_case(m[2])]
+        arg_str = arg_str[m.span()[1] :]
+    return out
+
+
+def collect(fname, matcher, param_modifier=python_param_modifier):
+    comment = ""
+    with open(fname) as f:
+        for line in f:
+            line = line.lstrip()
+            if line.startswith("/**"):
+                comment = ""
+            elif line.startswith("*/"):
+                pass
+            elif line.startswith("*") and comment is not None:
+                comment += line[1:].lstrip()
+            elif comment and (m := matcher(line)):
+                while (args := parse_args(line)) is None:
+                    line += next(f)
+                    if len(line) > 500:
+                        break
+
+                method = method_key(snake_case(m[1]))
+                # comment = re.sub(param_re, param_modifier, comment)
+                comment = param_modifier(comment)
+                method = "__".join([method, *args])
+                assert method not in comments
+                comments[method] = comment
+                comment = ""
+
+
+comments = {}
+
+method_re = re.compile(r"(\w+::[\w\-\+\^\=\:]+)\(")
+function_re = re.compile(r"([\w\-\+\^\=\:]+)\(")
+
+
+# we don't handle inline functions in classes properly
+# so instead just white-list functions we want
+def select_functions(s):
+    m = function_re.search(s)
+    if m and "Triangulate" in m[0]:
+        return m
+    if m and "Circular" in m[0]:
+        return m
+    return None
+
+
+collect(f"{base}/src/manifold.cpp", lambda s: method_re.search(s))
+collect(f"{base}/src/constructors.cpp", lambda s: method_re.search(s))
+collect(f"{base}/src/sort.cpp", lambda s: method_re.search(s))
+collect(f"{base}/src/sdf.cpp", lambda s: method_re.search(s))
+collect(f"{base}/src/cross_section/cross_section.cpp", lambda s: method_re.search(s))
+collect(f"{base}/src/polygon.cpp", select_functions)
+collect(f"{base}/include/manifold/common.h", select_functions)
+
+comments = dict(sorted(comments.items()))
+
+with open(f"{base}/bindings/python/docstring_override.txt") as f:
+    key = ""
+    for l in f:
+        if l.startswith("  "):
+            comments[key] += l[2:]
+        else:
+            key = l[:-2]
+            if key not in comments.keys():
+                print(f"Error, unknown docstring override key {key}")
+                exit(-1)
+            comments[key] = ""
+
+gen_h = "autogen_docstrings.inl"
+with open(gen_h, "w") as f:
+    f.write("#pragma once\n\n")
+    f.write("// --- AUTO GENERATED ---\n")
+    f.write("// gen_docs.py is run by cmake build\n\n")
+    f.write("namespace manifold_docstrings {\n")
+    for key, doc in comments.items():
+        f.write(f'const char* {key} = R"___({doc.strip()})___";\n')
+    f.write("} // namespace manifold_docs")

bindings/python/stub_pattern.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+manifold3d.__prefix__:
+  import numpy as np
+  from typing import Literal, TypeVar, Union, Any
+
+  N = TypeVar('N', bound=int)
+  DoubleNx2 = np.ndarray[tuple[N, Literal[2]], np.dtype[np.double]]
+  Doublex2 = Union[np.ndarray[tuple[Literal[2]], np.dtype[np.double]], tuple[float, float], list[float]]
+  Doublex3 = Union[np.ndarray[tuple[Literal[3]], np.dtype[np.double]], tuple[float, float, float], list[float]]
+  Double2x3 = np.ndarray[tuple[Literal[2], Literal[3]], np.dtype[np.double]]
+  Double3x4 = np.ndarray[tuple[Literal[3], Literal[4]], np.dtype[np.double]]
+  DoubleNx3 = np.ndarray[tuple[N, Literal[3]], np.dtype[np.double]]
+  Intx3 = Union[np.ndarray[tuple[Literal[3]], np.dtype[np.integer]], tuple[int, int, int], list[int]]
+  IntNx3 = np.ndarray[tuple[N, Literal[3]], np.dtype[np.integer]]

bindings/python/stub_postbuild.py

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import re, sys;
+
+with open(sys.argv[1], 'r') as f:
+  content = f.read()
+
+content = re.sub(r"Annotated\[ArrayLike, dict\(dtype='([^']*)'.*\)\]", r"np.ndarray[Any, np.dtype[np.\1]]", content)
+
+# Remove ArrayLike and Annotated import
+content = re.sub(r"\s*from numpy.typing import ArrayLike\s", r"", content)
+content = re.sub(r"from typing import Annotated, overload", r"from typing import overload", content)
+
+with open(sys.argv[1], 'w') as f:
+  f.write(content)

bindings/python/third_party/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-add_subdirectory(nanobind)

bindings/wasm/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+manifold.js
+manifold.wasm
+manifold-3d-*.tgz
+lib/*.js
+lib/*.js.map
+lib/*.d.ts
+lib/*.d.ts.map
+dist/
+coverage/
+test/results

bindings/wasm/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -12,35 +12,53 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-project(wasm)
-
 add_executable(manifoldjs bindings.cpp)
 
-set_source_files_properties(bindings.cpp PROPERTIES OBJECT_DEPENDS ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/bindings.js)
-target_link_libraries(manifoldjs manifold sdf cross_section polygon)
+set_source_files_properties(
+  bindings.cpp
+  PROPERTIES OBJECT_DEPENDS ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/bindings.js
+)
+target_link_libraries(
+  manifoldjs
+  PRIVATE manifold $<$<BOOL:${MANIFOLD_PAR}>:TBB::tbb>
+)
 target_compile_options(manifoldjs PRIVATE ${MANIFOLD_FLAGS})
-target_link_options(manifoldjs PUBLIC --pre-js ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/bindings.js --bind -sALLOW_TABLE_GROWTH=1
-  -sEXPORTED_RUNTIME_METHODS=addFunction,removeFunction -sMODULARIZE=1 -sEXPORT_ES6=1)
+target_link_options(
+  manifoldjs
+  PUBLIC
+    --pre-js
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/bindings.js
+    --bind
+    -sALLOW_TABLE_GROWTH=1
+    -sEXPORTED_RUNTIME_METHODS=addFunction,removeFunction
+    -sMODULARIZE=1
+    -sEXPORT_ES6=1
+)
 
-target_compile_features(manifoldjs PUBLIC cxx_std_17)
 set_target_properties(manifoldjs PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME "manifold")
 
 file(MAKE_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/examples/built)
 
 # ensure that interface files are copied over when modified
-add_custom_target(js_deps ALL
-        DEPENDS manifoldjs
-               ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/manifold*.d.ts)
+add_custom_target(
+  js_deps
+  ALL
+  DEPENDS manifoldjs ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/manifold*.d.ts
+)
 
 add_custom_command(
-        TARGET js_deps POST_BUILD
-        COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy
-               ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/manifold.*
-               ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/manifold*.d.ts
-               ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/examples/built/)
-
-add_custom_command(
-        TARGET js_deps POST_BUILD
-        COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy
-               ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/manifold*.d.ts
-               ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/examples/public/)
+  TARGET js_deps
+  POST_BUILD
+  # copy WASM build back here for publishing to npm
+  COMMAND
+    ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/manifold.*
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}
+  # copy WASM build and TS declarations for Vite to package into ManifoldCAD.org
+  COMMAND
+    ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/manifold*
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/examples/built/
+  # copy TS declarations to public so they can be accessed by our editor
+  COMMAND
+    ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/manifold*.d.ts
+    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/examples/public/
+)

bindings/wasm/README.md

@@ -1,31 +1,56 @@
+# About Manifold
+
 [![codecov](https://codecov.io/github/elalish/manifold/branch/master/graph/badge.svg?token=IIA8G5HVS7)](https://codecov.io/github/elalish/manifold)
+[![npm version](https://badge.fury.io/js/manifold-3d.svg)](https://badge.fury.io/js/manifold-3d)
 [![twitter](https://img.shields.io/twitter/follow/manifoldcad?style=social&logo=twitter)](https://twitter.com/intent/follow?screen_name=manifoldcad)
 
+[**TS Documentation**](https://manifoldcad.org/jsdocs) | [**C++ Documentation**](https://manifoldcad.org/docs/html/classmanifold_1_1_manifold.html) |  [**Algorithm Documentation**](https://github.com/elalish/manifold/wiki/Manifold-Library) | [**Blog Posts**](https://elalish.blogspot.com/search/label/Manifold) | [**Web Examples**](https://manifoldcad.org/model-viewer.html)
+
+[Manifold](https://github.com/elalish/manifold) is a geometry library dedicated to creating and operating on manifold triangle meshes. A [manifold mesh](https://github.com/elalish/manifold/wiki/Manifold-Library#manifoldness) is a mesh that represents a solid object, and so is very important in manufacturing, CAD, structural analysis, etc. Manifold also supports arbitrary vertex properties and enables mapping of materials for rendering use-cases. Our primary goal is reliability: guaranteed manifold output without caveats or edge cases. Our secondary goal is performance: efficient algorithms that make extensive use of parallelization, or pipelining when only a single thread is available.
+
 ## [ManifoldCAD.org](https://manifoldcad.org)
-If you like OpenSCAD / OpenJSCAD, you might also like ManifoldCAD - our own solid modelling web app based on this package. 
 
-![A metallic Menger sponge](https://elalish.github.io/manifold/samples/models/mengerSponge3.webp "A metallic Menger sponge")
+If you like OpenSCAD / JSCAD, you might also like ManifoldCAD - our own solid modelling web app where you script in JS/TS and save a GLB or 3MF file. It contains several examples showing how to use our API to make interesting shapes. You may notice that some of these examples bare a certain resemblance to my OpenSCAD designs on [Thingiverse](https://www.thingiverse.com/emmett), which is no accident. Much as I love OpenSCAD, this library is dramatically faster and the code is more flexible.
 
-# Manifold
+![A metallic Menger sponge](https://manifoldcad.org/samples/models/mengerSponge192.png "A metallic Menger sponge")
 
-[**High-level Documentation**](https://elalish.blogspot.com/search/label/Manifold) | [**API Documentation**](https://elalish.github.io/manifold/docs/html/modules.html) | [**Algorithm Documentation**](https://github.com/elalish/manifold/wiki/Manifold-Library) | [**Web Examples**](https://elalish.github.io/manifold/model-viewer.html)
+## Manifold Library
 
-[Manifold](https://github.com/elalish/manifold) is a geometry library dedicated to creating and operating on manifold triangle meshes. A [manifold mesh](https://github.com/elalish/manifold/wiki/Manifold-Library#manifoldness) is a mesh that represents a solid object, and so is very important in manufacturing, CAD, structural analysis, etc. Further information can be found on the [wiki](https://github.com/elalish/manifold/wiki/Manifold-Library).
-
-## What's here
-
-This library is fast with guaranteed manifold output. As such you need manifold meshes as input, which this library can create using constructors inspired by the OpenSCAD API, as well as more advanced features like smoothing and signed-distance function (SDF) level sets. You can also pass in your own mesh data, but you'll get an error status if the imported mesh isn't manifold. Various automated repair tools exist online for fixing non manifold models, usually for 3D printing. 
+This library is fast with guaranteed manifold output. As such you need manifold meshes as input, which this library can create using constructors inspired by the OpenSCAD API, as well as a level set function for evaluating signed-distance functions (SDF) that improves significantly over Marching Cubes. You can also pass in your own mesh data, but you'll get an error status if the imported mesh isn't manifold. We provide a [`Merge`](https://manifoldcad.org/docs/html/structmanifold_1_1_mesh_g_l_p.html) function to fix slightly non-manifold meshes, but in general you may need one of the automated repair tools that exist mostly for 3D printing.
 
 The most significant contribution here is a guaranteed-manifold [mesh Boolean](https://github.com/elalish/manifold/wiki/Manifold-Library#mesh-boolean) algorithm, which I believe is the first of its kind. If you know of another, please open a discussion - a mesh Boolean algorithm robust to edge cases has been an open problem for many years. Likewise, if the Boolean here ever fails you, please submit an issue! This Boolean forms the basis of a CAD kernel, as it allows simple shapes to be combined into more complex ones.
 
+Manifold has full support for arbitrary vertex properties, and also has IDs that make it easy to keep track of materials and what surfaces belong to what input objects or faces. See our [web example](https://manifoldcad.org/model-viewer.html) for a simple demonstration of combining objects with unique textures.
+
+Also included are a novel and powerful suite of refining functions for smooth mesh interpolation. They handle smoothing both triangles and quads, as well as keeping polygonal faces flat. You can easily create sharp or small-radius edges where desired, or even drive the curvature by normal vectors.
+
 ## Note on memory management
 
-Since Manifold is a WASM module, it does not automatically garbage-collect like regular JavaScript. You must manually `delete()` each manifold object constructed by your scripts, see [discussion](https://github.com/elalish/manifold/discussions/256#discussioncomment-3944287).
+Since Manifold is a WASM module, it does not automatically garbage-collect like regular JavaScript. You must manually `delete()` each object constructed by your scripts (both `Manifold` and `CrossSection`), see [discussion](https://github.com/elalish/manifold/discussions/256#discussioncomment-3944287).
 
 ## Examples
 
-Please see our usage [examples](https://github.com/elalish/manifold/tree/master/bindings/wasm/examples) to see how to interface this library with `three.js`, `<model-viewer>`, and `glTF`. Of particular note are the included libraries for lossless roundtrip of manifold meshes through glTF files, via a new extension: [EXT_manifold](https://github.com/KhronosGroup/glTF/pull/2286). 
+Please see our usage [examples](https://github.com/elalish/manifold/tree/master/bindings/wasm/examples) to see how to interface this library with `three.js`, `<model-viewer>`, and `glTF`. Of particular note are the included libraries for lossless roundtrip of manifold meshes through glTF files, via a new extension: [EXT_mesh_manifold](https://github.com/KhronosGroup/glTF/pull/2286). 
+
+## Command Line Interface
+
+ManifoldCAD has a [command line interface](./bin/manifold-cad).  It can be run directly as `./bin/manifold-cad`.  It can also be run via `npx`.  If Manifold is not already present, use `npx manifold-3d manifold-cad` or `npx manifold-3d`.  If Manifold is already installed, `npx manifold-cad` will suffice.
+
+```
+Usage: manifold-cad [options] <infile.js> <outfile>
+```
+
+The output file can be in either `.glb` or `.3mf` format, determined by extension.
+
+This CLI is written in relatively plain JavaScript and serves as an example of how to use Manifold in a `node.js` environment.
+
+
+## 3D Formats
+
+Please avoid saving to STL files! They are lossy and inefficient - when saving a manifold mesh to STL there is no guarantee that the re-imported mesh will still be manifold, as the topology is lost. Please consider using [3MF](https://3mf.io/) instead, as this format was designed from the beginning for manifold meshes representing solid objects. 
+
+If you use vertex properties for things like interpolated normals or texture UV coordinates, [glTF](https://www.khronos.org/Gltf) is recommended, specifically using the [`EXT_mesh_manifold`](https://github.com/KhronosGroup/glTF/blob/main/extensions/2.0/Vendor/EXT_mesh_manifold/README.md) extension. This allows for the lossless and efficient transmission of manifoldness even with property boundaries. Try our [make-manifold](https://manifoldcad.org/make-manifold) page to add this extension to your existing glTF/GLB models. 
 
 ## About the author
 
-This library was started by [Emmett Lalish](https://elalish.blogspot.com/). I am currently a Google employee and this is my 20% project, not an official Google project. At my day job I'm the maintainer of [\<model-viewer\>](https://modelviewer.dev/). I was the first employee at a 3D video startup, [Omnivor](https://www.omnivor.io/), and before that I worked on 3D printing at Microsoft, including [3D Builder](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/p/3d-builder/9wzdncrfj3t6?activetab=pivot%3Aoverviewtab). Originally an aerospace engineer, I started at a small DARPA contractor doing seedling projects, one of which became [Sea Hunter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_Hunter). I earned my doctorate from the University of Washington in control theory and published some [papers](https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/75011026_Emmett_Lalish).
+This library was started by [Emmett Lalish](https://elalish.blogspot.com/), currently a senior rendering engineer at Wētā FX. This was my 20% project when I was a Google employee, though my day job was maintaining [\<model-viewer\>](https://modelviewer.dev/). I was the first employee at a 3D video startup, [Omnivor](https://www.omnivor.io/), and before that I worked on 3D printing at Microsoft, including [3D Builder](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/p/3d-builder/9wzdncrfj3t6?activetab=pivot%3Aoverviewtab). Originally an aerospace engineer, I started at a small DARPA contractor doing seedling projects, one of which became [Sea Hunter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_Hunter). I earned my doctorate from the University of Washington in control theory and published some [papers](https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/75011026_Emmett_Lalish).

bindings/wasm/api-extractor-manifoldCAD.json

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+{
+  "$schema": "https://developer.microsoft.com/json-schemas/api-extractor/v7/api-extractor.schema.json",
+  "mainEntryPointFilePath": "./types/manifoldCAD.d.ts",
+  "apiReport": {
+    "enabled": false
+  },
+  "docModel": {
+    "enabled": false
+  },
+  "dtsRollup": {
+    "enabled": true,
+    "untrimmedFilePath": "./dist/manifoldCAD.d.ts"
+  },
+  "tsdocMetadata": {
+    "enabled": false
+  },
+  "messages": {
+    "compilerMessageReporting": {
+      "default": {
+        "logLevel": "warning"
+      }
+    },
+    "extractorMessageReporting": {
+      "default": {
+        "logLevel": "warning"
+      },
+      "ae-missing-release-tag": {
+         "logLevel": "none"
+      },
+      "ae-unresolved-link": {
+        "logLevel": "none"
+      }
+    },
+    "tsdocMessageReporting": {
+      "default": {
+        "logLevel": "warning"
+      },
+      "tsdoc-malformed-html-name": {
+        "logLevel": "none"
+      },
+      "tsdoc-param-tag-missing-hyphen": {
+        "logLevel": "none"
+      },
+      "tsdoc-escape-right-brace": {
+        "logLevel": "none"
+      },
+      "tsdoc-escape-greater-than": {
+        "logLevel": "none"
+      },
+      "tsdoc-malformed-inline-tag": {
+        "logLevel": "none"
+      },
+      "tsdoc-undefined-tag": {
+        "logLevel": "none"
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}

bindings/wasm/api-extractor-manifoldCADGlobals.json

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+{
+  "$schema": "https://developer.microsoft.com/json-schemas/api-extractor/v7/api-extractor.schema.json",
+  "mainEntryPointFilePath": "./types/manifoldCADGlobals.d.ts",
+  "apiReport": {
+    "enabled": false
+  },
+  "docModel": {
+    "enabled": false
+  },
+  "dtsRollup": {
+    "enabled": true,
+    "untrimmedFilePath": "./dist/manifoldCADGlobals.d.ts"
+  },
+  "tsdocMetadata": {
+    "enabled": false
+  },
+  "messages": {
+    "compilerMessageReporting": {
+      "default": {
+        "logLevel": "warning"
+      }
+    },
+    "extractorMessageReporting": {
+      "default": {
+        "logLevel": "warning"
+      },
+      "ae-missing-release-tag": {
+         "logLevel": "none"
+      },
+      "ae-unresolved-link": {
+        "logLevel": "none"
+      }
+    },
+    "tsdocMessageReporting": {
+      "default": {
+        "logLevel": "warning"
+      },
+      "tsdoc-malformed-html-name": {
+        "logLevel": "none"
+      },
+      "tsdoc-param-tag-missing-hyphen": {
+        "logLevel": "none"
+      },
+      "tsdoc-escape-right-brace": {
+        "logLevel": "none"
+      },
+      "tsdoc-escape-greater-than": {
+        "logLevel": "none"
+      },
+      "tsdoc-malformed-inline-tag": {
+        "logLevel": "none"
+      },
+      "tsdoc-undefined-tag": {
+        "logLevel": "none"
+      },
+      "tsdoc-reference-missing-hash": {
+        "logLevel": "none"
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}

bindings/wasm/bin/manifold-cad

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+// Copyright 2025 The Manifold Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+import {readFile, writeFile} from 'node:fs/promises';
+import {extname} from 'node:path';
+
+import {Command} from 'commander';
+
+import {bundleFile} from '../lib/bundler.js';
+import {Export3MF} from '../lib/export-3mf.js';
+import {ExportGLTF} from '../lib/export-gltf.js';
+import * as worker from '../lib/worker.js';
+
+const exporters = [
+  new Export3MF(),
+  new ExportGLTF()
+];
+const program = new Command();
+
+program.name('manifold-cad')
+    .description('Compile a ManifoldCAD program into a mesh.')
+    .argument('<infile.[js|ts]>', 'Input file')
+    .argument('<outfile>', 'Output file')
+    .option('--jscdn <string>', 'Fetch npm packages from a CDN', 'jsDelivr')
+
+    // True means '--bundle' is implied by default, and '--no-bundle'
+    // must be specified to disable bundling.
+    .option('--no-bundle', 'Do not bundle input file before building model', true)
+    .action(async(infile, outfile, options) => {
+      // Choose an exporter.
+      const exporter = exporters.find(ex => ex.extensions.map(ext => `.${ext}`).includes(extname(outfile)));
+      if (!exporter) {
+        const extensions = exporters
+            .reduce((acc, cur) => ([... acc.extensions, ... cur.extensions ]))
+            .map(ext => `.${ext}`)
+            .reduceRight((prev, cur, index) => cur + (index ? ', or ' : ', ') + prev);
+        console.error(`Output file must be one of ${extensions}`);
+        process.exit(1);
+      }
+
+      // Build the model.
+      let bundle = '';
+      if (options.bundle) {
+        bundle = await bundleFile(infile, {jsCDN: options.jscdn});
+      } else {
+        bundle = await readFile(infile, 'utf-8');
+      }
+      const doc = await worker.evaluate(bundle, {doNotBundle:true});
+
+      // Convert it and write it to disk.
+      const binary = await exporter.asBlob(doc);
+      await writeFile(outfile, binary.stream());
+    });
+
+program.parseAsync(process.argv);

bindings/wasm/bindings.cpp

@@ -15,37 +15,55 @@
 #include <emscripten/bind.h>
 #include <emscripten/val.h>
 
-#include <vector>
-
-#include "cross_section.h"
 #include "helpers.cpp"
-#include "manifold.h"
-#include "polygon.h"
-#include "sdf.h"
+#include "manifold/cross_section.h"
+#include "manifold/manifold.h"
+
+#if (MANIFOLD_PAR == 1)
+#include <tbb/parallel_for.h>
+
+#include <atomic>
+#endif
+
+// https://github.com/oneapi-src/oneTBB/blob/master/WASM_Support.md#limitations
+void initTBB() {
+#if (MANIFOLD_PAR == 1)
+  int num_threads = tbb::this_task_arena::max_concurrency();
+  std::atomic<int> barrier{num_threads};
+  tbb::parallel_for(
+      0, num_threads,
+      [&barrier](int) {
+        barrier--;
+        while (barrier > 0) {
+          // Send browser thread to event loop
+          std::this_thread::yield();
+        }
+      },
+      tbb::static_partitioner{});
+#endif
+}
 
 using namespace emscripten;
 using namespace manifold;
 
 EMSCRIPTEN_BINDINGS(whatever) {
-  value_object<glm::vec2>("vec2")
-      .field("x", &glm::vec2::x)
-      .field("y", &glm::vec2::y);
+  value_object<vec2>("vec2").field("x", &vec2::x).field("y", &vec2::y);
 
-  value_object<glm::ivec3>("ivec3")
-      .field("0", &glm::ivec3::x)
-      .field("1", &glm::ivec3::y)
-      .field("2", &glm::ivec3::z);
+  value_object<ivec3>("ivec3")
+      .field("0", &ivec3::x)
+      .field("1", &ivec3::y)
+      .field("2", &ivec3::z);
 
-  value_object<glm::vec3>("vec3")
-      .field("x", &glm::vec3::x)
-      .field("y", &glm::vec3::y)
-      .field("z", &glm::vec3::z);
+  value_object<vec3>("vec3")
+      .field("x", &vec3::x)
+      .field("y", &vec3::y)
+      .field("z", &vec3::z);
 
-  value_object<glm::vec4>("vec4")
-      .field("x", &glm::vec4::x)
-      .field("y", &glm::vec4::y)
-      .field("z", &glm::vec4::z)
-      .field("w", &glm::vec4::w);
+  value_object<vec4>("vec4")
+      .field("x", &vec4::x)
+      .field("y", &vec4::y)
+      .field("z", &vec4::z)
+      .field("w", &vec4::w);
 
   enum_<Manifold::Error>("status")
       .value("NoError", Manifold::Error::NoError)
@@ -72,7 +90,8 @@ EMSCRIPTEN_BINDINGS(whatever) {
   enum_<CrossSection::JoinType>("jointype")
       .value("Square", CrossSection::JoinType::Square)
       .value("Round", CrossSection::JoinType::Round)
-      .value("Miter", CrossSection::JoinType::Miter);
+      .value("Miter", CrossSection::JoinType::Miter)
+      .value("Bevel", CrossSection::JoinType::Bevel);
 
   value_object<Rect>("rect").field("min", &Rect::min).field("max", &Rect::max);
   value_object<Box>("box").field("min", &Box::min).field("max", &Box::max);
@@ -81,19 +100,15 @@ EMSCRIPTEN_BINDINGS(whatever) {
       .field("halfedge", &Smoothness::halfedge)
       .field("smoothness", &Smoothness::smoothness);
 
-  value_object<Properties>("properties")
-      .field("surfaceArea", &Properties::surfaceArea)
-      .field("volume", &Properties::volume);
-
-  register_vector<glm::ivec3>("Vector_ivec3");
-  register_vector<glm::vec3>("Vector_vec3");
-  register_vector<glm::vec2>("Vector_vec2");
-  register_vector<std::vector<glm::vec2>>("Vector2_vec2");
-  register_vector<float>("Vector_f32");
+  register_vector<ivec3>("Vector_ivec3");
+  register_vector<vec3>("Vector_vec3");
+  register_vector<vec2>("Vector_vec2");
+  register_vector<std::vector<vec2>>("Vector2_vec2");
+  register_vector<double>("Vector_f64");
   register_vector<CrossSection>("Vector_crossSection");
   register_vector<Manifold>("Vector_manifold");
   register_vector<Smoothness>("Vector_smoothness");
-  register_vector<glm::vec4>("Vector_vec4");
+  register_vector<vec4>("Vector_vec4");
 
   class_<CrossSection>("CrossSection")
       .constructor(&cross_js::OfPolygons)
@@ -112,7 +127,7 @@ EMSCRIPTEN_BINDINGS(whatever) {
       .function("numVert", &CrossSection::NumVert)
       .function("numContour", &CrossSection::NumContour)
       .function("_Bounds", &CrossSection::Bounds)
-      .function("simplify", &CrossSection::Simplify)
+      .function("_Simplify", &CrossSection::Simplify)
       .function("_Offset", &cross_js::Offset)
       .function("_ToPolygons", &CrossSection::ToPolygons)
       .function("hull",
@@ -126,9 +141,9 @@ EMSCRIPTEN_BINDINGS(whatever) {
   function("_crossSectionDifferenceN", &cross_js::DifferenceN);
   function("_crossSectionIntersectionN", &cross_js::IntersectionN);
   function("_crossSectionCollectVertices", &cross_js::CollectVertices);
-  function("_crossSectionHullPoints",
-           select_overload<CrossSection(std::vector<glm::vec2>)>(
-               &CrossSection::Hull));
+  function(
+      "_crossSectionHullPoints",
+      select_overload<CrossSection(std::vector<vec2>)>(&CrossSection::Hull));
 
   class_<Manifold>("Manifold")
       .constructor(&man_js::FromMeshJS)
@@ -138,9 +153,15 @@ EMSCRIPTEN_BINDINGS(whatever) {
       .function("_Split", &man_js::Split)
       .function("_SplitByPlane", &man_js::SplitByPlane)
       .function("_TrimByPlane", &Manifold::TrimByPlane)
+      .function("_Slice", &Manifold::Slice)
+      .function("_Project", &Manifold::Project)
       .function("hull", select_overload<Manifold() const>(&Manifold::Hull))
       .function("_GetMeshJS", &js::GetMeshJS)
       .function("refine", &Manifold::Refine)
+      .function("refineToLength", &Manifold::RefineToLength)
+      .function("refineToTolerance", &Manifold::RefineToTolerance)
+      .function("smoothByNormals", &Manifold::SmoothByNormals)
+      .function("_SmoothOut", &Manifold::SmoothOut)
       .function("_Warp", &man_js::Warp)
       .function("_SetProperties", &man_js::SetProperties)
       .function("transform", &man_js::Transform)
@@ -151,17 +172,22 @@ EMSCRIPTEN_BINDINGS(whatever) {
       .function("_Decompose", select_overload<std::vector<Manifold>() const>(
                                   &Manifold::Decompose))
       .function("isEmpty", &Manifold::IsEmpty)
-      .function("status", &Manifold::Status)
+      .function("status", &man_js::Status)
       .function("numVert", &Manifold::NumVert)
       .function("numEdge", &Manifold::NumEdge)
       .function("numTri", &Manifold::NumTri)
       .function("numProp", &Manifold::NumProp)
       .function("numPropVert", &Manifold::NumPropVert)
       .function("_boundingBox", &Manifold::BoundingBox)
-      .function("precision", &Manifold::Precision)
+      .function("tolerance", &Manifold::GetTolerance)
+      .function("setTolerance", &Manifold::SetTolerance)
+      .function("simplify", &Manifold::Simplify)
       .function("genus", &Manifold::Genus)
-      .function("getProperties", &Manifold::GetProperties)
+      .function("volume", &Manifold::Volume)
+      .function("surfaceArea", &Manifold::SurfaceArea)
+      .function("minGap", &Manifold::MinGap)
       .function("calculateCurvature", &Manifold::CalculateCurvature)
+      .function("_CalculateNormals", &Manifold::CalculateNormals)
       .function("originalID", &Manifold::OriginalID)
       .function("asOriginal", &Manifold::AsOriginal);
 
@@ -182,13 +208,16 @@ EMSCRIPTEN_BINDINGS(whatever) {
   function("_manifoldDifferenceN", &man_js::DifferenceN);
   function("_manifoldIntersectionN", &man_js::IntersectionN);
   function("_manifoldCollectVertices", &man_js::CollectVertices);
-  function("_manifoldHullPoints",
-           select_overload<Manifold(const std::vector<glm::vec3>&)>(
-               &Manifold::Hull));
+  function(
+      "_manifoldHullPoints",
+      select_overload<Manifold(const std::vector<vec3>&)>(&Manifold::Hull));
 
   // Quality Globals
   function("setMinCircularAngle", &Quality::SetMinCircularAngle);
   function("setMinCircularEdgeLength", &Quality::SetMinCircularEdgeLength);
   function("setCircularSegments", &Quality::SetCircularSegments);
   function("getCircularSegments", &Quality::GetCircularSegments);
+  function("resetToCircularDefaults", &Quality::ResetToDefaults);
+
+  function("initTBB", &initTBB);
 }

bindings/wasm/bindings.js

@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@ Module.setup = function() {
   if (_ManifoldInitialized) return;
   _ManifoldInitialized = true;
 
+  // warmup tbb for emscripten, according to
+  // https://github.com/oneapi-src/oneTBB/blob/master/WASM_Support.md#limitations
+  Module.initTBB();
   // conversion utilities
 
   function toVec(vec, list, f = x => x) {
@@ -128,12 +131,12 @@ Module.setup = function() {
 
   Module.CrossSection.prototype.warp = function(func) {
     const wasmFuncPtr = addFunction(function(vec2Ptr) {
-      const x = getValue(vec2Ptr, 'float');
-      const y = getValue(vec2Ptr + 4, 'float');
+      const x = getValue(vec2Ptr, 'double');
+      const y = getValue(vec2Ptr + 8, 'double');
       const vert = [x, y];
       func(vert);
-      setValue(vec2Ptr, vert[0], 'float');
-      setValue(vec2Ptr + 4, vert[1], 'float');
+      setValue(vec2Ptr, vert[0], 'double');
+      setValue(vec2Ptr + 8, vert[1], 'double');
     }, 'vi');
     const out = this._Warp(wasmFuncPtr);
     removeFunction(wasmFuncPtr);
@@ -156,23 +159,28 @@ Module.setup = function() {
   };
 
   Module.CrossSection.prototype.offset = function(
-      delta, joinType = 'Square', miterLimit = 2.0, circularSegments = 0) {
+      delta, joinType = 'Round', miterLimit = 2.0, circularSegments = 0) {
     return this._Offset(
         delta, joinTypeToInt(joinType), miterLimit, circularSegments);
   };
 
+  Module.CrossSection.prototype.simplify = function(epsilon = 1e-6) {
+    return this._Simplify(epsilon);
+  };
+
   Module.CrossSection.prototype.extrude = function(
       height, nDivisions = 0, twistDegrees = 0.0, scaleTop = [1.0, 1.0],
       center = false) {
     scaleTop = vararg2vec2([scaleTop]);
-    const man =
-        Module._Extrude(this, height, nDivisions, twistDegrees, scaleTop);
+    const man = Module._Extrude(
+        this._ToPolygons(), height, nDivisions, twistDegrees, scaleTop);
     return (center ? man.translate([0., 0., -height / 2.]) : man);
   };
 
   Module.CrossSection.prototype.revolve = function(
       circularSegments = 0, revolveDegrees = 360.0) {
-    return Module._Revolve(this, circularSegments, revolveDegrees);
+    return Module._Revolve(
+        this._ToPolygons(), circularSegments, revolveDegrees);
   };
 
   Module.CrossSection.prototype.add = function(other) {
@@ -189,54 +197,64 @@ Module.setup = function() {
 
   Module.CrossSection.prototype.toPolygons = function() {
     const vec = this._ToPolygons();
-    const result = vec2polygons(vec);
+    const result = vec2polygons(vec, v => [v.x, v.y]);
     vec.delete();
     return result;
   };
 
   // Manifold methods
 
+  Module.Manifold.prototype.smoothOut = function(
+      minSharpAngle = 60, minSmoothness = 0) {
+    return this._SmoothOut(minSharpAngle, minSmoothness);
+  };
+
   Module.Manifold.prototype.warp = function(func) {
     const wasmFuncPtr = addFunction(function(vec3Ptr) {
-      const x = getValue(vec3Ptr, 'float');
-      const y = getValue(vec3Ptr + 4, 'float');
-      const z = getValue(vec3Ptr + 8, 'float');
+      const x = getValue(vec3Ptr, 'double');
+      const y = getValue(vec3Ptr + 8, 'double');
+      const z = getValue(vec3Ptr + 16, 'double');
       const vert = [x, y, z];
       func(vert);
-      setValue(vec3Ptr, vert[0], 'float');
-      setValue(vec3Ptr + 4, vert[1], 'float');
-      setValue(vec3Ptr + 8, vert[2], 'float');
+      setValue(vec3Ptr, vert[0], 'double');
+      setValue(vec3Ptr + 8, vert[1], 'double');
+      setValue(vec3Ptr + 16, vert[2], 'double');
     }, 'vi');
     const out = this._Warp(wasmFuncPtr);
     removeFunction(wasmFuncPtr);
 
     const status = out.status();
-    if (status.value !== 0) {
-      throw new Module.ManifoldError(status.value);
+    if (status !== 'NoError') {
+      throw new Module.ManifoldError(status);
     }
     return out;
   };
 
+  Module.Manifold.prototype.calculateNormals = function(
+      normalIdx, minSharpAngle = 60) {
+    return this._CalculateNormals(normalIdx, minSharpAngle);
+  };
+
   Module.Manifold.prototype.setProperties = function(numProp, func) {
     const oldNumProp = this.numProp();
     const wasmFuncPtr = addFunction(function(newPtr, vec3Ptr, oldPtr) {
       const newProp = [];
       for (let i = 0; i < numProp; ++i) {
-        newProp[i] = getValue(newPtr + 4 * i, 'float');
+        newProp[i] = getValue(newPtr + 8 * i, 'double');
       }
       const pos = [];
       for (let i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
-        pos[i] = getValue(vec3Ptr + 4 * i, 'float');
+        pos[i] = getValue(vec3Ptr + 8 * i, 'double');
       }
       const oldProp = [];
       for (let i = 0; i < oldNumProp; ++i) {
-        oldProp[i] = getValue(oldPtr + 4 * i, 'float');
+        oldProp[i] = getValue(oldPtr + 8 * i, 'double');
       }
 
       func(newProp, pos, oldProp);
 
       for (let i = 0; i < numProp; ++i) {
-        setValue(newPtr + 4 * i, newProp[i], 'float');
+        setValue(newPtr + 8 * i, newProp[i], 'double');
       }
     }, 'viii');
     const out = this._SetProperties(numProp, wasmFuncPtr);
@@ -248,8 +266,12 @@ Module.setup = function() {
     return this._Translate(vararg2vec3(vec));
   };
 
-  Module.Manifold.prototype.rotate = function(vec) {
-    return this._Rotate(...vec);
+  Module.Manifold.prototype.rotate = function(xOrVec, y, z) {
+    if (Array.isArray(xOrVec)) {
+      return this._Rotate(...xOrVec);
+    } else {
+      return this._Rotate(xOrVec, y || 0, z || 0);
+    }
   };
 
   Module.Manifold.prototype.scale = function(vec) {
@@ -268,15 +290,29 @@ Module.setup = function() {
     return this._TrimByPlane(vararg2vec3([normal]), offset);
   };
 
+  Module.Manifold.prototype.slice = function(height = 0.) {
+    const polygonsVec = this._Slice(height);
+    const result = new CrossSectionCtor(polygonsVec, fillRuleToInt('Positive'));
+    disposePolygons(polygonsVec);
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  Module.Manifold.prototype.project = function() {
+    const polygonsVec = this._Project();
+    const result = new CrossSectionCtor(polygonsVec, fillRuleToInt('Positive'));
+    disposePolygons(polygonsVec);
+    return result;
+  };
+
   Module.Manifold.prototype.split = function(manifold) {
-    const vec = this._split(manifold);
+    const vec = this._Split(manifold);
     const result = fromVec(vec);
     vec.delete();
     return result;
   };
 
   Module.Manifold.prototype.splitByPlane = function(normal, offset = 0.) {
-    const vec = this._splitByPlane(vararg2vec3([normal]), offset);
+    const vec = this._SplitByPlane(vararg2vec3([normal]), offset);
     const result = fromVec(vec);
     vec.delete();
     return result;
@@ -345,12 +381,13 @@ Module.setup = function() {
     }
 
     position(vert) {
-      return this.vertProperties.subarray(numProp * vert, numProp * vert + 3);
+      return this.vertProperties.subarray(
+          this.numProp * vert, this.numProp * vert + 3);
     }
 
     extras(vert) {
       return this.vertProperties.subarray(
-          numProp * vert + 3, numProp * (vert + 1));
+          this.numProp * vert + 3, this.numProp * (vert + 1));
     }
 
     tangent(halfedge) {
@@ -371,45 +408,43 @@ Module.setup = function() {
 
   Module.Mesh = Mesh;
 
-  Module.Manifold.prototype.getMesh = function(normalIdx = [0, 0, 0]) {
-    if (normalIdx instanceof Array)
-      normalIdx = {0: normalIdx[0], 1: normalIdx[1], 2: normalIdx[2]};
+  Module.Manifold.prototype.getMesh = function(normalIdx = -1) {
     return new Mesh(this._GetMeshJS(normalIdx));
   };
 
   Module.ManifoldError = function ManifoldError(code, ...args) {
     let message = 'Unknown error';
     switch (code) {
-      case Module.status.NonFiniteVertex.value:
+      case 'NonFiniteVertex':
         message = 'Non-finite vertex';
         break;
-      case Module.status.NotManifold.value:
+      case 'NotManifold':
         message = 'Not manifold';
         break;
-      case Module.status.VertexOutOfBounds.value:
+      case 'VertexOutOfBounds':
         message = 'Vertex index out of bounds';
         break;
-      case Module.status.PropertiesWrongLength.value:
+      case 'PropertiesWrongLength':
         message = 'Properties have wrong length';
         break;
-      case Module.status.MissingPositionProperties.value:
+      case 'MissingPositionProperties':
         message = 'Less than three properties';
         break;
-      case Module.status.MergeVectorsDifferentLengths.value:
+      case 'MergeVectorsDifferentLengths':
         message = 'Merge vectors have different lengths';
         break;
-      case Module.status.MergeIndexOutOfBounds.value:
+      case 'MergeIndexOutOfBounds':
         message = 'Merge index out of bounds';
         break;
-      case Module.status.TransformWrongLength.value:
+      case 'TransformWrongLength':
         message = 'Transform vector has wrong length';
         break;
-      case Module.status.RunIndexWrongLength.value:
+      case 'RunIndexWrongLength':
         message = 'Run index vector has wrong length';
         break;
-      case Module.status.FaceIDWrongLength.value:
+      case 'FaceIDWrongLength':
         message = 'Face ID vector has wrong length';
-      case Module.status.InvalidConstruction.value:
+      case 'InvalidConstruction':
         message = 'Manifold constructed with invalid parameters';
     }
 
@@ -519,8 +554,8 @@ Module.setup = function() {
     const manifold = new ManifoldCtor(mesh);
 
     const status = manifold.status();
-    if (status.value !== 0) {
-      throw new Module.ManifoldError(status.value);
+    if (status !== 'NoError') {
+      throw new Module.ManifoldError(status);
     }
 
     return manifold;
@@ -609,19 +644,21 @@ Module.setup = function() {
   Module.Manifold.difference = manifoldBatchbool('Difference');
   Module.Manifold.intersection = manifoldBatchbool('Intersection');
 
-  Module.Manifold.levelSet = function(sdf, bounds, edgeLength, level = 0) {
+  Module.Manifold.levelSet = function(
+      sdf, bounds, edgeLength, level = 0, tolerance = -1) {
     const bounds2 = {
       min: {x: bounds.min[0], y: bounds.min[1], z: bounds.min[2]},
       max: {x: bounds.max[0], y: bounds.max[1], z: bounds.max[2]},
     };
     const wasmFuncPtr = addFunction(function(vec3Ptr) {
-      const x = getValue(vec3Ptr, 'float');
-      const y = getValue(vec3Ptr + 4, 'float');
-      const z = getValue(vec3Ptr + 8, 'float');
+      const x = getValue(vec3Ptr, 'double');
+      const y = getValue(vec3Ptr + 8, 'double');
+      const z = getValue(vec3Ptr + 16, 'double');
       const vert = [x, y, z];
       return sdf(vert);
-    }, 'fi');
-    const out = Module._LevelSet(wasmFuncPtr, bounds2, edgeLength, level);
+    }, 'di');
+    const out =
+        Module._LevelSet(wasmFuncPtr, bounds2, edgeLength, level, tolerance);
     removeFunction(wasmFuncPtr);
     return out;
   };
@@ -665,10 +702,11 @@ Module.setup = function() {
 
   // Top-level functions
 
-  Module.triangulate = function(polygons, precision = -1) {
+  Module.triangulate = function(polygons, epsilon = -1, allowConvex = true) {
     const polygonsVec = polygons2vec(polygons);
     const result = fromVec(
-        Module._Triangulate(polygonsVec, precision), (x) => [x[0], x[1], x[2]]);
+        Module._Triangulate(polygonsVec, epsilon, allowConvex),
+        (x) => [x[0], x[1], x[2]]);
     disposePolygons(polygonsVec);
     return result;
   };

bindings/wasm/documents/Get Started.md

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# Get Started
+
+
+## Installation
+
+In your project root folder run:
+
+```bash
+npm i manifold-3d
+```
+
+To start using Manifold, import it and initialize it:
+
+```js
+import Module from 'manifold-3d';
+
+const wasm = await Module();
+wasm.setup();
+const { Manifold } = wasm;
+```
+
+Intro example
+
+```js
+const {cube, sphere} = Manifold;
+const box = cube([100, 100, 100], true);
+const ball = sphere(60, 100);
+const result = box.subtract(ball);
+```
+
+## Next steps
+
+In order to visualize Manifold mesh using Three.js library please check out our example [here](https://github.com/elalish/manifold/blob/master/bindings/wasm/examples/three.ts) 

bindings/wasm/esbuild.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import * as esbuild from 'esbuild';
+
+await esbuild.build({
+  entryPoints: ['lib/worker.ts'],
+  bundle: true,
+  outfile: 'dist/worker.bundled.js',
+  format: 'esm',
+  target: 'esnext',
+  sourcemap: 'inline',
+  sourcesContent: false,
+  external: [
+    'node:path', 'node:url', 'module',
+  ]
+});

bindings/wasm/examples/editor-examples.js

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+import auger from '../test/examples/auger.mjs?raw';
+import gearBearing from '../test/examples/gear-bearing.ts?raw';
+import gyroidModule from '../test/examples/gyroid-module.mjs?raw';
+import heart from '../test/examples/heart.mjs?raw';
+import intro from '../test/examples/intro.mjs?raw';
+import involuteGearLibrary from '../test/examples/involute-gear-library.ts?raw';
+import mengerSponge from '../test/examples/menger-sponge.mjs?raw';
+import roundedFrame from '../test/examples/rounded-frame.mjs?raw';
+import scallop from '../test/examples/scallop.mjs?raw';
+import stretchyBracelet from '../test/examples/stretchy-bracelet.mjs?raw';
+import tetrahedronPuzzle from '../test/examples/tetrahedron-puzzle.mjs?raw';
+import torusKnot from '../test/examples/torus-knot.mjs?raw';
+import voronoi from '../test/examples/voronoi.mjs?raw';
+
+const examples = new Map();
+examples.set('Intro', intro);
+examples.set('Auger', auger);
+examples.set('Tetrahedron Puzzle', tetrahedronPuzzle);
+examples.set('Rounded Frame', roundedFrame);
+examples.set('Heart', heart);
+examples.set('Scallop', scallop);
+examples.set('Torus Knot', torusKnot);
+examples.set('Menger Sponge', mengerSponge);
+examples.set('Stretchy Bracelet', stretchyBracelet);
+examples.set('Gyroid Module', gyroidModule);
+examples.set('Gear Bearing', gearBearing);
+examples.set('involute-gear-library', involuteGearLibrary);
+examples.set('Voronoi', voronoi);
+
+if (typeof self !== 'undefined') {
+  self.examples = examples;
+}

bindings/wasm/examples/editor.css

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ button:hover {
   filter: brightness(0.9);
 }
 
-input {
+.name {
   border: none;
   height: 36px;
   background-color: transparent;
@@ -77,12 +77,12 @@ input {
   -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
 }
 
-input:focus {
+.name:focus {
   outline: none;
 }
 
 p {
-  margin: 1em;
+  margin: 18px;
   text-align: left;
 }
 
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ model-viewer {
 
 .header .margin {
   font-size: 16px;
-  margin: 1em 0.5em;
+  margin: 18px 8px;
 }
 
 .dropdown {
@@ -168,6 +168,29 @@ model-viewer {
   position: relative;
 }
 
+.top-edit {
+  display: inline-block;
+  vertical-align: middle;
+  height: 36px;
+  top: 18px;
+  border: none;
+  border-radius: 18px;
+}
+
+.top-icon {
+  display: inline-block;
+  vertical-align: middle;
+  width: 36px;
+  background-size: 24px;
+  background-repeat: no-repeat;
+  background-position: center;
+  background-color: transparent;
+}
+
+.squish {
+  margin-right: -12px;
+}
+
 .icon {
   display: inline-block;
   background-color: transparent;
@@ -180,6 +203,22 @@ model-viewer {
   background-position: center;
 }
 
+.undo {
+  background-image: url(/icons/undo.png);
+}
+
+.redo {
+  background-image: url(/icons/redo.png);
+}
+
+.star {
+  background-image: url(/icons/star.png);
+}
+
+.share {
+  background-image: url(/icons/share.png);
+}
+
 .cancel {
   background-image: url(/icons/close.png);
   background-size: 20px;
@@ -196,10 +235,22 @@ model-viewer {
   background-image: url(/icons/trash.png);
 }
 
+.play {
+  background-image: url(/icons/play.png);
+}
+
+.pause {
+  background-image: url(/icons/pause.png);
+}
+
 .icon:hover {
   background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
 }
 
+.top-icon:hover {
+  background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
+}
+
 .blue {
   background-color: rgb(148, 221, 255);
 }
@@ -221,7 +272,52 @@ model-viewer {
   width: 125px;
 }
 
-@media only screen and (max-width: 600px) {
+#animation {
+  display: none;
+  align-items: center;
+  position: absolute;
+  width: 100%;
+  bottom: 0px;
+  margin: 2px;
+}
+
+#play {
+  position: relative;
+  background-color: #ccc;
+  margin: 8px;
+}
+
+.slider {
+  position: relative;
+  -webkit-appearance: none;
+  appearance: none;
+  width: 100%;
+  height: 10px;
+  border-radius: 5px;
+  margin-right: 16px;
+  background: #ffffff55;
+  outline: none;
+}
+
+.slider::-webkit-slider-thumb {
+  -webkit-appearance: none;
+  appearance: none;
+  width: 25px;
+  height: 25px;
+  border-radius: 50%;
+  background: #ccc;
+  cursor: pointer;
+}
+
+.slider::-moz-range-thumb {
+  width: 25px;
+  height: 25px;
+  border-radius: 50%;
+  background: #ccc;
+  cursor: pointer;
+}
+
+@media only screen and (max-width: 820px) {
   .container {
     flex-direction: column;
     width: 100%;
@@ -256,4 +352,4 @@ model-viewer {
     width: calc(50% - 16px);
     margin: 8px;
   }
-}
+}

bindings/wasm/examples/editor.js

@@ -12,10 +12,21 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-import ManifoldWorker from './worker?worker';
+// '?url' is vite convention to reference a static asset.
+// vite will package the asset and provide a proper URL.
+import esbuildWasmUrl from 'esbuild-wasm/esbuild.wasm?url';
+import {AutoTypings, LocalStorageCache} from 'monaco-editor-auto-typings';
+import * as monaco from 'monaco-editor/esm/vs/editor/editor.main';
+// '?worker' is vite convention to load a module as a web worker.
+import editorWorker from 'monaco-editor/esm/vs/editor/editor.worker?worker';
+import tsWorker from 'monaco-editor/esm/vs/language/typescript/ts.worker?worker';
 
+import ManifoldWorker from '../lib/worker?worker';
+import manifoldWasmUrl from '../manifold.wasm?url';
+
+const CODE_START = '<code>';
 // Loaded globally by examples.js
-const exampleFunctions = self.examples.functionBodies;
+const exampleFunctions = self.examples;
 
 if (navigator.serviceWorker) {
   navigator.serviceWorker.register(
@@ -24,6 +35,28 @@ if (navigator.serviceWorker) {
 
 let editor = undefined;
 
+// Edit UI ------------------------------------------------------------
+
+const undoButton = document.querySelector('#undo');
+const redoButton = document.querySelector('#redo');
+const formatButton = document.querySelector('#format');
+const shareButton = document.querySelector('#share');
+
+undoButton.onclick = () => editor.trigger('ignored', 'undo');
+redoButton.onclick = () => editor.trigger('ignored', 'redo');
+formatButton.onclick = () =>
+    editor.trigger('ignored', 'editor.action.formatDocument');
+shareButton.onclick = () => {
+  const url = new URL(window.location.toString());
+  url.hash =
+      '#' +
+      encodeURIComponent(
+          currentFileElement.textContent + CODE_START + editor.getValue());
+  navigator.clipboard.writeText(url.toString());
+  console.log('Shareable link copied to clipboard!');
+  console.log('Consider shortening this URL using tinyURL.com');
+};
+
 // File UI ------------------------------------------------------------
 const fileButton = document.querySelector('#file');
 const currentFileElement = document.querySelector('#current');
@@ -71,6 +104,28 @@ function nthKey(n) {
   }
 }
 
+function getAllScripts() {
+  const files = {};
+  for (const [name, contents] of exampleFunctions) {
+    files[name] = contents;
+  }
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < window.localStorage.length; i++) {
+    const key = nthKey(i);
+    if (!key || key === 'currentName' || key === 'safe') continue;
+    files[key] = getScript(key)
+  }
+  return files;
+}
+
+function getModelForScript(filename) {
+  const uri = monaco.Uri.parse(`inmemory://model/${filename}.ts`);
+  const model = monaco.editor.getModel(uri) ||
+      monaco.editor.createModel('', 'typescript', uri);
+  model.updateOptions({tabSize: 2});
+  return model;
+}
+
 function saveCurrent() {
   if (editor) {
     const currentName = currentFileElement.textContent;
@@ -90,10 +145,17 @@ function switchTo(scriptName) {
     switching = true;
     currentFileElement.textContent = scriptName;
     setScript('currentName', scriptName);
-    const code =
-        exampleFunctions.get(scriptName) ?? getScript(scriptName) ?? '';
     isExample = exampleFunctions.get(scriptName) != null;
-    editor.setValue(code);
+    const code = isExample ? exampleFunctions.get(scriptName) :
+                             getScript(scriptName) ?? '';
+    window.location.hash = '#' + scriptName;
+    const model = getModelForScript(scriptName);
+    editor.setModel(model);
+
+    // Either editor.setValue() or model.setValue() will trigger
+    // onDidChangeModelContent.  This will cause some UI updates, but will also
+    // get monaco-editor-auto-typings to update types.
+    model.setValue(code);
   }
 }
 
@@ -146,6 +208,7 @@ function addEdit(button) {
     const code = getScript(oldName);
     const form = document.createElement('form');
     const inputElement = document.createElement('input');
+    inputElement.classList.add('name');
     inputElement.value = oldName;
     label.textContent = '';
     button.appendChild(form);
@@ -203,16 +266,16 @@ function addEdit(button) {
 }
 
 const newButton = document.querySelector('#new');
-function newItem(code) {
-  const name = uniqueName('New Script');
+function newItem(code, scriptName = undefined) {
+  const name = uniqueName(scriptName ?? 'New Script');
   setScript(name, code);
   const nextButton = createDropdownItem(name);
   newButton.insertAdjacentElement('afterend', nextButton.parentElement);
   addEdit(nextButton);
-  nextButton.click();
+  return {button: nextButton, name};
 };
 newButton.onclick = function() {
-  newItem('');
+  newItem('').button.click();
 };
 
 const runButton = document.querySelector('#compile');
@@ -225,58 +288,60 @@ function initializeRun() {
   if (autoExecute) {
     runButton.click();
   } else {
-    poster.textContent = 'Auto-run disabled due to prior failure';
+    poster.textContent = 'Auto-run disabled';
   }
 }
 
 // Editor ------------------------------------------------------------
-let tsWorker = undefined;
 
-async function getManifoldDTS() {
-  const global = await fetch('/manifold-global-types.d.ts')
-                     .then(response => response.text());
-
-  const encapsulated = await fetch('/manifold-encapsulated-types.d.ts')
-                           .then(response => response.text());
-
-  return `
-${global.replaceAll('export', '')}
-${encapsulated.replace(/^import.*$/gm, '').replaceAll('export', 'declare')}
-declare interface ManifoldToplevel {
-  CrossSection: typeof T.CrossSection;
-  Manifold: typeof T.Manifold;
-  Mesh: typeof T.Mesh;
-  triangulate: typeof T.triangulate;
-  setMinCircularAngle: typeof T.setMinCircularAngle;
-  setMinCircularEdgeLength: typeof T.setMinCircularEdgeLength;
-  setCircularSegments: typeof T.setCircularSegments;
-  getCircularSegments: typeof T.getCircularSegments;
-  setup: () => void;
-}
-declare const module: ManifoldToplevel;
-`;
+async function getDTS(url) {
+  const response = await fetch(url);
+  const text = await response.text();
+  return text.replace(/^export \{ }.*$/gm, '').replace(/^export /gm, '');
 }
 
-async function getEditorDTS() {
-  const global = await fetch('/editor.d.ts').then(response => response.text());
-  return `${global.replace(/^import.*$/gm, '')}`;
-}
+async function createEditor() {
+  self.MonacoEnvironment = {
+    getWorker: (_, label) => {
+      if (label === 'typescript' || label === 'javascript') {
+        return new tsWorker();
+      } else {
+        return new editorWorker();
+      }
+    }
+  };
 
-require.config({
-  paths:
-      {vs: 'https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/monaco-editor/0.34.0/min/vs'}
-});
-require(['vs/editor/editor.main'], async function() {
-  monaco.languages.typescript.typescriptDefaults.addExtraLib(
-      await getManifoldDTS());
-  monaco.languages.typescript.typescriptDefaults.addExtraLib(
-      await getEditorDTS());
-  editor = monaco.editor.create(
-      document.getElementById('editor'),
-      {language: 'typescript', automaticLayout: true});
-  const w = await monaco.languages.typescript.getTypeScriptWorker();
-  tsWorker = await w(editor.getModel().uri);
-  editor.getModel().updateOptions({tabSize: 2});
+  editor = monaco.editor.create(document.getElementById('editor'), {
+    language: 'typescript',
+    automaticLayout: true,
+  });
+
+  // Make sure `manifold-3d/manifoldCAD` types are available for import.
+  const wrap = (module, content) =>
+      `declare module '${module}' {\n${content}\n};`
+  const manifoldCadDTS =
+      wrap('manifold-3d/manifoldCAD', await getDTS('/manifoldCAD.d.ts'));
+  monaco.languages.typescript.typescriptDefaults.addExtraLib(manifoldCadDTS);
+
+  // Types for the global namespace.
+  const globalsDTS = await getDTS('/manifoldCADGlobals.d.ts');
+  monaco.languages.typescript.typescriptDefaults.addExtraLib(globalsDTS);
+
+  // Load up all scripts so that monaco can check types of multi-file models.
+  for (const [filename, content] of Object.entries(getAllScripts())) {
+    getModelForScript(filename).setValue(content);
+  }
+
+  // Initialize auto typing on monaco editor.
+  self.window.typecache = new LocalStorageCache();
+  const autoTypings = await AutoTypings.create(editor, {
+    sourceCache: self.window.typecache,
+    onError: e => {console.error(e)},
+    onUpdate: (update, text) => {console.debug(text)},
+    onUpdateVersions: (versions) => {
+      console.debug(versions)
+    }
+  });
 
   for (const [name] of exampleFunctions) {
     const button = createDropdownItem(name);
@@ -298,30 +363,109 @@ require(['vs/editor/editor.main'], async function() {
       addEdit(button);
     }
   }
-  switchTo(currentName);
+
+  if (window.location.hash.length > 0) {
+    const fragment = decodeURIComponent(window.location.hash.substring(1));
+    const codeIdx = fragment.indexOf(CODE_START);
+    if (codeIdx != -1) {
+      autoExecute = true;
+      const name = fragment.substring(0, codeIdx);
+      switchTo(
+          newItem(fragment.substring(codeIdx + CODE_START.length), name).name);
+    } else {
+      if (fragment != currentName) {
+        autoExecute = true;
+      }
+      switchTo(fragment);
+    }
+  } else {
+    switchTo(currentName);
+  }
 
   if (manifoldInitialized) {
     initializeRun();
   }
 
   editor.onDidChangeModelContent(e => {
-    runButton.disabled = false;
-    if (switching) {
-      switching = false;
+    // monaco-editor-auto-typings loaded types.  Do nothing.
+    if (autoTypings.isResolving && e.changes.isFlush) {
       return;
     }
+
+    // The user switched models.
+    if (switching) {
+      switching = false;
+      editor.setScrollTop(0);
+      runButton.disabled = false;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // The user edited an example.
+    // Copy it into a new script.
     if (isExample) {
       const cursor = editor.getPosition();
-      newItem(editor.getValue());
+      newItem(editor.getValue()).button.click();
       editor.setPosition(cursor);
+      runButton.disabled = false;
+      return;
     }
+
+    // And if we're here, the user made an edit.
+    runButton.disabled = false;
   });
 
   window.onresize = () => {
     editor.layout({});
   };
+};
+
+createEditor();
+
+// Animation ------------------------------------------------------------
+const mv = document.querySelector('model-viewer');
+const animationContainer = document.querySelector('#animation');
+const playButton = document.querySelector('#play');
+const scrubber = document.querySelector('#scrubber');
+let paused = false;
+
+mv.addEventListener('load', () => {
+  const hasAnimation = mv.availableAnimations.length > 0;
+  animationContainer.style.display = hasAnimation ? 'flex' : 'none';
+  if (hasAnimation) {
+    play();
+  }
 });
 
+function play() {
+  mv.play();
+  playButton.classList.remove('play');
+  playButton.classList.add('pause');
+  paused = false;
+  scrubber.classList.add('hide');
+}
+
+function pause() {
+  mv.pause();
+  playButton.classList.remove('pause');
+  playButton.classList.add('play');
+  paused = true;
+  scrubber.max = mv.duration;
+  scrubber.value = mv.currentTime;
+  scrubber.classList.remove('hide');
+}
+
+playButton.onclick = function() {
+  if (paused) {
+    play();
+  } else {
+    pause();
+  }
+};
+
+scrubber.oninput = function() {
+  mv.currentTime = scrubber.value;
+};
+
 // Execution ------------------------------------------------------------
 const consoleElement = document.querySelector('#console');
 const oldLog = console.log;
@@ -345,19 +489,13 @@ function disableCancel() {
   runButton.classList.remove('red', 'cancel');
 }
 
-let t0 = performance.now();
-
 function finishRun() {
   disableCancel();
-  const t1 = performance.now();
   const log = consoleElement.textContent;
   // Remove "Running..."
   consoleElement.textContent = log.substring(log.indexOf('\n') + 1);
-  console.log(
-      `Took ${(Math.round((t1 - t0) / 10) / 100).toLocaleString()} seconds`);
 }
 
-const mv = document.querySelector('model-viewer');
 const output = {
   glbURL: null,
   threeMFURL: null
@@ -366,41 +504,70 @@ let manifoldWorker = null;
 
 function createWorker() {
   manifoldWorker = new ManifoldWorker();
-  manifoldWorker.onmessage = function(e) {
-    if (e.data == null) {
+
+  manifoldWorker.onmessage = (e) => {
+    const message = e.data;
+
+    if (message?.type === 'ready') {
       if (tsWorker != null && !manifoldInitialized) {
         initializeRun();
       }
       manifoldInitialized = true;
-      return;
-    }
 
-    if (e.data.log != null) {
-      consoleElement.textContent += e.data.log + '\r\n';
+    } else if (message?.type === 'error') {
+      // Clean up.
+      setScript('safe', 'false');
+      finishRun();
+
+      // Show errors.  If the stack trace makes more sense, show that.
+      const errorText = `${message.name}: ${message.message}`;
+      if (message.stack && message.stack.startsWith(errorText)) {
+        consoleElement.textContent += message.stack + '\r\n';
+      } else {
+        consoleElement.textContent += errorText + '\r\n';
+      }
       consoleElement.scrollTop = consoleElement.scrollHeight;
-      return;
-    }
-
-    finishRun();
-    runButton.disabled = true;
-
-    if (output.threeMFURL != null) {
-      URL.revokeObjectURL(output.threeMFURL);
-      output.threeMFURL = null;
-    }
-    URL.revokeObjectURL(output.glbURL);
-    output.glbURL = e.data.glbURL;
-    output.threeMFURL = e.data.threeMFURL;
-    threemfButton.disabled = output.threeMFURL == null;
-    mv.src = output.glbURL;
-    if (output.glbURL == null) {
       mv.showPoster();
       poster.textContent = 'Error';
+
+      // Clear models.
+      if (output.glbURL) URL.revokeObjectURL(output.glbURL);
+      if (output.threeMFURL) URL.revokeObjectURL(output.threeMFURL);
+      output.glbURL = null;
+      output.threeMFURL = null;
+      threemfButton.disabled = true;
+
+      // Start all over again.
       createWorker();
-    } else {
+
+    } else if (message?.type === 'log') {
+      consoleElement.textContent += message.message + '\r\n';
+      consoleElement.scrollTop = consoleElement.scrollHeight;
+
+    } else if (message?.type === 'done') {
       setScript('safe', 'true');
+      manifoldWorker.postMessage({type: 'export', extension: 'glb'});
+      manifoldWorker.postMessage({type: 'export', extension: '3mf'});
+
+      finishRun();
+      runButton.disabled = true;
+
+    } else if (message?.type === 'blob') {
+      if (message.extension === 'glb') {
+        if (output.glbURL) URL.revokeObjectURL(output.glbURL);
+        output.glbURL = message.blobURL;
+
+        mv.src = output.glbURL;
+      } else if (message?.extension === '3mf') {
+        if (output.threeMFURL) URL.revokeObjectURL(output.threeMFURL);
+        output.threeMFURL = message.blobURL;
+        threemfButton.disabled = false;
+      }
     }
-  }
+  };
+
+  manifoldWorker.postMessage(
+      {type: 'initialize', esbuildWasmUrl, manifoldWasmUrl});
 }
 
 createWorker();
@@ -411,9 +578,14 @@ async function run() {
   enableCancel();
   clearConsole();
   console.log('Running...');
-  const output = await tsWorker.getEmitOutput(editor.getModel().uri.toString());
-  manifoldWorker.postMessage(output.outputFiles[0].text);
-  t0 = performance.now();
+  const files = {};
+  for (const [filename, contents] of Object.entries(getAllScripts())) {
+    files[`./${filename}`] = contents;
+  }
+  const filename = currentFileElement.textContent;
+  const code = editor.getValue();
+  manifoldWorker.postMessage(
+      {type: 'evaluate', code, filename, jsCDN: 'jsDelivr', files});
 }
 
 function cancel() {

bindings/wasm/examples/gltf-io.js

@@ -1,285 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 The Manifold Authors.
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-import {Accessor} from '@gltf-transform/core';
-
-import {EXTManifold} from './manifold-gltf.js';
-
-export const attributeDefs = {
-  'POSITION': {type: Accessor.Type.VEC3, components: 3},
-  'NORMAL': {type: Accessor.Type.VEC3, components: 3},
-  'TANGENT': {type: Accessor.Type.VEC4, components: 4},
-  'TEXCOORD_0': {type: Accessor.Type.VEC2, components: 2},
-  'TEXCOORD_1': {type: Accessor.Type.VEC2, components: 2},
-  'COLOR_0': {type: Accessor.Type.VEC3, components: 3},
-  'JOINTS_0': {type: Accessor.Type.VEC4, components: 4},
-  'WEIGHTS_0': {type: Accessor.Type.VEC4, components: 4},
-  'SKIP_1': {type: null, components: 1},
-  'SKIP_2': {type: null, components: 2},
-  'SKIP_3': {type: null, components: 3},
-  'SKIP_4': {type: null, components: 4},
-};
-
-export function setupIO(io) {
-  return io.registerExtensions([EXTManifold]);
-}
-
-function readPrimitive(primitive, numProp, attributes) {
-  const position = primitive.getAttribute('POSITION');
-  const numVert = position.getCount();
-  const vertProperties = [];
-  let offset = 0;
-  for (const attribute of attributes) {
-    const size = attributeDefs[attribute].components;
-    if (attribute === 'SKIP') {
-      offset += size;
-      continue;
-    }
-    const accessor = primitive.getAttribute(attribute);
-    if (accessor) {
-      const array = accessor.getArray();
-      for (let i = 0; i < numVert; ++i) {
-        for (let j = 0; j < size; ++j) {
-          vertProperties[numProp * i + offset + j] = array[i * size + j];
-        }
-      }
-    } else {
-      for (let i = 0; i < numVert; ++i) {
-        for (let j = 0; j < size; ++j) {
-          vertProperties[numProp * i + offset + j] = 0;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    offset += size;
-  }
-  return vertProperties;
-}
-
-export function readMesh(mesh, attributes, materials) {
-  const primitives = mesh.listPrimitives();
-  if (primitives.length === 0) {
-    return {};
-  }
-
-  if (attributes.length === 0) {
-    const attributeSet = new Set();
-    for (const primitive of primitives) {
-      const semantics = primitive.listSemantics();
-      for (const semantic of semantics) {
-        attributeSet.add(semantic);
-      }
-    }
-    for (const semantic in attributeDefs) {
-      if (attributeSet.has(semantic)) {
-        attributes.push(semantic);
-        attributeSet.delete(semantic);
-      }
-    }
-    for (const semantic of attributeSet.keys()) {
-      attributes.push(semantic);
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (attributes.length < 1 || attributes[0] !== 'POSITION')
-    throw new Error('First attribute must be "POSITION".');
-
-  const numProp = attributes.map((def) => attributeDefs[def].components)
-                      .reduce((a, b) => a + b);
-
-  const manifoldPrimitive = mesh.getExtension('EXT_manifold');
-
-  let vertPropArray = [];
-  let triVertArray = [];
-  const runIndexArray = [0];
-  const mergeFromVert = [];
-  const mergeToVert = [];
-  if (manifoldPrimitive != null) {
-    vertPropArray = readPrimitive(primitives[0], numProp, attributes);
-    for (const primitive of primitives) {
-      triVertArray = [...triVertArray, ...primitive.getIndices().getArray()];
-      runIndexArray.push(triVertArray.length);
-      materials.push(primitive.getMaterial());
-    }
-    const mergeTriVert = manifoldPrimitive.getMergeIndices()?.getArray() ?? [];
-    const mergeTo = manifoldPrimitive.getMergeValues()?.getArray() ?? [];
-    const vert2merge = new Map();
-    for (const [i, idx] of mergeTriVert.entries()) {
-      vert2merge.set(triVertArray[idx], mergeTo[i]);
-    }
-    for (const [from, to] of vert2merge.entries()) {
-      mergeFromVert.push(from);
-      mergeToVert.push(to);
-    }
-  } else {
-    for (const primitive of primitives) {
-      const numVert = vertPropArray.length / numProp;
-      vertPropArray =
-          [...vertPropArray, ...readPrimitive(primitive, numProp, attributes)];
-      triVertArray = [
-        ...triVertArray,
-        ...primitive.getIndices().getArray().map((i) => i + numVert)
-      ];
-      runIndexArray.push(triVertArray.length);
-      materials.push(primitive.getMaterial());
-    }
-  }
-  const vertProperties = new Float32Array(vertPropArray);
-  const triVerts = new Uint32Array(triVertArray);
-  const runIndex = new Uint32Array(runIndexArray);
-
-  return {
-    numProp,
-    triVerts,
-    vertProperties,
-    runIndex,
-    mergeFromVert,
-    mergeToVert
-  };
-}
-
-export function writeMesh(doc, manifoldMesh, attributes, materials) {
-  if (doc.getRoot().listBuffers().length === 0) {
-    doc.createBuffer();
-  }
-  const buffer = doc.getRoot().listBuffers()[0];
-  const manifoldExtension = doc.createExtension(EXTManifold);
-
-  const attributeUnion = [];
-  for (const matAttributes of attributes) {
-    matAttributes.forEach((attribute, i) => {
-      if (i >= attributeUnion.length) {
-        attributeUnion.push(attribute);
-      } else {
-        const size = attributeDefs[attribute].components;
-        const unionSize = attributeDefs[attributeUnion[i]].components;
-        if (size != unionSize) {
-          throw new Error(
-              'Attribute sizes do not correspond: ', attribute, ' and ',
-              attributeUnion[i]);
-        }
-        if (attributeDefs[attributeUnion[i]].type == null) {
-          attributeUnion[i] = attribute;
-        }
-      }
-    });
-  }
-  if (attributeUnion.length < 1 || attributeUnion[0] !== 'POSITION')
-    throw new Error('First attribute must be "POSITION".');
-
-  const mesh = doc.createMesh();
-  const numPrimitive = manifoldMesh.runIndex.length - 1;
-  for (let run = 0; run < numPrimitive; ++run) {
-    const indices = doc.createAccessor('indices')
-                        .setBuffer(buffer)
-                        .setType(Accessor.Type.SCALAR)
-                        .setArray(new Uint32Array());
-    const primitive = doc.createPrimitive().setIndices(indices);
-    const material = materials[run];
-    if (material) {
-      primitive.setMaterial(material);
-    }
-    mesh.addPrimitive(primitive);
-  }
-
-  const numVert = manifoldMesh.numVert;
-  const numProp = manifoldMesh.numProp;
-  let offset = 0;
-  attributeUnion.forEach((attribute, aIdx) => {
-    if (attribute === 'SKIP') {
-      ++offset;
-      return;
-    }
-    const def = attributeDefs[attribute];
-    if (def == null)
-      throw new Error(attribute + ' is not a recognized attribute.');
-
-    const n = def.components;
-    if (offset + n > numProp) throw new Error('Too many attribute channels.');
-
-    const array = new Float32Array(n * numVert);
-    for (let v = 0; v < numVert; ++v) {
-      for (let i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-        array[n * v + i] =
-            manifoldMesh.vertProperties[numProp * v + offset + i];
-      }
-    }
-
-    const accessor =
-        doc.createAccessor().setBuffer(buffer).setType(def.type).setArray(
-            array);
-
-    mesh.listPrimitives().forEach((primitive, pIdx) => {
-      if (attributes[pIdx].length > aIdx &&
-          attributeDefs[attributes[pIdx][aIdx]].type != null) {
-        primitive.setAttribute(attribute, accessor);
-      }
-    });
-    offset += n;
-  });
-
-  const manifoldPrimitive = manifoldExtension.createManifoldPrimitive();
-  mesh.setExtension('EXT_manifold', manifoldPrimitive);
-
-  const indices = doc.createAccessor('indices')
-                      .setBuffer(buffer)
-                      .setType(Accessor.Type.SCALAR)
-                      .setArray(manifoldMesh.triVerts);
-  manifoldPrimitive.setIndices(indices);
-  manifoldPrimitive.setRunIndex(manifoldMesh.runIndex);
-
-  const vert2merge = [...Array(manifoldMesh.numVert).keys()];
-  for (const [i, from] of manifoldMesh.mergeFromVert.entries()) {
-    vert2merge[from] = manifoldMesh.mergeToVert[i];
-  }
-  const ind = [];
-  const val = [];
-  for (const [i, vert] of manifoldMesh.triVerts.entries()) {
-    const newVert = vert2merge[vert];
-    if (vert !== newVert) {
-      ind.push(i);
-      val.push(newVert);
-    }
-  }
-  const indicesAccessor = doc.createAccessor()
-                              .setBuffer(buffer)
-                              .setType(Accessor.Type.SCALAR)
-                              .setArray(new Uint32Array(ind));
-  const valuesAccessor = doc.createAccessor()
-                             .setBuffer(buffer)
-                             .setType(Accessor.Type.SCALAR)
-                             .setArray(new Uint32Array(val));
-  manifoldPrimitive.setMerge(indicesAccessor, valuesAccessor);
-
-  return mesh;
-}
-
-export function disposeMesh(mesh) {
-  if (!mesh) return;
-  const primitives = mesh.listPrimitives();
-  for (const primitive of primitives) {
-    primitive.getIndices()?.dispose();
-    for (const accessor of primitive.listAttributes()) {
-      accessor.dispose();
-    }
-  }
-
-  mesh.dispose();
-}
-
-export async function loadTexture(texture, uri) {
-  const response = await fetch(uri);
-  const blob = await response.blob();
-  texture.setMimeType(blob.type);
-  texture.setImage(new Uint8Array(await blob.arrayBuffer()));
-}

bindings/wasm/examples/index.html

@@ -33,14 +33,21 @@
     self.ModelViewerElement = self.ModelViewerElement || {};
     self.ModelViewerElement.modelCacheSize = 0;
   </script>
-  <script type="module" src="/examples.js"></script>
+  <script type="module" src="/editor-examples.js"></script>
 </head>
 
 <body>
   <div class="page">
     <div class="container header" style="background-color: #A288B3;">
-      <p style="flex: 2;"><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/elalish/manifold">Manifold</a>CAD </p>
-      <div class="margin" id="file-margin" >
+      <p style="flex: 2;"><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/elalish/manifold">Manifold</a>CAD
+        &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="top-edit blue">
+          <button type="button" id="undo" class="top-icon undo squish"></button>
+          <button type="button" id="redo" class="top-icon redo squish"></button>
+          <button type="button" id="format" class="top-icon star squish"></button>
+          <button type="button" id="share" class="top-icon share"></button>
+        </span>
+      </p>
+      <div class="margin" id="file-margin">
         <button type="button" id="file" class="blue item"><b class="uparrow"></b>&nbsp;&nbsp;<span
             id="current">Intro</span></button>
         <div class="dropdown" id="fileDropdown">
@@ -66,10 +73,14 @@
       <div id="editor" class="col"></div>
       <div class="col container" style="flex-direction: column;">
         <model-viewer camera-controls min-camera-orbit="auto 0deg auto" max-camera-orbit="auto 180deg auto"
-          shadow-intensity="1" interaction-prompt="none" alt="Editor 3D output">
+          shadow-intensity="1" tone-mapping="neutral" interaction-prompt="none" alt="Editor 3D output">
           <div class="center" slot="poster">
             <p id="poster" style="text-align: center; line-height: 36px;"> Loading... </p>
           </div>
+          <div id="animation">
+            <button type="button" id="play" class="icon pause"></button>
+            <input type="range" min="0" max="1" step="0.01" value="0" class="slider" id="scrubber">
+          </div>
         </model-viewer>
         <div id="console"></div>
       </div>
@@ -84,6 +95,6 @@
   integrity="sha512-iQEIc0rsSDujsfjtD+lfyJ1W23Bh/lbgriubKDAym6VlEIDRj9rrbSIyJRyshOrl8s0yRcQ0+gyrZfSLyjJGWQ=="
   crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer">
 <script type="module" src="editor.js"></script>
-<script type="module" src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/model-viewer/3.1.1/model-viewer.min.js"></script>
+<script type="module" src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/model-viewer/3.5.0/model-viewer.min.js"></script>
 
-</html>
+</html>

bindings/wasm/examples/make-manifold.html

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
 <body>
   <p>Load a glTF/GLB model and our <a href="https://github.com/elalish/manifold">Manifold</a> library will attempt to
     merge it into a set of manifold objects. If the model is water-tight, you can download the new GLB which will have
-    our <a href="https://github.com/KhronosGroup/glTF/pull/2286">EXT_manifold</a> extension, thus preserving the
+    our <a href="https://github.com/KhronosGroup/glTF/pull/2286">EXT_mesh_manifold</a> extension, thus preserving the
     manifold data without losing any mesh properties.</p>
   <p> If the View Manifold GLB checkbox is enabled, then some meshes in the model have open edges and don't represent a
     solid object. Check this box to see only the manifold parts, which will also enable them to be downloaded. If the
@@ -55,135 +55,11 @@
   <button id="download" disabled>Download manifold GLB</button>
   <input type="checkbox" id="viewFinal" disabled>
   <label for="viewFinal">View Manifold GLB</label>
-  <model-viewer camera-controls shadow-intensity="1" alt="Loaded GLB model">
+  <model-viewer camera-controls shadow-intensity="1" tone-mapping="neutral" alt="Loaded GLB model">
     <span id="poster" slot="poster">Drop a GLB here</span>
   </model-viewer>
 </body>
-<script type="module" src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/model-viewer/2.0.1/model-viewer.min.js"></script>
-<script type="module">
-  import { WebIO } from '@gltf-transform/core';
-  import { prune } from '@gltf-transform/functions';
-  import { KHRONOS_EXTENSIONS } from '@gltf-transform/extensions';
-  import { SimpleDropzone } from 'simple-dropzone';
-  import { readMesh, writeMesh, setupIO } from './gltf-io.js';
-  import Module from './built/manifold.js';
-
-  const io = setupIO(new WebIO());
-  io.registerExtensions(KHRONOS_EXTENSIONS);
-
-  const wasm = await Module();
-  wasm.setup();
-
-  const { Manifold, Mesh } = wasm;
-
-  const mv = document.querySelector('model-viewer');
-  const inputEl = document.querySelector('#input');
-  const downloadButton = document.querySelector('#download');
-  const checkbox = document.querySelector('#viewFinal');
-  const dropCtrl = new SimpleDropzone(mv, inputEl);
-
-  let inputGLBurl = null;
-  let outputGLBurl = null;
-  let allManifold = true;
-  let anyManifold = false;
-
-  dropCtrl.on('drop', async ({ files }) => {
-    for (const [path, file] of files) {
-      const filename = file.name.toLowerCase();
-      if (filename.match(/\.(gltf|glb)$/)) {
-        URL.revokeObjectURL(inputGLBurl);
-        inputGLBurl = URL.createObjectURL(file);
-        await writeGLB(await readGLB(inputGLBurl));
-        updateUI();
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-  });
-
-  function updateUI() {
-    if (allManifold) {
-      checkbox.checked = true;
-      checkbox.disabled = true;
-    } else if (anyManifold) {
-      checkbox.checked = false;
-      checkbox.disabled = false;
-    } else {
-      checkbox.checked = false;
-      checkbox.disabled = true;
-    }
-    onClick();
-  }
-
-  checkbox.onclick = onClick;
-
-  function onClick() {
-    mv.src = checkbox.checked ? outputGLBurl : inputGLBurl;
-    downloadButton.disabled = !checkbox.checked;
-  };
-
-  downloadButton.onclick = function () {
-    const link = document.createElement('a');
-    link.download = 'manifold.glb';
-    link.href = outputGLBurl;
-    link.click();
-  };
-
-  async function writeGLB(doc) {
-    URL.revokeObjectURL(outputGLBurl);
-    if (!anyManifold) {
-      return;
-    }
-    const glb = await io.writeBinary(doc);
-
-    const blob = new Blob([glb], { type: 'application/octet-stream' });
-    outputGLBurl = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
-  }
-
-  async function readGLB(url) {
-    allManifold = false;
-    anyManifold = false;
-    updateUI();
-    allManifold = true;
-    const docIn = await io.read(url);
-    const nodes = docIn.getRoot().listNodes();
-    for (const node of nodes) {
-      const attributes = [];
-      const mesh = node.getMesh();
-      if (!mesh) {
-        continue;
-      }
-
-      const materials = [];
-      const tmpMesh = readMesh(mesh, attributes, materials);
-      tmpMesh.runOriginalID = [];
-      const firstID = Manifold.reserveIDs(materials.length);
-      for (let i = 0; i < materials.length; ++i) {
-        tmpMesh.runOriginalID.push(firstID + i);
-      }
-      const manifoldMesh = new Mesh(tmpMesh);
-      mesh.dispose();
-
-      const matAttributes = [];
-      materials.forEach(() => matAttributes.push(attributes));
-
-      manifoldMesh.merge();
-
-      try {
-        // Test manifoldness - will throw if not.
-        const manifold = Manifold(manifoldMesh);
-        node.setMesh(writeMesh(docIn, manifold.getMesh(), matAttributes, materials));
-        manifold.delete();
-        anyManifold = true;
-      } catch (e) {
-        console.log(mesh.getName(), e);
-        allManifold = false;
-      }
-    }
-
-    await docIn.transform(prune());
-
-    return docIn;
-  }
-</script>
+<script type="module" src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/model-viewer/3.5.0/model-viewer.min.js"></script>
+<script type="module" src="make-manifold.ts"></script>
 
 </html>

bindings/wasm/examples/make-manifold.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Manifold Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+import {Document, WebIO} from '@gltf-transform/core';
+import {KHRONOS_EXTENSIONS} from '@gltf-transform/extensions';
+import {prune} from '@gltf-transform/functions';
+import {SimpleDropzone} from 'simple-dropzone';
+
+import {disposeMesh, Properties, readMesh, setupIO, writeMesh} from '../lib/gltf-io';
+
+import Module from './built/manifold.js';
+
+// Set up gltf-transform
+const io = setupIO(new WebIO());
+io.registerExtensions(KHRONOS_EXTENSIONS);
+
+// Set up Manifold WASM library
+const wasm = await Module();
+wasm.setup();
+const {Manifold, Mesh} = wasm;
+
+// UX elements
+const mv = document.querySelector('model-viewer');
+const inputEl = document.querySelector('#input') as HTMLInputElement;
+const downloadButton = document.querySelector('#download') as HTMLButtonElement;
+const checkbox = document.querySelector('#viewFinal') as HTMLInputElement;
+const dropCtrl = new SimpleDropzone(mv, inputEl) as any;
+
+// glTF objects in memory
+let inputGLBurl = '';
+let outputGLBurl = '';
+// Status of manifoldness of all meshes
+let allManifold = true;
+let anyManifold = false;
+
+// The processing is run when a glTF is drag-and-dropped onto this element.
+dropCtrl.on('drop', async ({files}: {files: Map<string, File>}) => {
+  for (const [_path, file] of files) {
+    const filename = file.name.toLowerCase();
+    if (filename.match(/\.(gltf|glb)$/)) {
+      URL.revokeObjectURL(inputGLBurl);
+      inputGLBurl = URL.createObjectURL(file);
+      await writeGLB(await readGLB(inputGLBurl));
+      updateUI();
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+});
+
+// UI functions
+
+function updateUI() {
+  if (allManifold) {
+    checkbox.checked = true;
+    checkbox.disabled = true;
+  } else if (anyManifold) {
+    checkbox.checked = false;
+    checkbox.disabled = false;
+  } else {
+    checkbox.checked = false;
+    checkbox.disabled = true;
+  }
+  onClick();
+}
+
+checkbox.onclick = onClick;
+
+function onClick() {
+  (mv as any).src = checkbox.checked ? outputGLBurl : inputGLBurl;
+  downloadButton.disabled = !checkbox.checked;
+};
+
+downloadButton.onclick = () => {
+  const link = document.createElement('a');
+  link.download = 'manifold.glb';
+  link.href = outputGLBurl;
+  link.click();
+};
+
+// Write output glTF using gltf-transform, which contains only the meshes that
+// are manifold, and using the EXT_mesh_manifold extension.
+async function writeGLB(doc: Document): Promise<void> {
+  URL.revokeObjectURL(outputGLBurl);
+  if (!anyManifold) {
+    return;
+  }
+  const glb = await io.writeBinary(doc);
+
+  const blob = new Blob(
+      [glb as Uint8Array<ArrayBuffer>], {type: 'application/octet-stream'});
+  outputGLBurl = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
+}
+
+// Read the glTF ObjectURL and return a gltf-transform document with all the
+// non-manifold meshes stripped out.
+async function readGLB(url: string): Promise<Document> {
+  allManifold = false;
+  anyManifold = false;
+  updateUI();
+  allManifold = true;
+  const docIn = await io.read(url);
+  const nodes = docIn.getRoot().listNodes();
+  for (const node of nodes) {
+    const mesh = node.getMesh();
+    if (!mesh) continue;
+
+    const tmp = readMesh(mesh);
+    if (!tmp) continue;
+
+    const id2properties = new Map<number, Properties>();
+    const numID = tmp.runProperties.length;
+    const firstID = Manifold.reserveIDs(numID);
+    tmp.mesh.runOriginalID = new Uint32Array(numID);
+    for (let i = 0; i < numID; ++i) {
+      tmp.mesh.runOriginalID[i] = firstID + i;
+      id2properties.set(firstID + i, tmp.runProperties[i]);
+    }
+    const manifoldMesh = new Mesh(tmp.mesh);
+    disposeMesh(mesh);
+    // Make the mesh manifold if it's close.
+    manifoldMesh.merge();
+
+    try {
+      // Test manifoldness - will throw if not.
+      const manifold = new Manifold(manifoldMesh);
+      // Replace the mesh with a manifold version
+      node.setMesh(writeMesh(docIn, manifold.getMesh(), id2properties));
+      manifold.delete();
+      anyManifold = true;
+    } catch (e) {
+      console.log(mesh.getName(), e);
+      allManifold = false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Prune the leftovers after non-manifold mesh removal.
+  await docIn.transform(prune());
+
+  return docIn;
+}

bindings/wasm/examples/model-viewer-script.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Manifold Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+import {Document, WebIO} from '@gltf-transform/core';
+import {clearNodeTransform, flatten, mergeDocuments, prune} from '@gltf-transform/functions';
+
+import {disposeMesh, Properties, readMesh, setupIO, writeMesh} from '../lib/gltf-io';
+
+import Module, {Manifold, Mesh} from './built/manifold';
+
+// Set up gltf-transform
+const io = setupIO(new WebIO());
+const doc = new Document();
+
+
+// Set up Manifold WASM library
+const wasm = await Module();
+wasm.setup();
+const {Manifold, Mesh} = wasm;
+
+// Map of OriginalID to glTF material and attributes
+const id2properties = new Map<number, Properties>();
+
+// Wrapper for gltf-io readMesh() that processes a whole glTF and stores the
+// properties in the above map. This function is simplified and intended only
+// for reading single-object glTFs, as it simply unions any extra meshes
+// together rather than returning a scene hierarchy.
+async function readGLB(url: string) {
+  const manifolds = Array<Manifold>();
+  const docIn = await io.read(url);
+  await docIn.transform(flatten());
+  const nodes = docIn.getRoot().listNodes();
+  const ids = Array<number>();
+  for (const node of nodes) {
+    clearNodeTransform(node);
+    const gltfMesh = node.getMesh();
+    if (gltfMesh == null) continue;
+    const tmp = readMesh(gltfMesh);
+    if (tmp == null) continue;
+
+    const numID = tmp.runProperties.length;
+    const firstID = Manifold.reserveIDs(numID);
+    tmp.mesh.runOriginalID = new Uint32Array(numID);
+    for (let i = 0; i < numID; ++i) {
+      tmp.mesh.runOriginalID[i] = firstID + i;
+      ids.push(firstID + i);
+      id2properties.set(firstID + i, tmp.runProperties[i]);
+    }
+    manifolds.push(new Manifold(new Mesh(tmp.mesh)));
+  }
+  // pull in materials, TODO: replace with transfer() when available
+  const startIdx = doc.getRoot().listMaterials().length;
+  mergeDocuments(doc, docIn);
+  doc.getRoot().listScenes().forEach((s) => s.dispose());
+  doc.getRoot().listBuffers().forEach((s) => s.dispose());
+  doc.getRoot().listAccessors().forEach((s) => s.dispose());
+  for (const [i, id] of ids.entries()) {
+    const material = doc.getRoot().listMaterials()[startIdx + i];
+    id2properties.get(id)!.material = material;
+  }
+
+  return Manifold.union(manifolds);
+}
+
+// Read static input glTFs
+const space = await readGLB('/models/space.glb');
+const moon = await readGLB('/models/moon.glb');
+
+const node = doc.createNode();
+doc.createScene().addChild(node);
+
+// Set up UI for operations
+type BooleanOp = 'union'|'difference'|'intersection';
+
+function csg(operation: BooleanOp) {
+  push2MV(Manifold[operation](space, moon));
+}
+
+csg('difference');
+const selectElement = document.querySelector('select')!;
+selectElement.onchange = function() {
+  csg(selectElement.value as BooleanOp);
+};
+
+// The resulting glTF
+let objectURL = '';
+
+// Set up download UI
+const downloadButton = document.querySelector('#download') as HTMLButtonElement;
+downloadButton.onclick = function() {
+  const link = document.createElement('a');
+  link.download = 'manifold.glb';
+  link.href = objectURL;
+  link.click();
+};
+
+// <model-viewer> element for rendering resulting glTF.
+const mv = document.querySelector('model-viewer');
+
+// Use gltf-io and gltf-transform to convert the resulting Manifold to a glTF
+// and display it with <model-viewer>.
+async function push2MV(manifold: Manifold) {
+  disposeMesh(node.getMesh()!);
+  const mesh = writeMesh(doc, manifold.getMesh(), id2properties);
+  node.setMesh(mesh);
+  await doc.transform(prune());
+
+  const glb = await io.writeBinary(doc);
+
+  const blob = new Blob(
+      [glb as Uint8Array<ArrayBuffer>], {type: 'application/octet-stream'});
+  URL.revokeObjectURL(objectURL);
+  objectURL = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
+  (mv as any).src = objectURL;
+}

bindings/wasm/examples/model-viewer.html

@@ -35,117 +35,24 @@
 </head>
 
 <body>
-  <p>This example demonstrates feeding Manifold's output into <a
-      href="https://modelviewer.dev/">&lt;model-viewer&gt;</a> via <a
-      href="https://gltf-transform.donmccurdy.com/index.html">gltf-transform</a>. It also shows how to pass mesh
-    properties like UV coordinates through Manifold and how to re-associate textures after operations. A more basic
-    three.js example is <a href="three.html">here</a>. </p>
+  <p>This example demonstrates reading and writing glTF models using <a
+      href="https://gltf-transform.donmccurdy.com/index.html">gltf-transform</a> and using this to feed Manifold's
+    output into <a href="https://modelviewer.dev/">&lt;model-viewer&gt;</a>. It also shows how to pass mesh properties
+    like UV coordinates through Manifold and how to re-associate textures and materials after operations, made simple
+    using our `gltf-io.ts` library. The resulting glTF includes the EXT_mesh_manifold extension, using our
+    `manifold-gltf.ts` extension to gltf-transform, which ensures lossless data transfer.</p>
+  <p>Please open dev tools to inspect our source code - everything is source mapped back to our TS files and commented
+    thoroughly. A more basic three.js example is <a href="three.html">here</a>. </p>
   <select>
     <option value="difference" selected>Difference</option>
     <option value="intersection">Intersection</option>
     <option value="union">Union</option>
   </select>
   <button id="download">Download manifold GLB</button>
-  <model-viewer camera-controls shadow-intensity="1" alt="Output of mesh Boolean operation"></model-viewer>
+  <model-viewer camera-controls shadow-intensity="1" tone-mapping="neutral"
+    alt="Output of mesh Boolean operation"></model-viewer>
 </body>
-<script type="module" src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/model-viewer/2.0.1/model-viewer.min.js"></script>
-<script type="module">
-  import { Document, WebIO } from '@gltf-transform/core';
-  import { clearNodeTransform, flatten, prune } from '@gltf-transform/functions';
-  import { loadTexture, readMesh, writeMesh, disposeMesh, setupIO } from './gltf-io.js';
-  import Module from './built/manifold.js';
-
-  const io = setupIO(new WebIO());
-  const doc = new Document();
-
-  const wasm = await Module();
-  wasm.setup();
-
-  const { Manifold, Mesh } = wasm;
-
-  const attributes = ['POSITION', 'TEXCOORD_0'];
-  const materialMap = new Map();
-
-  async function readGLB(url, attributes, materialMap) {
-    const manifolds = [];
-    const docIn = await io.read(url);
-    await docIn.transform(flatten());
-    const nodes = docIn.getRoot().listNodes();
-    const ids = [];
-    for (const node of nodes) {
-      clearNodeTransform(node);
-      const materials = [];
-      const manifoldMesh = readMesh(node.getMesh(), attributes, materials);
-      manifoldMesh.runOriginalID = [];
-      const firstID = Manifold.reserveIDs(materials.length);
-      for (let i = 0; i < materials.length; ++i) {
-        manifoldMesh.runOriginalID.push(firstID + i);
-        ids.push(firstID + i);
-      }
-      manifolds.push(Manifold(new Mesh(manifoldMesh)));
-    }
-    // pull in materials, TODO: replace with transfer() when available
-    const startIdx = doc.getRoot().listMaterials().length;
-    doc.merge(docIn);
-    doc.getRoot().listScenes().forEach((s) => s.dispose());
-    doc.getRoot().listBuffers().forEach((s) => s.dispose());
-    for (const [i, id] of ids.entries()) {
-      const material = doc.getRoot().listMaterials()[startIdx + i];
-      materialMap.set(id, material);
-    }
-
-    return Manifold.union(manifolds);
-  }
-
-  const space = await readGLB('/models/space.glb', attributes, materialMap);
-  const moon = await readGLB('/models/moon.glb', attributes, materialMap);
-
-  const node = doc.createNode();
-  doc.createScene().addChild(node);
-
-  function csg(operation) {
-    push2MV(Manifold[operation](space, moon));
-  };
-
-  document.querySelector('select').onchange = function (event) {
-    csg(event.target.value);
-  };
-
-  csg('difference');
-
-  const mv = document.querySelector('model-viewer');
-  let objectURL = null;
-
-  const downloadButton = document.querySelector('#download');
-  downloadButton.onclick = function () {
-    const link = document.createElement('a');
-    link.download = 'manifold.glb';
-    link.href = objectURL;
-    link.click();
-  };
-
-  async function push2MV(manifold) {
-    // From Z-up to Y-up (glTF)
-    const manifoldMesh = manifold.rotate([-90, 0, 0]).getMesh();
-
-    disposeMesh(node.getMesh());
-    const materials = [];
-    const matAttributes = [];
-    for (const id of manifoldMesh.runOriginalID) {
-      materials.push(materialMap.get(id));
-      matAttributes.push(attributes);
-    }
-    const mesh = writeMesh(doc, manifoldMesh, matAttributes, materials);
-    node.setMesh(mesh);
-    await doc.transform(prune());
-
-    const glb = await io.writeBinary(doc);
-
-    const blob = new Blob([glb], { type: 'application/octet-stream' });
-    URL.revokeObjectURL(objectURL);
-    objectURL = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
-    mv.src = objectURL;
-  }
-</script>
+<script type="module" src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/model-viewer/3.5.0/model-viewer.min.js"></script>
+<script type="module" src="model-viewer-script.ts"></script>
 
 </html>

bindings/wasm/examples/package.json

@@ -7,26 +7,27 @@
     "dev": "vite",
     "build": "tsc --noEmit && vite build",
     "build:watch": "vite build --watch",
-    "preview": "vite preview",
-    "test": "vitest",
-    "test:ui": "vitest --ui",
-    "test:run": "vitest run"
+    "prebuild": "cd .. && npm run build",
+    "preinstall": "cd .. && npm ci",
+    "preview": "vite preview"
   },
   "dependencies": {
-    "@gltf-transform/core": "^3.2.1",
-    "@gltf-transform/extensions": "^3.2.1",
-    "@gltf-transform/functions": "^3.2.1",
-    "@jscadui/3mf-export": "^0.4.2",
-    "fflate": "^0.8.0",
-    "gl-matrix": "^3.4.3",
+    "@esbuild-plugins/node-modules-polyfill": "^0.2.2",
+    "@gltf-transform/core": "^4.2.0",
+    "@gltf-transform/extensions": "^4.2.0",
+    "@gltf-transform/functions": "^4.2.0",
+    "@jscadui/3mf-export": "^0.5.0",
+    "@types/three": "^0.179.0",
+    "esbuild-wasm": "^0.25.11",
+    "monaco-editor": "^0.54.0",
+    "monaco-editor-auto-typings": "^0.4.6",
     "simple-dropzone": "0.8.3",
-    "three": "0.151.2"
+    "three": "0.179.1"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "@vitest/ui": "^0.31.1",
-    "@vitest/web-worker": "^0.31.1",
-    "typescript": "5.0.4",
-    "vite": "^4.3.2",
-    "vitest": "^0.31.1"
+    "@types/node": "^24.2.1",
+    "typescript": "^5.9.2",
+    "vite": "^6.3.5",
+    "vite-plugin-static-copy": "^3.1.3"
   }
-}
+}

bindings/wasm/examples/public/examples.js

@@ -1,531 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2022 The Manifold Authors.
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-export const examples = {
-  functions: {
-    Intro: function() {
-      // Write code in JavaScript or TypeScript and this editor will show the
-      // API docs. Type e.g. "box." to see the Manifold API. Type
-      // "CrossSection." or "Manifold." to list the 2D and 3D constructors,
-      // respectively. Type "module." to see the static API - these functions
-      // can also be used bare. Use console.log() to print output (lower-right).
-      // This editor defines Z as up and units of mm.
-      const {cube, sphere} = Manifold;
-      const box = cube([100, 100, 100], true);
-      const ball = sphere(60, 100);
-      // You must name your final output "result", or create at least one
-      // GLTFNode - see Menger Sponge and Gyroid Module examples.
-      const result = box.subtract(ball);
-
-      // For visual debug, wrap any shape with show() and it and all of its
-      // copies will be shown in transparent red, akin to # in OpenSCAD. Or try
-      // only() to ghost out everything else, akin to * in OpenSCAD.
-
-      // All changes are automatically saved and restored between sessions.
-      // This PWA is purely local - there is no server communication.
-      // This means it will work equally well offline once loaded.
-      // Consider installing it (icon in the search bar) for easy access.
-
-      // See the script drop-down above ("Intro") for usage examples. The
-      // gl-matrix package from npm is automatically imported for convenience -
-      // its API is available in the top-level glMatrix object.
-
-      // Use GLTFNode for disjoint manifolds rather than compose(), as this will
-      // keep them better organized in the GLB. This will also allow you to
-      // specify material properties, and even vertex colors via
-      // setProperties(). See Tetrahedron Puzzle example.
-      return result;
-    },
-
-    TetrahedronPuzzle: function() {
-      // A tetrahedron cut into two identical halves that can screw together as
-      // a puzzle. This only outputs one of the halves. This demonstrates how
-      // redundant points along a polygon can be used to make twisted extrusions
-      // smoother. Based on the screw puzzle by George Hart:
-      // https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:186372
-
-      const edgeLength = 50;  // Length of each edge of the overall tetrahedron.
-      const gap = 0.2;  // Spacing between the two halves to allow sliding.
-      const nDivisions = 50;  // Divisions (both ways) in the screw surface.
-
-      const scale = edgeLength / (2 * Math.sqrt(2));
-
-      const tet = Manifold.tetrahedron().scale(scale);
-
-      const box = [];
-      box.push([1, -1], [1, 1]);
-      for (let i = 0; i <= nDivisions; ++i) {
-        box.push([gap / (4 * scale), 1 - i * 2 / nDivisions]);
-      }
-
-      const cyan = [0, 1, 1];
-      const magenta = [1, 0, 1];
-      const fade = (color, pos) => {
-        for (let i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
-          color[i] = cyan[i] * pos[2] + magenta[i] * (1 - pos[2]);
-        }
-      };
-
-      // setProperties(3, fade) creates three channels of vertex properties
-      // according to the above fade function. setMaterial assigns these
-      // channels as colors, and sets the factor to white, since our default is
-      // yellow.
-      const screw = setMaterial(
-          Manifold.extrude(box, 1, nDivisions, 270).setProperties(3, fade),
-          {baseColorFactor: [1, 1, 1], attributes: ['COLOR_0']});
-
-      const result = tet.intersect(
-          screw.rotate([0, 0, -45]).translate([0, 0, -0.5]).scale(2 * scale));
-
-      // Assigned materials are only applied to a GLTFNode. Note that material
-      // definitions cascade, applying recursively to all child surfaces, but
-      // overridden by any materials defined lower down. Our default material:
-      // {
-      //   roughness = 0.2,
-      //   metallic = 1,
-      //   baseColorFactor = [1, 1, 0],
-      //   alpha = 1,
-      //   unlit = false,
-      //   name = ''
-      // }
-      const node = new GLTFNode();
-      node.manifold = result;
-      return result;
-    },
-
-    RoundedFrame: function() {
-      // Demonstrates how at 90-degree intersections, the sphere and cylinder
-      // facets match up perfectly, for any choice of global resolution
-      // parameters.
-      const {sphere, cylinder, union} = Manifold;
-
-      function roundedFrame(edgeLength, radius, circularSegments = 0) {
-        const edge = cylinder(edgeLength, radius, -1, circularSegments);
-        const corner = sphere(radius, circularSegments);
-
-        const edge1 = union(corner, edge).rotate([-90, 0, 0]).translate([
-          -edgeLength / 2, -edgeLength / 2, 0
-        ]);
-
-        const edge2 = union(
-            union(edge1, edge1.rotate([0, 0, 180])),
-            edge.translate([-edgeLength / 2, -edgeLength / 2, 0]));
-
-        const edge4 = union(edge2, edge2.rotate([0, 0, 90])).translate([
-          0, 0, -edgeLength / 2
-        ]);
-
-        return union(edge4, edge4.rotate([180, 0, 0]));
-      }
-
-      setMinCircularAngle(3);
-      setMinCircularEdgeLength(0.5);
-      const result = roundedFrame(100, 10);
-      return result;
-    },
-
-    Heart: function() {
-      // Smooth, complex manifolds can be created using the warp() function.
-      // This example recreates the Exploitable Heart by Emmett Lalish:
-      // https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:6190
-
-      const func = (v) => {
-        const x2 = v[0] * v[0];
-        const y2 = v[1] * v[1];
-        const z = v[2];
-        const z2 = z * z;
-        const a = x2 + 9 / 4 * y2 + z2;
-        const b = z * z2 * (x2 + 9 / 80 * y2);
-        const a2 = a * a;
-        const a3 = a * a2;
-
-        const step = (r) => {
-          const r2 = r * r;
-          const r4 = r2 * r2;
-          // Taubin's function: https://mathworld.wolfram.com/HeartSurface.html
-          const f = a3 * r4 * r2 - b * r4 * r - 3 * a2 * r4 + 3 * a * r2 - 1;
-          // Derivative
-          const df =
-              6 * a3 * r4 * r - 5 * b * r4 - 12 * a2 * r2 * r + 6 * a * r;
-          return f / df;
-        };
-        // Newton's method for root finding
-        let r = 1.5;
-        let dr = 1;
-        while (Math.abs(dr) > 0.0001) {
-          dr = step(r);
-          r -= dr;
-        }
-        // Update radius
-        v[0] *= r;
-        v[1] *= r;
-        v[2] *= r;
-      };
-
-      const ball = Manifold.sphere(1, 200);
-      const heart = ball.warp(func);
-      const box = heart.boundingBox();
-      const result = heart.scale(100 / (box.max[0] - box.min[0]));
-      return result;
-    },
-
-    Scallop: function() {
-      // A smoothed manifold demonstrating selective edge sharpening with
-      // smooth() and refine(), see more details at:
-      // https://elalish.blogspot.com/2022/03/smoothing-triangle-meshes.html
-
-      const height = 10;
-      const radius = 30;
-      const offset = 20;
-      const wiggles = 12;
-      const sharpness = 0.8;
-      const n = 50;
-
-      const positions = [];
-      const triangles = [];
-      positions.push(-offset, 0, height, -offset, 0, -height);
-      const sharpenedEdges = [];
-
-      const delta = 3.14159 / wiggles;
-      for (let i = 0; i < 2 * wiggles; ++i) {
-        const theta = (i - wiggles) * delta;
-        const amp = 0.5 * height * Math.max(Math.cos(0.8 * theta), 0);
-
-        positions.push(
-            radius * Math.cos(theta), radius * Math.sin(theta),
-            amp * (i % 2 == 0 ? 1 : -1));
-        let j = i + 1;
-        if (j == 2 * wiggles) j = 0;
-
-        const smoothness = 1 - sharpness * Math.cos((theta + delta / 2) / 2);
-        let halfedge = triangles.length + 1;
-        sharpenedEdges.push({halfedge, smoothness});
-        triangles.push(0, 2 + i, 2 + j);
-
-        halfedge = triangles.length + 1;
-        sharpenedEdges.push({halfedge, smoothness});
-        triangles.push(1, 2 + j, 2 + i);
-      }
-
-      const triVerts = Uint32Array.from(triangles);
-      const vertProperties = Float32Array.from(positions);
-      const scallop = new Mesh({numProp: 3, triVerts, vertProperties});
-
-      const colorCurvature = (color, pos, oldProp) => {
-        const a = Math.max(0, Math.min(1, oldProp[0] / 3 + 0.5));
-        const b = a * a * (3 - 2 * a);
-        const red = [1, 0, 0];
-        const blue = [0, 0, 1];
-        for (let i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
-          color[i] = (1 - b) * blue[i] + b * red[i];
-        }
-      };
-      const result = Manifold.smooth(scallop, sharpenedEdges)
-                         .refine(n)
-                         .calculateCurvature(-1, 0)
-                         .setProperties(3, colorCurvature);
-
-      const node = new GLTFNode();
-      node.manifold = result;
-      node.material = {
-        baseColorFactor: [1, 1, 1],
-        metallic: 0,
-        attributes: ['COLOR_0']
-      };
-      return result;
-    },
-
-    TorusKnot: function() {
-      // Creates a classic torus knot, defined as a string wrapping periodically
-      // around the surface of an imaginary donut. If p and q have a common
-      // factor then you will get multiple separate, interwoven knots. This is
-      // an example of using the warp() method, thus avoiding any direct
-      // handling of triangles.
-
-      // @param p The number of times the thread passes through the donut hole.
-      // @param q The number of times the thread circles the donut.
-      // @param majorRadius Radius of the interior of the imaginary donut.
-      // @param minorRadius Radius of the small cross-section of the imaginary
-      //   donut.
-      // @param threadRadius Radius of the small cross-section of the actual
-      //   object.
-      // @param circularSegments Number of linear segments making up the
-      //   threadRadius circle. Default is getCircularSegments(threadRadius).
-      // @param linearSegments Number of segments along the length of the knot.
-      //   Default makes roughly square facets.
-
-      function torusKnot(
-          p, q, majorRadius, minorRadius, threadRadius, circularSegments = 0,
-          linearSegments = 0) {
-        const {vec3} = glMatrix;
-
-        function gcd(a, b) {
-          return b == 0 ? a : gcd(b, a % b);
-        }
-
-        const kLoops = gcd(p, q);
-        p /= kLoops;
-        q /= kLoops;
-        const n = circularSegments > 2 ? circularSegments :
-                                         getCircularSegments(threadRadius);
-        const m = linearSegments > 2 ? linearSegments :
-                                       n * q * majorRadius / threadRadius;
-
-        const offset = 2
-        const circle = CrossSection.circle(1, n).translate([offset, 0]);
-
-        const func = (v) => {
-          const psi = q * Math.atan2(v[0], v[1]);
-          const theta = psi * p / q;
-          const x1 = Math.sqrt(v[0] * v[0] + v[1] * v[1]);
-          const phi = Math.atan2(x1 - offset, v[2]);
-          vec3.set(
-              v, threadRadius * Math.cos(phi), 0, threadRadius * Math.sin(phi));
-          const center = vec3.fromValues(0, 0, 0);
-          const r = majorRadius + minorRadius * Math.cos(theta);
-          vec3.rotateX(v, v, center, -Math.atan2(p * minorRadius, q * r));
-          v[0] += minorRadius;
-          vec3.rotateY(v, v, center, theta);
-          v[0] += majorRadius;
-          vec3.rotateZ(v, v, center, psi);
-        };
-
-        let knot = Manifold.revolve(circle, m).warp(func);
-
-        if (kLoops > 1) {
-          const knots = [];
-          for (let k = 0; k < kLoops; ++k) {
-            knots.push(knot.rotate([0, 0, 360 * (k / kLoops) * (q / p)]));
-          }
-          knot = Manifold.compose(knots);
-        }
-
-        return knot;
-      }
-
-      // This recreates Matlab Knot by Emmett Lalish:
-      // https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:7080
-
-      const result = torusKnot(1, 3, 25, 10, 3.75);
-      return result;
-    },
-
-    MengerSponge: function() {
-      // This example demonstrates how symbolic perturbation correctly creates
-      // holes even though the subtracted objects are exactly coplanar.
-      const {vec2} = glMatrix;
-
-      function fractal(holes, hole, w, position, depth, maxDepth) {
-        w /= 3;
-        holes.push(
-            hole.scale([w, w, 1.0]).translate([position[0], position[1], 0.0]));
-        if (depth == maxDepth) return;
-        const offsets = [
-          vec2.fromValues(-w, -w), vec2.fromValues(-w, 0.0),
-          vec2.fromValues(-w, w), vec2.fromValues(0.0, w),
-          vec2.fromValues(w, w), vec2.fromValues(w, 0.0),
-          vec2.fromValues(w, -w), vec2.fromValues(0.0, -w)
-        ];
-        for (let offset of offsets)
-          fractal(
-              holes, hole, w, vec2.add(offset, position, offset), depth + 1,
-              maxDepth);
-      }
-
-      function mengerSponge(n) {
-        let result = Manifold.cube([1, 1, 1], true);
-        const holes = [];
-        fractal(holes, result, 1.0, [0.0, 0.0], 1, n);
-
-        const hole = Manifold.compose(holes);
-
-        result = Manifold.difference(
-            result,
-            hole,
-            hole.rotate([90, 0, 0]),
-            hole.rotate([0, 90, 0]),
-        );
-        return result;
-      }
-
-      const posColors = (newProp, pos) => {
-        for (let i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
-          newProp[i] = (1 - pos[i]) / 2;
-        }
-      };
-
-      const result = mengerSponge(3)
-                         .trimByPlane([1, 1, 1], 0)
-                         .setProperties(3, posColors)
-                         .scale(100);
-
-      const node = new GLTFNode();
-      node.manifold = result;
-      node.material = {baseColorFactor: [1, 1, 1], attributes: ['COLOR_0']};
-      return result;
-    },
-
-    StretchyBracelet: function() {
-      // Recreates Stretchy Bracelet by Emmett Lalish:
-      // https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:13505
-      const {vec2} = glMatrix;
-
-      function base(
-          width, radius, decorRadius, twistRadius, nDecor, innerRadius,
-          outerRadius, cut, nCut, nDivision) {
-        let b = Manifold.cylinder(width, radius + twistRadius / 2);
-        const circle = [];
-        const dPhiDeg = 180 / nDivision;
-        for (let i = 0; i < 2 * nDivision; ++i) {
-          circle.push([
-            decorRadius * Math.cos(dPhiDeg * i * Math.PI / 180) + twistRadius,
-            decorRadius * Math.sin(dPhiDeg * i * Math.PI / 180)
-          ]);
-        }
-        let decor = Manifold.extrude(circle, width, nDivision, 180)
-                        .scale([1, 0.5, 1])
-                        .translate([0, radius, 0]);
-        for (let i = 0; i < nDecor; i++)
-          b = b.add(decor.rotate([0, 0, (360.0 / nDecor) * i]));
-        const stretch = [];
-        const dPhiRad = 2 * Math.PI / nCut;
-
-        const o = vec2.fromValues(0, 0);
-        const p0 = vec2.fromValues(outerRadius, 0);
-        const p1 = vec2.fromValues(innerRadius, -cut);
-        const p2 = vec2.fromValues(innerRadius, cut);
-        for (let i = 0; i < nCut; ++i) {
-          stretch.push(vec2.rotate([0, 0], p0, o, dPhiRad * i));
-          stretch.push(vec2.rotate([0, 0], p1, o, dPhiRad * i));
-          stretch.push(vec2.rotate([0, 0], p2, o, dPhiRad * i));
-          stretch.push(vec2.rotate([0, 0], p0, o, dPhiRad * i));
-        }
-        const result =
-            Manifold.intersection(Manifold.extrude(stretch, width), b);
-        return result;
-      }
-
-      function stretchyBracelet(
-          radius = 30, height = 8, width = 15, thickness = 0.4, nDecor = 20,
-          nCut = 27, nDivision = 30) {
-        const twistRadius = Math.PI * radius / nDecor;
-        const decorRadius = twistRadius * 1.5;
-        const outerRadius = radius + (decorRadius + twistRadius) * 0.5;
-        const innerRadius = outerRadius - height;
-        const cut = 0.5 * (Math.PI * 2 * innerRadius / nCut - thickness);
-        const adjThickness = 0.5 * thickness * height / cut;
-
-        return Manifold.difference(
-            base(
-                width, radius, decorRadius, twistRadius, nDecor,
-                innerRadius + thickness, outerRadius + adjThickness,
-                cut - adjThickness, nCut, nDivision),
-            base(
-                width, radius - thickness, decorRadius, twistRadius, nDecor,
-                innerRadius, outerRadius + 3 * adjThickness, cut, nCut,
-                nDivision));
-      }
-
-      const result = stretchyBracelet();
-      return result;
-    },
-
-    GyroidModule: function() {
-      // Recreates Modular Gyroid Puzzle by Emmett Lalish:
-      // https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:25477. This sample demonstrates the
-      // use of a Signed Distance Function (SDF) to create smooth, complex
-      // manifolds.
-      const {vec3} = glMatrix;
-
-      // number of modules along pyramid edge (use 1 for print orientation)
-      const m = 4;
-      // module size
-      const size = 20;
-      // SDF resolution
-      const n = 20;
-
-      const pi = 3.14159;
-
-      function gyroid(p) {
-        const x = p[0] - pi / 4;
-        const y = p[1] - pi / 4;
-        const z = p[2] - pi / 4;
-        return Math.cos(x) * Math.sin(y) + Math.cos(y) * Math.sin(z) +
-            Math.cos(z) * Math.sin(x);
-      }
-
-      function gyroidOffset(level) {
-        const period = 2 * pi;
-        const box = {
-          min: vec3.fromValues(-period, -period, -period),
-          max: vec3.fromValues(period, period, period)
-        };
-        return Manifold.levelSet(gyroid, box, period / n, level)
-            .scale(size / period);
-      };
-
-      function rhombicDodecahedron() {
-        const box = Manifold.cube([1, 1, 2], true).scale(size * Math.sqrt(2));
-        const result =
-            box.rotate([90, 45, 0]).intersect(box.rotate([90, 45, 90]));
-        return result.intersect(box.rotate([0, 0, 45]));
-      }
-
-      const gyroidModule = rhombicDodecahedron()
-                               .intersect(gyroidOffset(-0.4))
-                               .subtract(gyroidOffset(0.4));
-
-      if (m > 1) {
-        for (let i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
-          for (let j = i; j < m; ++j) {
-            for (let k = j; k < m; ++k) {
-              const node = new GLTFNode();
-              node.manifold = gyroidModule;
-              node.translation =
-                  [(k + i - j) * size, (k - i) * size, (-j) * size];
-              node.material = {
-                baseColorFactor:
-                    [(k + i - j + 1) / m, (k - i + 1) / m, (j + 1) / m]
-              };
-            }
-          }
-        }
-      }
-
-      const result = gyroidModule.rotate([-45, 0, 90]).translate([
-        0, 0, size / Math.sqrt(2)
-      ]);
-      return result;
-    }
-  },
-
-  functionBodies: new Map()
-};
-
-for (const [func, code] of Object.entries(examples.functions)) {
-  const whole = code.toString();
-  const lines = whole.split('\n');
-  lines.splice(0, 1);   // remove first line
-  lines.splice(-2, 2);  // remove last two lines
-  // remove first six leading spaces
-  const body = '\n' + lines.map(l => l.slice(6)).join('\n');
-
-  const name =
-      func.replace(/([a-z])([A-Z])/g, '$1 $2');  // Add spaces between words
-  examples.functionBodies.set(name, body);
-};
-
-if (typeof self !== 'undefined') {
-  self.examples = examples;
-}

bindings/wasm/examples/simple-dropzone.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+declare module 'simple-dropzone';

bindings/wasm/examples/three.html

@@ -35,83 +35,21 @@
 </head>
 
 <body>
-  <p>This demonstrates the minimum code to connect Manifold to a three.js rendering. A slightly more complex example
-    involving GLTF export and &lt;model-viewer&gt; can be found <a href="model-viewer.html">here</a>. </p>
+  <p>This example demonstrates interop between Manifold and Three.js with minimal code - please open dev tools to
+    inspect the source. Here we generate two multi-material Three.js meshes and convert them to Manifolds while building
+    a mapping from material to Manifold ID. Then Boolean operations are performed on the Manifolds and the result is
+    converted back to a Three.js mesh using the material mapping. The input cube has half red faces and half
+    normal-shaded, while the icosahedron has half blue faces and half normal-shaded. The resulting mesh has three
+    materials, since one (normal-shaded) was common between the input models.</p>
+  <p>A slightly more complex example involving our library for GLTF import/export and &lt;model-viewer&gt; can be found
+    <a href="model-viewer.html">here</a>. </p>
   <select>
-    <option value="difference" selected>Difference</option>
+    <option value="union" selected>Union</option>
+    <option value="difference">Difference</option>
     <option value="intersection">Intersection</option>
-    <option value="union">Union</option>
   </select><br />
   <canvas id="output"></canvas>
 </body>
-<script type="module">
-  import * as THREE from 'three';
-  import { mergeVertices } from 'three/examples/jsm/utils/BufferGeometryUtils.js';
-  import Module from './built/manifold.js';
-
-  const wasm = await Module();
-  wasm.setup();
-
-  const { Manifold, Mesh } = wasm;
-
-  // we have manifold module, let's do some three.js
-  const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(30, 1, 0.01, 10);
-  camera.position.z = 1;
-
-  const scene = new THREE.Scene();
-  const mesh = new THREE.Mesh(undefined, new THREE.MeshNormalMaterial({
-    flatShading: true
-  }));
-  scene.add(mesh);
-
-  const icosahedron = simplify(new THREE.IcosahedronGeometry(0.16));
-
-  const manifold_1 = Manifold.cube([0.2, 0.2, 0.2], true);
-  const manifold_2 = new Manifold(geometry2mesh(icosahedron));
-
-  const csg = function (operation) {
-    mesh.geometry?.dispose();
-    mesh.geometry = mesh2geometry(Manifold[operation](manifold_1, manifold_2).getMesh());
-  };
-
-  document.querySelector('select').onchange = function (event) {
-    csg(event.target.value);
-  };
-
-  csg('difference');
-
-  const output = document.querySelector("#output");
-  const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({ canvas: output, antialias: true });
-  const dim = output.getBoundingClientRect();
-  renderer.setSize(dim.width, dim.height);
-  renderer.setAnimationLoop(function (time) {
-    mesh.rotation.x = time / 2000;
-    mesh.rotation.y = time / 1000;
-    renderer.render(scene, camera);
-  });
-
-  // functions to convert between three.js and wasm
-  function geometry2mesh(geometry) {
-    const vertProperties = geometry.attributes.position.array;
-    const triVerts = geometry.index.array;
-    return new Mesh({ numProp: 3, vertProperties, triVerts });
-  }
-
-  function mesh2geometry(mesh) {
-    const geometry = new THREE.BufferGeometry();
-    geometry.setAttribute('position', new THREE.BufferAttribute(mesh.vertProperties, 3));
-    geometry.setIndex(new THREE.BufferAttribute(mesh.triVerts, 1));
-    return geometry;
-  }
-
-  // most of three.js geometries aren't manifolds, so...
-  function simplify(geometry) {
-    delete geometry.attributes.normal;
-    delete geometry.attributes.uv;
-    const simplified = mergeVertices(geometry);
-    simplified.computeVertexNormals();
-    return simplified;
-  }
-</script>
+<script type="module" src="three.ts"></script>
 
 </html>

bindings/wasm/examples/three.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Manifold Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+import {BoxGeometry, BufferAttribute, BufferGeometry, IcosahedronGeometry, Mesh as ThreeMesh, MeshLambertMaterial, MeshNormalMaterial, PerspectiveCamera, PointLight, Scene, WebGLRenderer} from 'three';
+
+import Module, {Mesh} from './built/manifold';
+
+// Load Manifold WASM library
+const wasm = await Module();
+wasm.setup();
+const {Manifold, Mesh} = wasm;
+
+// Define our set of materials
+const materials = [
+  new MeshNormalMaterial({flatShading: true}),
+  new MeshLambertMaterial({color: 'red', flatShading: true}),
+  new MeshLambertMaterial({color: 'blue', flatShading: true})
+];
+const result = new ThreeMesh(undefined, materials);
+
+// Set up Manifold IDs corresponding to materials
+const firstID = Manifold.reserveIDs(materials.length);
+// ids vector is parallel to materials vector - same indexing
+const ids = [...Array<number>(materials.length)].map((_, idx) => firstID + idx);
+// Build a mapping to get back from ID to material index
+const id2matIndex = new Map();
+ids.forEach((id, idx) => id2matIndex.set(id, idx));
+
+// Set up Three.js scene
+const scene = new Scene();
+const camera = new PerspectiveCamera(30, 1, 0.01, 10);
+camera.position.z = 1;
+camera.add(new PointLight(0xffffff, 1));
+scene.add(camera);
+scene.add(result);
+
+// Set up Three.js renderer
+const output = document.querySelector('#output')!;
+const renderer = new WebGLRenderer({canvas: output, antialias: true});
+const dim = output.getBoundingClientRect();
+renderer.setSize(dim.width, dim.height);
+renderer.setAnimationLoop(function(time: number) {
+  result.rotation.x = time / 2000;
+  result.rotation.y = time / 1000;
+  renderer.render(scene, camera);
+});
+
+// Create input meshes in Three.js
+const cube = new BoxGeometry(0.2, 0.2, 0.2);
+cube.clearGroups();
+cube.addGroup(0, 18, 0);         // First 6 faces colored by normal
+cube.addGroup(18, Infinity, 1);  // Rest of faces are red
+
+const icosahedron = new IcosahedronGeometry(0.16);
+icosahedron.clearGroups();
+icosahedron.addGroup(30, Infinity, 2);  // Last faces are blue
+icosahedron.addGroup(0, 30, 0);         // First 10 faces colored by normal
+// The above groups are in reversed order to demonstrate the need for sorting.
+
+// Convert Three.js input meshes to Manifolds
+const manifoldCube = new Manifold(geometry2mesh(cube));
+const manifoldIcosahedron = new Manifold(geometry2mesh(icosahedron));
+
+// Set up UI for operations
+type BooleanOp = 'union'|'difference'|'intersection';
+
+function csg(operation: BooleanOp) {
+  result.geometry?.dispose();
+  result.geometry = mesh2geometry(
+      Manifold[operation](manifoldCube, manifoldIcosahedron).getMesh());
+}
+
+csg('union');
+const selectElement = document.querySelector('select')!;
+selectElement.onchange = function() {
+  csg(selectElement.value as BooleanOp);
+};
+
+// Convert Three.js BufferGeometry to Manifold Mesh
+function geometry2mesh(geometry: BufferGeometry) {
+  // Only using position in this sample for simplicity. Can interleave any other
+  // desired attributes here such as UV, normal, etc.
+  const vertProperties = geometry.attributes.position.array as Float32Array;
+  // Manifold only uses indexed geometry, so generate an index if necessary.
+  const triVerts = geometry.index != null ?
+      geometry.index.array as Uint32Array :
+      new Uint32Array(vertProperties.length / 3).map((_, idx) => idx);
+  // Create a triangle run for each group (material) - akin to a draw call.
+  const starts = [...Array(geometry.groups.length)].map(
+      (_, idx) => geometry.groups[idx].start);
+  // Map the materials to ID.
+  const originalIDs = [...Array(geometry.groups.length)].map(
+      (_, idx) => ids[geometry.groups[idx].materialIndex!]);
+  // List the runs in sequence.
+  const indices = Array.from(starts.keys())
+  indices.sort((a, b) => starts[a] - starts[b])
+  const runIndex = new Uint32Array(indices.map(i => starts[i]));
+  const runOriginalID = new Uint32Array(indices.map(i => originalIDs[i]));
+  // Create the MeshGL for I/O with Manifold library.
+  const mesh =
+      new Mesh({numProp: 3, vertProperties, triVerts, runIndex, runOriginalID});
+  // Automatically merge vertices with nearly identical positions to create a
+  // Manifold. This only fills in the mergeFromVert and mergeToVert vectors -
+  // these are automatically filled in for any mesh returned by Manifold. These
+  // are necessary because GL drivers require duplicate verts when any
+  // properties change, e.g. a UV boundary or sharp corner.
+  mesh.merge();
+  return mesh;
+}
+
+// Convert Manifold Mesh to Three.js BufferGeometry
+function mesh2geometry(mesh: Mesh) {
+  const geometry = new BufferGeometry();
+  // Assign buffers
+  geometry.setAttribute(
+      'position', new BufferAttribute(mesh.vertProperties, 3));
+  geometry.setIndex(new BufferAttribute(mesh.triVerts, 1));
+  // Create a group (material) for each ID. Note that there may be multiple
+  // triangle runs returned with the same ID, though these will always be
+  // sequential since they are sorted by ID. In this example there are two runs
+  // for the MeshNormalMaterial, one corresponding to each input mesh that had
+  // this ID. This allows runTransform to return the total transformation matrix
+  // applied to each triangle run from its input mesh - even after many
+  // consecutive operations.
+  let id = mesh.runOriginalID[0];
+  let start = mesh.runIndex[0];
+  for (let run = 0; run < mesh.numRun; ++run) {
+    const nextID = mesh.runOriginalID[run + 1];
+    if (nextID !== id) {
+      const end = mesh.runIndex[run + 1];
+      geometry.addGroup(start, end - start, id2matIndex.get(id));
+      id = nextID;
+      start = end;
+    }
+  }
+  return geometry;
+}

bindings/wasm/examples/tsconfig.json

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   "compilerOptions": {
     "target": "es2022",
     "module": "es2022",
-    "moduleResolution": "node",
+    "moduleResolution": "Bundler",
     "lib": [
       "es2022",
       "dom"
@@ -16,9 +16,14 @@
     "noFallthroughCasesInSwitch": true,
     "declaration": true,
     "skipLibCheck": true,
+    "allowImportingTsExtensions": true,
+    "rewriteRelativeImportExtensions": true,
   },
   "include": [
-    "./*.ts"
+    "./*.ts",
+    "../lib/*.ts",
+    "../lib/gltf-transform/*.ts"
   ],
   "exclude": []
-}
+}
+

bindings/wasm/examples/vite-fixup-plugin.js

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// https://gist.github.com/jamsinclair/6ad148d0590291077a4ce389c2b274ea
+import {createFilter} from 'vite';
+
+function isEmscriptenFile(code) {
+  return /var\s+Module\s*=|WebAssembly\.instantiate/.test(code) &&
+      /var\s+workerOptions\s*=/.test(code);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Vite plugin that replaces Emscripten workerOptions with static object literal
+ * to fix error with Vite See project issue:
+ * https://github.com/emscripten-core/emscripten/issues/22394
+ *
+ * Defaults to running for all .js and .ts files. If there are any issues you
+ * can use the include/exclude options.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} options
+ * @property {string[]} [include] - Glob patterns to include
+ * @property {string[]} [exclude] - Glob patterns to exclude
+ * @returns {import('vite').Plugin}
+ */
+export default function emscriptenStaticWorkerOptions(options = {}) {
+  const filter = createFilter(options.include || /\.[jt]s$/, options.exclude);
+
+  return {
+    name: 'emscripten-static-worker-options',
+    enforce: 'pre',
+    transform(code, id) {
+      if (!filter(id)) return null;
+
+      if (!isEmscriptenFile(code)) return null;
+
+      const workerOptionsMatch =
+          code.match(/var\s+workerOptions\s*=\s*({[^}]+})/);
+      if (!workerOptionsMatch) return null;
+
+      const optionsObjectStr = workerOptionsMatch[1];
+      const optionsDeclarationStr = workerOptionsMatch[0];
+
+      const modifiedCode =
+          code.replace(optionsDeclarationStr, '')
+              .replace(
+                  new RegExp('workerOptions(?![\\w$])', 'g'), optionsObjectStr);
+
+      return {code: modifiedCode, map: null};
+    }
+  };
+}

bindings/wasm/examples/vite.config.js

@@ -1,14 +1,60 @@
 // vite.config.js
 import {resolve} from 'path'
 import {defineConfig} from 'vite'
+import {viteStaticCopy} from 'vite-plugin-static-copy'
+
+import emscriptenStaticWorkerOptions from './vite-fixup-plugin.js'
 
 export default defineConfig({
-  test: {testTimeout: 15000},
-  worker: {
-    format: 'es',
+  worker: {format: 'es', plugins: () => ([emscriptenStaticWorkerOptions])},
+  server: {
+    headers: {
+      'Cross-Origin-Embedder-Policy': 'require-corp',
+      'Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy': 'same-origin',
+    },
+    fs: {allow: [resolve(__dirname, '..')]}
+  },
+  plugins: [viteStaticCopy({
+    targets: [
+      {
+        src: '../dist/manifoldCAD.d.ts',
+        dest: './',  // Targets are relative to 'dist'.
+      },
+      {
+        src: '../dist/manifoldCADGlobals.d.ts',
+        dest: './',
+      },
+      // If 'dist/manifold-encapsulated-types.d.ts' and
+      // 'dist/manifold-global-types.d.ts' are missing, the web editor can't
+      // load them, and type validation won't work for our core modules.
+      //
+      // They are generated when building the wasm module.  But we don't
+      // really need to build the whole thing when working up here in JS/TS
+      // territory.  Additionally, they rarely change.  In the case where the
+      // binding files are not present, grab the checked in copies, and use
+      // those instead.  But if they _are_ present, don't overwrite them.
+      {
+        src: '../manifold-encapsulated-types.d.ts',
+        dest: './',
+        overwrite: false,
+      },
+      {
+        src: '../manifold-global-types.d.ts',
+        dest: './',
+        overwrite: false,
+      }
+    ],
+  })],
+  resolve: {
+    alias: {
+      path: resolve(
+          __dirname,
+          './node_modules/rollup-plugin-node-polyfills/polyfills/path.js')
+    }
   },
   build: {
     target: 'esnext',
+    sourcemap: 'hidden',
     rollupOptions: {
       input: {
         manifoldCAD: resolve(__dirname, 'index.html'),
@@ -21,6 +67,6 @@ export default defineConfig({
         chunkFileNames: `assets/[name].js`,
         assetFileNames: `assets/[name].[ext]`
       }
-    },
+    }
   },
 })

bindings/wasm/examples/worker.test.js

@@ -1,152 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2022 The Manifold Authors.
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-import '@vitest/web-worker';
-
-import {WebIO} from '@gltf-transform/core';
-import {expect, suite, test} from 'vitest';
-
-import Module from './built/manifold.js';
-import {readMesh, setupIO} from './gltf-io.js';
-import {examples} from './public/examples.js';
-import ManifoldWorker from './worker?worker';
-
-const io = setupIO(new WebIO());
-
-const wasm = await Module();
-wasm.setup();
-
-function initialized(worker) {
-  return new Promise((resolve) => {
-    worker.onmessage = function(e) {
-      if (e.data == null) {
-        resolve();
-      } else {
-        reject();
-      }
-    };
-  });
-}
-
-let glbURL = null;
-
-async function runExample(name) {
-  const worker = new ManifoldWorker();
-  await initialized(worker);
-  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
-    worker.onmessageerror = function({data}) {
-      reject(data);
-    };
-
-    worker.onerror = function(e) {
-      reject(e);
-    };
-
-    worker.onmessage = async function(e) {
-      try {
-        URL.revokeObjectURL(glbURL);
-        glbURL = e.data.glbURL;
-        if (glbURL == null) {
-          reject('no glbURL)');
-        }
-        const docIn = await io.read(glbURL);
-        const nodes = docIn.getRoot().listNodes();
-        for (const node of nodes) {
-          const mesh = node.getMesh();
-          if (!mesh) {
-            continue;
-          }
-          const attributes = [];
-          const materials = [];
-          const manifoldMesh = readMesh(mesh, attributes, materials);
-          const manifold = wasm.Manifold(manifoldMesh);
-          const prop = manifold.getProperties();
-          const genus = manifold.genus();
-          console.log(genus);
-          manifold.delete();
-          resolve({...prop, genus});
-        }
-      } catch (e) {
-        reject(e);
-      }
-    };
-
-    worker.postMessage(examples.functionBodies.get(name));
-  });
-}
-
-suite('Examples', () => {
-  test('Intro', async () => {
-    const result = await runExample('Intro');
-    expect(result.genus).to.equal(5, 'Genus');
-    expect(result.volume).to.be.closeTo(203164, 1, 'Volume');
-    expect(result.surfaceArea).to.be.closeTo(62046, 1, 'Surface Area');
-  });
-
-  test('Tetrahedron Puzzle', async () => {
-    const result = await runExample('Tetrahedron Puzzle');
-    expect(result.genus).to.equal(0, 'Genus');
-    expect(result.volume).to.be.closeTo(7297, 1, 'Volume');
-    expect(result.surfaceArea).to.be.closeTo(3303, 1, 'Surface Area');
-  });
-
-  test('Rounded Frame', async () => {
-    const result = await runExample('Rounded Frame');
-    expect(result.genus).to.equal(5, 'Genus');
-    expect(result.volume).to.be.closeTo(353706, 10, 'Volume');
-    expect(result.surfaceArea).to.be.closeTo(68454, 1, 'Surface Area');
-  });
-
-  test('Heart', async () => {
-    const result = await runExample('Heart');
-    expect(result.genus).to.equal(0, 'Genus');
-    expect(result.volume).to.be.closeTo(282743, 10, 'Volume');
-    expect(result.surfaceArea).to.be.closeTo(22187, 1, 'Surface Area');
-  });
-
-  test('Scallop', async () => {
-    const result = await runExample('Scallop');
-    expect(result.genus).to.equal(0, 'Genus');
-    expect(result.volume).to.be.closeTo(41284, 1, 'Volume');
-    expect(result.surfaceArea).to.be.closeTo(7810, 1, 'Surface Area');
-  });
-
-  test('Torus Knot', async () => {
-    const result = await runExample('Torus Knot');
-    expect(result.genus).to.equal(1, 'Genus');
-    expect(result.volume).to.be.closeTo(20786, 1, 'Volume');
-    expect(result.surfaceArea).to.be.closeTo(11177, 1, 'Surface Area');
-  });
-
-  test('Menger Sponge', async () => {
-    const result = await runExample('Menger Sponge');
-    expect(result.genus).to.equal(729, 'Genus');
-    expect(result.volume).to.be.closeTo(203222, 10, 'Volume');
-    expect(result.surfaceArea).to.be.closeTo(130475, 10, 'Surface Area');
-  });
-
-  test('Stretchy Bracelet', async () => {
-    const result = await runExample('Stretchy Bracelet');
-    expect(result.genus).to.equal(1, 'Genus');
-    expect(result.volume).to.be.closeTo(3992, 1, 'Volume');
-    expect(result.surfaceArea).to.be.closeTo(22267, 1, 'Surface Area');
-  });
-
-  test('Gyroid Module', async () => {
-    const result = await runExample('Gyroid Module');
-    expect(result.genus).to.equal(15, 'Genus');
-    expect(result.volume).to.be.closeTo(4167, 1, 'Volume');
-    expect(result.surfaceArea).to.be.closeTo(5642, 1, 'Surface Area');
-  });
-});

bindings/wasm/examples/worker.ts

@@ -1,566 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2022 The Manifold Authors.
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-
-import {Document, mat4, Material, Node, WebIO} from '@gltf-transform/core';
-import {KHRMaterialsUnlit, KHRONOS_EXTENSIONS} from '@gltf-transform/extensions';
-import {fileForContentTypes, to3dmodel} from '@jscadui/3mf-export';
-import {strToU8, Zippable, zipSync} from 'fflate'
-import * as glMatrix from 'gl-matrix';
-
-import Module from './built/manifold';
-//@ts-ignore
-import {setupIO, writeMesh} from './gltf-io';
-import type {GLTFMaterial, Quat} from './public/editor';
-import type {CrossSection, Manifold, ManifoldToplevel, Mesh, Vec3} from './public/manifold';
-
-interface WorkerStatic extends ManifoldToplevel {
-  GLTFNode: typeof GLTFNode;
-  show(manifold: Manifold): Manifold;
-  only(manifold: Manifold): Manifold;
-  setMaterial(manifold: Manifold, material: GLTFMaterial): void;
-  cleanup(): void;
-}
-
-const module = await Module() as unknown as WorkerStatic;
-module.setup();
-
-// Faster on modern browsers than Float32Array
-glMatrix.glMatrix.setMatrixArrayType(Array);
-
-const io = setupIO(new WebIO());
-io.registerExtensions(KHRONOS_EXTENSIONS);
-
-// manifold static methods (that return a new manifold)
-const manifoldStaticFunctions = [
-  'cube', 'cylinder', 'sphere', 'tetrahedron', 'extrude', 'revolve', 'compose',
-  'union', 'difference', 'intersection', 'levelSet', 'smooth', 'ofMesh', 'hull'
-];
-// manifold member functions (that return a new manifold)
-const manifoldMemberFunctions = [
-  'add', 'subtract', 'intersect', 'decompose', 'warp', 'transform', 'translate',
-  'rotate', 'scale', 'mirror', 'refine', 'setProperties', 'asOriginal',
-  'trimByPlane', 'split', 'splitByPlane', 'hull'
-];
-// CrossSection static methods (that return a new cross-section)
-const crossSectionStaticFunctions = [
-  'square', 'circle', 'union', 'difference', 'intersection', 'compose',
-  'ofPolygons', 'hull'
-];
-// CrossSection member functions (that return a new cross-section)
-const crossSectionMemberFunctions = [
-  'add', 'subtract', 'intersect', 'rectClip', 'decompose', 'transform',
-  'translate', 'rotate', 'scale', 'mirror', 'simplify', 'offset', 'hull'
-];
-// top level functions that construct a new manifold/mesh
-const toplevelConstructors = ['show', 'only', 'setMaterial'];
-const toplevel = [
-  'setMinCircularAngle', 'setMinCircularEdgeLength', 'setCircularSegments',
-  'getCircularSegments', 'Mesh', 'GLTFNode', 'Manifold', 'CrossSection'
-];
-const exposedFunctions = toplevelConstructors.concat(toplevel);
-
-// Setup memory management, such that users don't have to care about
-// calling `delete` manually.
-// Note that this only fixes memory leak across different runs: the memory
-// will only be freed when the compilation finishes.
-
-const memoryRegistry = new Array<Manifold|CrossSection>();
-
-function addMembers(
-    className: string, methodNames: Array<string>, areStatic: boolean) {
-  //@ts-ignore
-  const cls = module[className];
-  const obj = areStatic ? cls : cls.prototype;
-  for (const name of methodNames) {
-    if (name != 'cylinder') {
-      const originalFn = obj[name];
-      obj[name] = function(...args: any) {
-        //@ts-ignore
-        const result = originalFn(...args);
-        memoryRegistry.push(result);
-        return result;
-      };
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-addMembers('Manifold', manifoldMemberFunctions, false);
-addMembers('Manifold', manifoldStaticFunctions, true);
-addMembers('CrossSection', crossSectionMemberFunctions, false);
-addMembers('CrossSection', crossSectionStaticFunctions, true);
-
-for (const name of toplevelConstructors) {
-  //@ts-ignore
-  const originalFn = module[name];
-  //@ts-ignore
-  module[name] = function(...args: any) {
-    const result = originalFn(...args);
-    memoryRegistry.push(result);
-    return result;
-  };
-}
-
-module.cleanup = function() {
-  for (const obj of memoryRegistry) {
-    // decompose result is an array of manifolds
-    if (obj instanceof Array)
-      for (const elem of obj) elem.delete();
-    else
-      obj.delete();
-  }
-  memoryRegistry.length = 0;
-};
-
-// Debug setup to show source meshes
-let ghost = false;
-const shown = new Map<number, Mesh>();
-const singles = new Map<number, Mesh>();
-
-const SHOW = {
-  baseColorFactor: [1, 0, 0],
-  alpha: 0.25,
-  roughness: 1,
-  metallic: 0
-} as GLTFMaterial;
-
-const GHOST = {
-  baseColorFactor: [0.5, 0.5, 0.5],
-  alpha: 0.25,
-  roughness: 1,
-  metallic: 0
-} as GLTFMaterial;
-
-const nodes = new Array<GLTFNode>();
-const id2material = new Map<number, GLTFMaterial>();
-const materialCache = new Map<GLTFMaterial, Material>();
-let nextGlobalID = 0;
-const object2globalID = new Map<GLTFNode|Manifold, number>();
-
-function cleanup() {
-  ghost = false;
-  shown.clear();
-  singles.clear();
-  nodes.length = 0;
-  id2material.clear();
-  materialCache.clear();
-  object2globalID.clear();
-  nextGlobalID = 0;
-}
-
-interface Mesh3MF {
-  id: string;
-  vertices: Float32Array;
-  indices: Uint32Array;
-  name?: string;
-}
-
-interface Child3MF {
-  objectID: string;
-  transform?: mat4;
-}
-
-interface Component3MF {
-  id: string;
-  children: Array<Child3MF>;
-  name?: string;
-}
-
-interface Header {
-  unit?: 'micron'|'millimeter'|'centimeter'|'inch'|'foot'|'meter';
-  title?: string;
-  author?: string;
-  description?: string;
-  application?: string;
-  creationDate?: string;
-  license?: string;
-  modificationDate?: string;
-}
-
-interface To3MF {
-  meshes: Array<Mesh3MF>;
-  components: Array<Component3MF>;
-  items: Array<Child3MF>;
-  precision: number;
-  header: Header;
-}
-
-class GLTFNode {
-  private _parent?: GLTFNode;
-  manifold?: Manifold;
-  translation?: Vec3;
-  rotation?: Vec3;
-  scale?: Vec3;
-  material?: GLTFMaterial;
-  name?: string;
-
-  constructor(parent?: GLTFNode) {
-    this._parent = parent;
-    nodes.push(this);
-  }
-  clone(parent?: GLTFNode) {
-    const copy = {...this};
-    copy._parent = parent;
-    nodes.push(copy);
-    return copy;
-  }
-  get parent() {
-    return this._parent;
-  }
-}
-
-module.GLTFNode = GLTFNode;
-
-module.setMaterial = (manifold: Manifold, material: GLTFMaterial): Manifold => {
-  const out = manifold.asOriginal();
-  id2material.set(out.originalID(), material);
-  return out;
-};
-
-function debug(manifold: Manifold, map: Map<number, Mesh>) {
-  let result = manifold.asOriginal();
-  map.set(result.originalID(), result.getMesh());
-  return result;
-};
-
-module.show = (manifold) => {
-  return debug(manifold, shown);
-};
-
-module.only = (manifold) => {
-  ghost = true;
-  return debug(manifold, singles);
-};
-
-// Setup complete
-self.postMessage(null);
-
-if (self.console) {
-  const oldLog = self.console.log;
-  self.console.log = function(...args) {
-    let message = '';
-    for (const arg of args) {
-      if (arg == null) {
-        message += 'undefined';
-      } else if (typeof arg == 'object') {
-        message += JSON.stringify(arg, null, 4);
-      } else {
-        message += arg.toString();
-      }
-    }
-    self.postMessage({log: message});
-    oldLog(...args);
-  };
-}
-
-// Swallow informational logs in testing framework
-function log(...args: any[]) {
-  if (self.console) {
-    self.console.log(...args);
-  }
-}
-
-self.onmessage = async (e) => {
-  const content = e.data +
-      '\nreturn exportModels(typeof result === "undefined" ? undefined : result);\n';
-  try {
-    const f = new Function(
-        'exportModels', 'glMatrix', 'module', ...exposedFunctions, content);
-    await f(
-        exportModels, glMatrix, module,  //@ts-ignore
-        ...exposedFunctions.map(name => module[name]));
-  } catch (error: any) {
-    console.log(error.toString());
-    self.postMessage({objectURL: null});
-  } finally {
-    module.cleanup();
-    cleanup();
-  }
-};
-
-function createGLTFnode(doc: Document, node: GLTFNode) {
-  const out = doc.createNode(node.name);
-  if (node.translation) {
-    out.setTranslation(node.translation);
-  }
-  if (node.rotation) {
-    const {quat} = glMatrix;
-    const deg2rad = Math.PI / 180;
-    const q = quat.create() as Quat;
-    quat.rotateX(q, q, deg2rad * node.rotation[0]);
-    quat.rotateY(q, q, deg2rad * node.rotation[1]);
-    quat.rotateZ(q, q, deg2rad * node.rotation[2]);
-    out.setRotation(q);
-  }
-  if (node.scale) {
-    out.setScale(node.scale);
-  }
-  return out;
-}
-
-function getBackupMaterial(node?: GLTFNode): GLTFMaterial {
-  if (node == null) {
-    return {};
-  }
-  if (node.material == null) {
-    node.material = getBackupMaterial(node.parent);
-  }
-  return node.material;
-}
-
-function makeDefaultedMaterial(doc: Document, {
-  roughness = 0.2,
-  metallic = 1,
-  baseColorFactor = [1, 1, 0],
-  alpha = 1,
-  unlit = false,
-  name = ''
-}: GLTFMaterial = {}): Material {
-  const material = doc.createMaterial(name);
-
-  if (unlit) {
-    const unlit = doc.createExtension(KHRMaterialsUnlit).createUnlit();
-    material.setExtension('KHR_materials_unlit', unlit);
-  }
-
-  if (alpha < 1) {
-    material.setAlphaMode(Material.AlphaMode.BLEND).setDoubleSided(true);
-  }
-
-  return material.setRoughnessFactor(roughness)
-      .setMetallicFactor(metallic)
-      .setBaseColorFactor([...baseColorFactor, alpha]);
-}
-
-function getCachedMaterial(doc: Document, matDef: GLTFMaterial): Material {
-  if (!materialCache.has(matDef)) {
-    materialCache.set(matDef, makeDefaultedMaterial(doc, matDef));
-  }
-  return materialCache.get(matDef)!;
-}
-
-function addMesh(
-    doc: Document, to3mf: To3MF, node: Node, manifold: Manifold,
-    backupMaterial: GLTFMaterial = {}) {
-  const numTri = manifold.numTri();
-  if (numTri == 0) {
-    log('Empty manifold, skipping.');
-    return;
-  }
-
-  log(`Triangles: ${numTri.toLocaleString()}`);
-  const box = manifold.boundingBox();
-  const size = [0, 0, 0];
-  for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
-    size[i] = Math.round((box.max[i] - box.min[i]) * 10) / 10;
-  }
-  log(`Bounding Box: X = ${size[0].toLocaleString()} mm, Y = ${
-      size[1].toLocaleString()} mm, Z = ${size[2].toLocaleString()} mm`);
-  const volume = Math.round(manifold.getProperties().volume / 10);
-  log(`Genus: ${manifold.genus().toLocaleString()}, Volume: ${
-      (volume / 100).toLocaleString()} cm^3`);
-
-  // From Z-up to Y-up (glTF)
-  const manifoldMesh = manifold.getMesh();
-
-  const materials = new Array<GLTFMaterial>();
-  const attributes = new Array<Array<string>>();
-  for (const id of manifoldMesh.runOriginalID!) {
-    const material = id2material.get(id) || backupMaterial;
-    materials.push(material);
-    attributes.push(['POSITION', ...material.attributes ?? []]);
-  }
-
-  const gltfMaterials = materials.map((matDef) => {
-    return getCachedMaterial(doc, ghost ? GHOST : matDef);
-  });
-
-  node.setMesh(writeMesh(doc, manifoldMesh, attributes, gltfMaterials));
-
-  const vertices = manifoldMesh.numProp === 3 ?
-      manifoldMesh.vertProperties :
-      new Float32Array(manifoldMesh.numVert * 3);
-  if (manifoldMesh.numProp > 3) {
-    for (let i = 0; i < manifoldMesh.numVert; ++i) {
-      for (let j = 0; j < 3; ++j)
-        vertices[i * 3 + j] =
-            manifoldMesh.vertProperties[i * manifoldMesh.numProp + j];
-    }
-  }
-  object2globalID.set(manifold, nextGlobalID);
-  to3mf.meshes.push(
-      {vertices, indices: manifoldMesh.triVerts, id: `${nextGlobalID++}`});
-
-  for (const [run, id] of manifoldMesh.runOriginalID!.entries()) {
-    let inMesh = shown.get(id);
-    let single = false;
-    if (inMesh == null) {
-      single = true;
-      inMesh = singles.get(id);
-    }
-    if (inMesh == null) {
-      continue;
-    }
-    const mat = single ? materials[run] : SHOW;
-    const debugNode =
-        doc.createNode('debug')
-            .setMesh(writeMesh(
-                doc, inMesh, attributes, [getCachedMaterial(doc, mat)]))
-            .setMatrix(manifoldMesh.transform(run));
-    node.addChild(debugNode);
-  }
-}
-
-function cloneNode(toNode: Node, fromNode: Node) {
-  toNode.setMesh(fromNode.getMesh());
-  fromNode.listChildren().forEach((child) => {
-    const clone = child.clone();
-    toNode.addChild(clone);
-  });
-}
-
-function cloneNodeNewMaterial(
-    doc: Document, toNode: Node, fromNode: Node, backupMaterial: Material,
-    oldBackupMaterial: Material) {
-  cloneNode(toNode, fromNode);
-  const mesh = doc.createMesh();
-  toNode.setMesh(mesh);
-  fromNode.getMesh()!.listPrimitives().forEach((primitive) => {
-    const newPrimitive = primitive.clone();
-    if (primitive.getMaterial() === oldBackupMaterial) {
-      newPrimitive.setMaterial(backupMaterial);
-    }
-    mesh.addPrimitive(newPrimitive);
-  });
-}
-
-function createNodeFromCache(
-    doc: Document, to3MF: To3MF, nodeDef: GLTFNode,
-    manifold2node: Map<Manifold, Map<GLTFMaterial, Node>>): Node {
-  const node = createGLTFnode(doc, nodeDef);
-  const {manifold} = nodeDef;
-  if (manifold != null) {
-    const backupMaterial = getBackupMaterial(nodeDef);
-    const cachedNodes = manifold2node.get(manifold);
-    if (cachedNodes == null) {
-      addMesh(doc, to3MF, node, manifold, backupMaterial);
-      const cache = new Map<GLTFMaterial, Node>();
-      cache.set(backupMaterial, node);
-      manifold2node.set(manifold, cache);
-    } else {
-      const cachedNode = cachedNodes.get(backupMaterial);
-      if (cachedNode == null) {
-        const [oldBackupMaterial, oldNode] = cachedNodes.entries().next().value;
-        cloneNodeNewMaterial(
-            doc, node, oldNode, getCachedMaterial(doc, backupMaterial),
-            getCachedMaterial(doc, oldBackupMaterial));
-        cachedNodes.set(backupMaterial, node);
-      } else {
-        cloneNode(node, cachedNode);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  object2globalID.set(nodeDef, nextGlobalID);
-  to3MF.components.push({
-    id: `${nextGlobalID++}`,
-    name: nodeDef.name,
-    children:
-        manifold == null ? [] : [{objectID: `${object2globalID.get(manifold)}`}]
-  });
-  return node;
-}
-
-async function exportModels(manifold?: Manifold) {
-  const doc = new Document();
-  const halfRoot2 = Math.sqrt(2) / 2;
-  const mm2m = 1 / 1000;
-  const wrapper = doc.createNode('wrapper')
-                      .setRotation([-halfRoot2, 0, 0, halfRoot2])
-                      .setScale([mm2m, mm2m, mm2m]);
-  doc.createScene().addChild(wrapper);
-
-  const to3mf = {
-    meshes: [],
-    components: [],
-    items: [],
-    precision: 7,
-    header: {
-      unit: 'millimeter',
-      title: 'ManifoldCAD.org model',
-      description: 'ManifoldCAD.org model',
-      application: 'ManifoldCAD.org',
-    }
-  } as To3MF;
-
-  if (nodes.length > 0) {
-    const node2gltf = new Map<GLTFNode, Node>();
-    const manifold2node = new Map<Manifold, Map<GLTFMaterial, Node>>();
-    let leafNodes = 0;
-
-    for (const nodeDef of nodes) {
-      node2gltf.set(
-          nodeDef, createNodeFromCache(doc, to3mf, nodeDef, manifold2node));
-      if (nodeDef.manifold) {
-        ++leafNodes;
-      }
-    }
-
-    for (const nodeDef of nodes) {
-      const gltfNode = node2gltf.get(nodeDef)!;
-      const child = {
-        objectID: `${object2globalID.get(nodeDef)}`,
-        transform: gltfNode.getMatrix()
-      };
-      const {parent} = nodeDef;
-      if (parent == null) {
-        wrapper.addChild(gltfNode);
-        to3mf.items.push(child);
-      } else {
-        node2gltf.get(parent)!.addChild(gltfNode);
-        const parent3mf = to3mf.components.find(
-            (comp) => comp.id == `${object2globalID.get(parent)}`)!;
-        parent3mf.children.push(child);
-      }
-    }
-
-    log('Total glTF nodes: ', nodes.length,
-        ', Total mesh references: ', leafNodes);
-  } else {
-    if (manifold == null) {
-      log('No output because "result" is undefined and no "GLTFNode"s were created.');
-      return;
-    }
-    const node = doc.createNode();
-    addMesh(doc, to3mf, node, manifold);
-    wrapper.addChild(node);
-    to3mf.items.push({objectID: `${object2globalID.get(manifold)}`});
-  }
-
-  const glb = await io.writeBinary(doc);
-  const blobGLB = new Blob([glb], {type: 'application/octet-stream'});
-
-  const model = to3dmodel(to3mf);
-  const files: Zippable = {};
-  files['3D/3dmodel.model'] = strToU8(model);
-  files[fileForContentTypes.name] = strToU8(fileForContentTypes.content);
-  const zipFile = zipSync(files);
-  const blob3MF = new Blob(
-      [zipFile],
-      {type: 'application/vnd.ms-package.3dmanufacturing-3dmodel+xml'});
-
-  self.postMessage({
-    glbURL: URL.createObjectURL(blobGLB),
-    threeMFURL: URL.createObjectURL(blob3MF)
-  });
-}

bindings/wasm/helpers.cpp

@@ -3,10 +3,9 @@
 
 #include <vector>
 
-#include "cross_section.h"
-#include "manifold.h"
-#include "polygon.h"
-#include "sdf.h"
+#include "manifold/cross_section.h"
+#include "manifold/manifold.h"
+#include "manifold/polygon.h"
 
 using namespace emscripten;
 using namespace manifold;
@@ -84,7 +83,7 @@ MeshGL MeshJS2GL(const val& mesh) {
   return out;
 }
 
-val GetMeshJS(const Manifold& manifold, const glm::ivec3& normalIdx) {
+val GetMeshJS(const Manifold& manifold, int normalIdx) {
   MeshGL mesh = manifold.GetMeshGL(normalIdx);
   return MeshGL2JS(mesh);
 }
@@ -106,7 +105,7 @@ Manifold Smooth(const val& mesh,
 }  // namespace js
 
 namespace cross_js {
-CrossSection OfPolygons(std::vector<std::vector<glm::vec2>> polygons,
+CrossSection OfPolygons(std::vector<std::vector<vec2>> polygons,
                         int fill_rule) {
   auto fr = fill_rule == 0   ? CrossSection::FillRule::EvenOdd
             : fill_rule == 1 ? CrossSection::FillRule::NonZero
@@ -140,15 +139,15 @@ CrossSection IntersectionN(const std::vector<CrossSection>& cross_sections) {
 }
 
 CrossSection Transform(CrossSection& cross_section, const val& mat) {
-  std::vector<float> array = convertJSArrayToNumberVector<float>(mat);
-  glm::mat3x2 matrix;
+  std::vector<double> array = convertJSArrayToNumberVector<double>(mat);
+  mat2x3 matrix;
   for (const int col : {0, 1, 2})
     for (const int row : {0, 1}) matrix[col][row] = array[col * 3 + row];
   return cross_section.Transform(matrix);
 }
 
 CrossSection Warp(CrossSection& cross_section, uintptr_t funcPtr) {
-  void (*f)(glm::vec2&) = reinterpret_cast<void (*)(glm::vec2&)>(funcPtr);
+  void (*f)(vec2&) = reinterpret_cast<void (*)(vec2&)>(funcPtr);
   return cross_section.Warp(f);
 }
 
@@ -156,11 +155,12 @@ CrossSection Offset(CrossSection& cross_section, double delta, int join_type,
                     double miter_limit, double arc_tolerance) {
   auto jt = join_type == 0   ? CrossSection::JoinType::Square
             : join_type == 1 ? CrossSection::JoinType::Round
-                             : CrossSection::JoinType::Miter;
+            : join_type == 2 ? CrossSection::JoinType::Miter
+                             : CrossSection::JoinType::Bevel;
   return cross_section.Offset(delta, jt, miter_limit, arc_tolerance);
 }
 
-void CollectVertices(std::vector<glm::vec2>& verts, const CrossSection& cs) {
+void CollectVertices(std::vector<vec2>& verts, const CrossSection& cs) {
   auto polys = cs.ToPolygons();
   for (auto poly : polys) verts.insert(verts.end(), poly.begin(), poly.end());
 }
@@ -188,30 +188,59 @@ Manifold IntersectionN(const std::vector<Manifold>& manifolds) {
 }
 
 Manifold Transform(Manifold& manifold, const val& mat) {
-  std::vector<float> array = convertJSArrayToNumberVector<float>(mat);
-  glm::mat4x3 matrix;
+  std::vector<double> array = convertJSArrayToNumberVector<double>(mat);
+  mat3x4 matrix;
   for (const int col : {0, 1, 2, 3})
     for (const int row : {0, 1, 2}) matrix[col][row] = array[col * 4 + row];
   return manifold.Transform(matrix);
 }
 
 Manifold Warp(Manifold& manifold, uintptr_t funcPtr) {
-  void (*f)(glm::vec3&) = reinterpret_cast<void (*)(glm::vec3&)>(funcPtr);
+  void (*f)(vec3&) = reinterpret_cast<void (*)(vec3&)>(funcPtr);
   return manifold.Warp(f);
 }
 
 Manifold SetProperties(Manifold& manifold, int numProp, uintptr_t funcPtr) {
-  void (*f)(float*, glm::vec3, const float*) =
-      reinterpret_cast<void (*)(float*, glm::vec3, const float*)>(funcPtr);
+  void (*f)(double*, vec3, const double*) =
+      reinterpret_cast<void (*)(double*, vec3, const double*)>(funcPtr);
   return manifold.SetProperties(numProp, f);
 }
 
-Manifold LevelSet(uintptr_t funcPtr, Box bounds, float edgeLength,
-                  float level) {
-  float (*f)(const glm::vec3&) =
-      reinterpret_cast<float (*)(const glm::vec3&)>(funcPtr);
-  Mesh m = LevelSet(f, bounds, edgeLength, level);
-  return Manifold(m);
+Manifold LevelSet(uintptr_t funcPtr, Box bounds, double edgeLength,
+                  double level, double tolerance) {
+  double (*f)(const vec3&) = reinterpret_cast<double (*)(const vec3&)>(funcPtr);
+  return Manifold::LevelSet(f, bounds, edgeLength, level, tolerance, false);
+}
+
+std::string Status(Manifold& manifold) {
+  switch (manifold.Status()) {
+    case Manifold::Error::NoError:
+      return "NoError";
+    case Manifold::Error::NonFiniteVertex:
+      return "NonFiniteVertex";
+    case Manifold::Error::NotManifold:
+      return "NotManifold";
+    case Manifold::Error::VertexOutOfBounds:
+      return "VertexOutOfBounds";
+    case Manifold::Error::PropertiesWrongLength:
+      return "PropertiesWrongLength";
+    case Manifold::Error::MissingPositionProperties:
+      return "MissingPositionProperties";
+    case Manifold::Error::MergeVectorsDifferentLengths:
+      return "MergeVectorsDifferentLengths";
+    case Manifold::Error::MergeIndexOutOfBounds:
+      return "MergeIndexOutOfBounds";
+    case Manifold::Error::TransformWrongLength:
+      return "TransformWrongLength";
+    case Manifold::Error::RunIndexWrongLength:
+      return "RunIndexWrongLength";
+    case Manifold::Error::FaceIDWrongLength:
+      return "FaceIDWrongLength";
+    case Manifold::Error::InvalidConstruction:
+      return "InvalidConstruction";
+    default:
+      return "UnknownError";
+  }
 }
 
 std::vector<Manifold> Split(Manifold& a, Manifold& b) {
@@ -219,14 +248,17 @@ std::vector<Manifold> Split(Manifold& a, Manifold& b) {
   return {r1, r2};
 }
 
-std::vector<Manifold> SplitByPlane(Manifold& m, glm::vec3 normal,
-                                   float originOffset) {
+std::vector<Manifold> SplitByPlane(Manifold& m, vec3 normal,
+                                   double originOffset) {
   auto [a, b] = m.SplitByPlane(normal, originOffset);
   return {a, b};
 }
 
-void CollectVertices(std::vector<glm::vec3>& verts, const Manifold& manifold) {
-  Mesh mesh = manifold.GetMesh();
-  verts.insert(verts.end(), mesh.vertPos.begin(), mesh.vertPos.end());
+void CollectVertices(std::vector<vec3>& verts, const Manifold& manifold) {
+  const MeshGL64 mesh = manifold.GetMeshGL64();
+  const auto numVert = mesh.NumVert();
+  for (size_t v = 0; v < numVert; ++v) {
+    verts.push_back(mesh.GetVertPos(v));
+  }
 }
 }  // namespace man_js

bindings/wasm/lib/3mf-export.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+declare module '@jscadui/3mf-export';

bindings/wasm/lib/animation.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,319 @@
+// Copyright 2022-2025 The Manifold Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+import {Accessor, Animation, AnimationSampler, Document, Mesh as GLTFMesh, Node} from '@gltf-transform/core';
+
+import {Manifold, Mesh} from '../manifold-encapsulated-types';
+import {Vec3} from '../manifold-global-types';
+
+import {GLTFNode} from './gltf-node.ts';
+import {euler2quat} from './math.ts';
+
+/**
+ * @inline
+ */
+export type AnimationMode = 'loop'|'ping-pong';
+
+let animationMode: AnimationMode = 'loop';
+let animationDuration: number = 1;
+let animationFPS: number = 30;
+
+/**
+ * Set the animation repeat mode.
+ *
+ * @param mode 'loop' or 'ping-pong'
+ * @group Global Settings
+ */
+export const setAnimationMode = (mode: AnimationMode): void => {
+  animationMode = mode
+};
+
+/**
+ * Get the current animation repeat mode.
+ * @group Global Settings
+ */
+export const getAnimationMode = (): AnimationMode => animationMode;
+
+/**
+ * Set the duration of the animation, in seconds.
+ *
+ * @param duration in seconds.
+ * @group Global Settings
+ */
+export const setAnimationDuration = (duration: number): void => {
+  animationDuration = duration;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Get the current duruation of the animation, in seconds.
+ * @group Global Settings
+ */
+export const getAnimationDuration = (): number => animationDuration;
+
+/**
+ * Set the animation frame rate.
+ *
+ * @param fps in frames per second.
+ * @group Global Settings
+ */
+export const setAnimationFPS = (fps: number): void => {
+  animationFPS = fps;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Get the current animation frame rate.
+ * @group Global Settings
+ */
+export const getAnimationFPS = (): number => animationFPS;
+
+/**
+ *
+ * @internal
+ */
+export interface Morph {
+  start?: (v: Vec3) => void;
+  end?: (v: Vec3) => void;
+}
+
+const manifold2morph = new Map<Manifold, Morph>();
+let animation: Animation;
+let timesAccessor: Accessor;
+let weightsAccessor: Accessor;
+let weightsSampler: AnimationSampler;
+let hasAnimation: boolean;
+
+export function cleanup() {
+  manifold2morph.clear();
+  animationMode = 'loop';
+  animationDuration = 1;
+  animationFPS = 30;
+}
+
+/**
+ *
+ * @internal
+ */
+export function addMotion(
+    doc: Document, type: 'translation'|'rotation'|'scale', node: GLTFNode,
+    out: Node): Vec3|null {
+  const motion = node[type];
+  if (motion == null) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  if (typeof motion !== 'function') {
+    return motion;
+  }
+
+  const nFrames = timesAccessor.getCount();
+  const nEl = type == 'rotation' ? 4 : 3;
+  const frames = new Float32Array(nEl * nFrames);
+  for (let i = 0; i < nFrames; ++i) {
+    const x = i / (nFrames - 1);
+    const m = motion(
+        animationMode !== 'ping-pong' ? x :
+                                        (1 - Math.cos(x * 2 * Math.PI)) / 2);
+    frames.set(nEl === 4 ? euler2quat(m) : m, nEl * i);
+  }
+
+  const framesAccessor =
+      doc.createAccessor(node.name + ' ' + type + ' frames')
+          .setBuffer(doc.getRoot().listBuffers()[0])
+          .setArray(frames)
+          .setType(nEl === 4 ? Accessor.Type.VEC4 : Accessor.Type.VEC3);
+  const sampler = doc.createAnimationSampler()
+                      .setInput(timesAccessor)
+                      .setOutput(framesAccessor)
+                      .setInterpolation('LINEAR');
+  const channel = doc.createAnimationChannel()
+                      .setTargetPath(type)
+                      .setTargetNode(out)
+                      .setSampler(sampler);
+  animation.addSampler(sampler);
+  animation.addChannel(channel);
+  hasAnimation = true;
+  return motion(0);
+}
+
+/**
+ *
+ * @internal
+ */
+export function setMorph(doc: Document, node: Node, manifold: Manifold) {
+  if (manifold2morph.has(manifold)) {
+    const channel = doc.createAnimationChannel()
+                        .setTargetPath('weights')
+                        .setTargetNode(node)
+                        .setSampler(weightsSampler);
+    animation.addChannel(channel);
+    hasAnimation = true;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ *
+ * @internal
+ */
+export const getMorph = (manifold: Manifold) => manifold2morph.get(manifold)
+
+/**
+ *
+ * @internal
+ */
+export function morphStart(manifoldMesh: Mesh, morph?: Morph):
+    number[] {
+      const inputPositions: number[] = [];
+      if (morph == null) {
+        return inputPositions;
+      }
+
+      for (let i = 0; i < manifoldMesh.numVert; ++i) {
+        for (let j = 0; j < 3; ++j)
+          inputPositions[i * 3 + j] =
+              manifoldMesh.vertProperties[i * manifoldMesh.numProp + j];
+      }
+      if (morph.start) {
+        for (let i = 0; i < manifoldMesh.numVert; ++i) {
+          const vertProp = manifoldMesh.vertProperties;
+          const offset = i * manifoldMesh.numProp;
+          const pos = inputPositions.slice(offset, offset + 3) as Vec3;
+          morph.start(pos);
+          for (let j = 0; j < 3; ++j) vertProp[offset + j] = pos[j];
+        }
+      }
+      return inputPositions;
+    }
+
+/**
+ *
+ * @internal
+ */
+export function morphEnd(
+    doc: Document, manifoldMesh: Mesh, mesh: GLTFMesh, inputPositions: number[],
+    morph?: Morph) {
+  if (morph == null) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  mesh.setWeights([0]);
+
+  mesh.listPrimitives().forEach((primitive, i) => {
+    if (morph.end) {
+      for (let i = 0; i < manifoldMesh.numVert; ++i) {
+        const pos = inputPositions.slice(3 * i, 3 * (i + 1)) as Vec3;
+        morph.end(pos);
+        inputPositions.splice(3 * i, 3, ...pos);
+      }
+    }
+
+    const startPosition = primitive.getAttribute('POSITION')!.getArray()!;
+    const array = new Float32Array(startPosition.length);
+
+    const offset = manifoldMesh.runIndex[i];
+    for (let j = 0; j < array.length; ++j) {
+      array[j] = inputPositions[offset + j] - startPosition[j];
+    }
+
+    const morphAccessor = doc.createAccessor(mesh.getName() + ' morph target')
+                              .setBuffer(doc.getRoot().listBuffers()[0])
+                              .setArray(array)
+                              .setType(Accessor.Type.VEC3);
+    const morphTarget =
+        doc.createPrimitiveTarget().setAttribute('POSITION', morphAccessor);
+    primitive.addTarget(morphTarget);
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+ * Apply a morphing animation to the input manifold. Specify the start
+ * function which will be applied to the vertex positions of the first frame and
+ * linearly interpolated across the length of the overall animation. This
+ * animation will only be shown if this manifold is used directly on a GLTFNode.
+ *
+ * @group Modelling Functions
+ * @param manifold The object to add morphing animation to.
+ * @param func A warping function to apply to the first animation frame.
+ */
+export const setMorphStart =
+    (manifold: Manifold, func: (v: Vec3) => void): void => {
+      const morph = manifold2morph.get(manifold);
+      if (morph != null) {
+        morph.start = func;
+      } else {
+        manifold2morph.set(manifold, {start: func});
+      }
+    };
+
+/**
+ * Apply a morphing animation to the input manifold. Specify the end
+ * function which will be applied to the vertex positions of the last frame and
+ * linearly interpolated across the length of the overall animation. This
+ * animation will only be shown if this manifold is used directly on a GLTFNode.
+ *
+ * @group Modelling Functions
+ * @param manifold The object to add morphing animation to.
+ * @param func A warping function to apply to the last animation frame.
+ */
+export const setMorphEnd =
+    (manifold: Manifold, func: (v: Vec3) => void): void => {
+      const morph = manifold2morph.get(manifold);
+      if (morph != null) {
+        morph.end = func;
+      } else {
+        manifold2morph.set(manifold, {end: func});
+      }
+    };
+
+/**
+ *
+ * @internal
+ */
+export function addAnimationToDoc(doc: Document) {
+  animation = doc.createAnimation('');
+  hasAnimation = false;
+  const nFrames = Math.round(animationDuration * animationFPS) + 1;
+  const times = new Float32Array(nFrames);
+  const weights = new Float32Array(nFrames);
+  for (let i = 0; i < nFrames; ++i) {
+    const x = i / (nFrames - 1);
+    times[i] = x * animationDuration;
+    weights[i] =
+        animationMode !== 'ping-pong' ? x : (1 - Math.cos(x * 2 * Math.PI)) / 2;
+  }
+  timesAccessor = doc.createAccessor('animation times')
+                      .setBuffer(doc.createBuffer())
+                      .setArray(times)
+                      .setType(Accessor.Type.SCALAR);
+  weightsAccessor = doc.createAccessor('animation weights')
+                        .setBuffer(doc.getRoot().listBuffers()[0])
+                        .setArray(weights)
+                        .setType(Accessor.Type.SCALAR);
+  weightsSampler = doc.createAnimationSampler()
+                       .setInput(timesAccessor)
+                       .setOutput(weightsAccessor)
+                       .setInterpolation('LINEAR');
+  animation.addSampler(weightsSampler);
+}
+
+/**
+ *
+ * @internal
+ */
+export function cleanupAnimationInDoc() {
+  if (!hasAnimation) {
+    timesAccessor.dispose();
+    weightsAccessor.dispose();
+    weightsSampler.dispose();
+    animation.dispose();
+  }
+}

bindings/wasm/lib/bundler.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,305 @@
+// Copyright 2025 The Manifold Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+import type {BuildFailure} from 'esbuild';
+import * as esbuild from 'esbuild-wasm';
+
+import {BundlerError} from './error.ts';
+import {isNode} from './util.ts';
+
+let esbuildWasmUrl: string|null = null;
+let esbuildHasOwnWorker: boolean = false;
+
+export const setWasmUrl = (url: string) => {
+  esbuildWasmUrl = url;
+};
+
+export const setHasOwnWorker = (x: boolean) => {
+  esbuildHasOwnWorker = x;
+};
+
+/**
+ * These content delivery networks provide NPM modules as ES modules,
+ * whether they were published that way or not.
+ */
+export const cdnUrlHelpers: {[key: string]: (specifier: string) => string} = {
+  'esm.sh': (specifier) => `https://esm.sh/${specifier}`,
+  'jsDelivr': (specifier) => `https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/${specifier}/+esm`,
+  'skypack': (specifier) => `https://cdn.skypack.dev/${specifier}`
+};
+
+const cdnUrl = (specifier: string, jsCDN?: string) => {
+  if (!jsCDN) return specifier;
+  const helper = cdnUrlHelpers[jsCDN];
+  return helper ? helper(specifier) : `${jsCDN}${specifier}`;
+};
+
+export interface BundlerOptions {
+  jsCDN?: string;
+  fetchRemotePackages?: boolean;
+  filename?: string;
+  files?: Record<string, string>;
+}
+
+// Swallow informational logs in testing framework
+function log(...args: any[]) {
+  if (typeof self !== 'undefined' && self.console) {
+    self.console.log(...args);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * This is a plugin for esbuild that has three functions:
+ *   * It resolves NPM packages to urls served by various CDNs.
+ *   * It fetches imports from http/https urls.
+ *   * It provides evaluation context to npm packages.
+ *
+ * ManifoldCAD libraries can include `manifold-3d/manifoldCAD` to get access to
+ * the evaluator context.  Outside of the evaluator, this involves importing a
+ * module.  Inside the evaluator, imports are in the global namespace.  The
+ * imported module will not be able to see the actual evaluator context.  Here,
+ * we will swap it out for an object we will inject at evaluation time.
+ */
+export const esbuildManifoldPlugin = (options: BundlerOptions = {}):
+                                         esbuild.Plugin => ({
+  name: 'esbuild-manifold-plugin',
+  async setup(build) {
+    let manifoldCADExportPath: string|null = null;
+    const manifoldCADExportSpecifier = 'manifold-3d/manifoldCAD'
+    const ManifoldCADExportMatch = /^manifold-3d\/manifoldCAD(.ts|.js)?$/
+    const manifoldCADExportNames = [
+      // Manifold classes.
+      'Mesh', 'Manifold', 'CrossSection',
+      // Manifold methods.
+      'setMinCircularAngle', 'setMinCircularEdgeLength', 'setCircularSegments',
+      'getCircularSegments', 'resetToCircularDefaults', 'triangulate',
+      // Scene builder exports.
+      'show', 'only', 'setMaterial', 'setMorphStart', 'setMorphEnd',
+      // GLTFNode and utilities.
+      'GLTFNode', 'getGLTFNodes', 'resetGLTFNodes',
+      // ManifoldCAD specific exports.
+      'isManifoldCAD'
+    ];
+
+    if (isNode()) {
+      // We only need to check against the local manifoldCAD context on disk if
+      // we happen to be running in node.  Truthfully, this is really only
+      // necessary in development.  End users will almost always import
+      // `manifold-3d/manifoldCAD` instead of `some/path/to/manifoldCAD`.
+      (async () => {
+        const {resolve, dirname} = await import('node:path');
+        const {fileURLToPath} = await import('node:url');
+        const dir = ('string' == typeof __dirname && __dirname) ||
+            ('string' == typeof import.meta?.dirname && import.meta.dirname) ||
+            dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));
+        manifoldCADExportPath = resolve(dir, './manifoldCAD.ts');
+      })();
+    }
+
+    const skipResolve = {};
+    // Try to resolve local files.  If we can't, blindly resolve them to a CDN.
+    build.onResolve({filter: /.*/}, async (args) => {
+      // skipResolve used to avoid loops.
+      // https://github.com/evanw/esbuild/issues/2198#issuecomment-1104566397
+      if (args.pluginData === skipResolve) return null;
+
+      // Skip a few cases handled elsewhere.
+      if (args.namespace === 'http-url') return null;
+      if (args.path.match(/^https?:\/\//)) return null;
+
+      // Is this a manifoldCAD context import?
+      const pluginData = {
+        toplevel:
+            args.importer === options.filename || args.importer === '<stdin>'
+      };
+      if (args.path.match(ManifoldCADExportMatch)) {
+        return {namespace: 'manifold-cad-globals', path: args.path, pluginData};
+      }
+
+      // Is this a virtual file?
+      if (options.files && Object.keys(options.files).includes(args.path)) {
+        return {namespace: 'virtual-file', path: args.path};
+      }
+
+      // Try esbuilds' resolver first.
+      const result = await build.resolve(args.path, {
+        resolveDir: args.resolveDir,
+        kind: 'import-statement',
+        pluginData: skipResolve
+      });
+
+      // We found a local file!
+      if (result.errors.length === 0) {
+        if (manifoldCADExportPath && manifoldCADExportPath === result.path) {
+          // It resolved to our local manifoldCAD context.
+          return {
+            namespace: 'manifold-cad-globals',
+            path: args.path,
+            pluginData
+          };
+        }
+        return result;
+      }
+
+      // Built in resolver failed.  Are we fetching remote packages?
+      if (options.fetchRemotePackages !== false && options.jsCDN) {
+        return {
+          path: cdnUrl(args.path, options.jsCDN),
+          namespace: 'http-url',
+        };
+      }
+
+      // Okay fine.  I give up.
+      return null;
+    });
+
+    // Inject context.
+    build.onLoad(
+        {filter: /.*/, namespace: 'manifold-cad-globals'},
+        (args): esbuild.OnLoadResult => {
+          // This is a string replace.
+          const globals = args.pluginData?.toplevel ?
+              '_manifold_cad_top_level' :
+              '_manifold_cad_library';
+          return {
+            // Type hinting isn't necessary.  Only esbuild will see the swap,
+            // and it doesn't do type validation.
+            contents: `export const {${manifoldCADExportNames}} = ${globals};`,
+          };
+        });
+
+    // Virtual files.
+    build.onLoad(
+        {filter: /.*/, namespace: 'virtual-file'},
+        (args): esbuild.OnLoadResult => {
+          let loader: esbuild.Loader = 'ts';
+          if (args.path.match(/\.js$/)) loader = 'js';
+          return {contents: (options.files!)[args.path], loader};
+        });
+
+    // Unless disabled, handle HTTP/HTTPs urls.
+    if (options.fetchRemotePackages !== false) {
+      // Resolve absolute urls.
+      build.onResolve({filter: /^https?:\/\//}, args => {
+        return {path: args.path, namespace: 'http-url'};
+      });
+
+      // Resolve relative http urls into absolute urls.
+      build.onResolve({filter: /.*/, namespace: 'http-url'}, args => {
+        const path = new URL(args.path, args.importer).toString();
+
+        // Is this a manifoldCAD context import from a remote package?
+        // e.g.: `/npm/manifold-3d/manifoldCAD/+esm`
+        if (path === cdnUrl(manifoldCADExportSpecifier, options.jsCDN)) {
+          const response = {
+            path,
+            namespace: 'manifold-cad-globals',
+            pluginData: {toplevel: false}
+          };
+          return response;
+        }
+
+        return {path, namespace: 'http-url'};
+      });
+
+      // Fetch urls.
+      build.onLoad({filter: /.*/, namespace: 'http-url'}, async (args) => {
+        const response = await fetch(args.path);
+        if (response.ok) {
+          log(`Fetching ${args.path}.`);
+          return {contents: await response.text()};
+        } else {
+          return {errors: [{text: await response.text()}]};
+        }
+      });
+    }
+  },
+});
+
+let esbuild_initialized: boolean = false;
+const getEsbuildConfig =
+    async(options: BundlerOptions = {}): Promise<esbuild.BuildOptions> => {
+  if (!esbuild_initialized) {
+    const esbuildOptions: esbuild.InitializeOptions = {};
+    if (typeof esbuildWasmUrl === 'string' && esbuildWasmUrl) {
+      esbuildOptions.wasmURL = esbuildWasmUrl;
+      esbuildOptions.worker = esbuildHasOwnWorker === true;
+    }
+    await esbuild.initialize(esbuildOptions);
+    esbuild_initialized = true;
+  }
+
+  return {
+    // Create a bundle in memory.
+    bundle: true,
+    write: false,
+    platform: 'neutral',
+    treeShaking: false,
+    sourcemap: 'inline',
+    sourcesContent: false,  // We have the source handy already.
+    format: 'cjs',
+    logLevel: 'silent',
+    plugins: [
+      esbuildManifoldPlugin(options),
+    ],
+    // Some CDN imports will check import.meta.env.  This is only present when
+    // generating an ESM bundle.  In other cases, it generates log noise, so
+    // let's drop it down a log level.
+    logOverride: {'empty-import-meta': 'info'}
+  };
+};
+
+export const bundleFile = async(
+    entrypoint: string, options: BundlerOptions = {}): Promise<string> => {
+  try {
+    const built = await esbuild.build({
+      ...(await getEsbuildConfig({...options, filename: entrypoint})),
+      entryPoints: [entrypoint],
+    });
+    return built.outputFiles![0].text;
+  } catch (error) {
+    if ((error as any).errors?.length) {
+      throw new BundlerError(error as BuildFailure);
+    } else {
+      throw error;
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+export const bundleCode =
+    async(code: string, options: BundlerOptions = {}): Promise<string> => {
+  try {
+    let resolveDir: string|undefined;
+    if (isNode() && options.filename) {
+      const {dirname} = await import('node:path');
+      resolveDir = dirname(options.filename);
+    }
+    const built = await esbuild.build({
+      ...(await getEsbuildConfig(options)),
+      stdin: {
+        contents: code,
+        sourcefile: options.filename,
+        resolveDir,
+        loader: 'ts',
+      }
+    });
+    return built.outputFiles![0].text;
+  } catch (error) {
+    if ((error as any).errors?.length) {
+      throw new BundlerError(error as BuildFailure);
+    } else {
+      throw error;
+    }
+  }
+};

bindings/wasm/lib/debug.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+// Copyright 2022-2025 The Manifold Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+import {Document} from '@gltf-transform/core';
+
+import {Manifold, Mesh} from '../manifold-encapsulated-types';
+
+import {Properties, writeMesh} from './gltf-io.ts';
+import {GLTFMaterial} from './gltf-node.ts';
+import {getCachedMaterial, getMaterialByID as getOriginalMaterialByID} from './material.ts';
+
+// Debug setup to show source meshes
+let ghost = false;
+const shown = new Map<number, Mesh>();
+const singles = new Map<number, Mesh>();
+
+const SHOW = {
+  baseColorFactor: [1, 0, 0],
+  alpha: 0.25,
+  roughness: 1,
+  metallic: 0
+} as GLTFMaterial;
+
+const GHOST = {
+  baseColorFactor: [0.5, 0.5, 0.5],
+  alpha: 0.25,
+  roughness: 1,
+  metallic: 0
+} as GLTFMaterial;
+
+/**
+ * @internal
+ */
+export function cleanup() {
+  ghost = false;
+  shown.clear();
+  singles.clear();
+}
+
+const getDebugMeshByID = (id: number):
+    Mesh|undefined => {
+      return shown.has(id) ? shown.get(id) : singles.get(id);
+    }
+
+/**
+ * Material for a debug visualization.
+ *
+ * There are two conditions:
+ *
+ *   * This is a mesh that has been flagged with `show`.
+ *     It will be highlighted with the SHOW material.
+ *   * This is a mesh that has been flagged with `only`.
+ *     Any other mesh will have the GHOST material, while
+ *     this one gets it's natural material.
+ *
+ * @internal
+ * @param id The `originalID` of the mesh.
+ */
+const getDebugMaterialByID = (id: number):
+    GLTFMaterial|undefined => {
+      const show = shown.has(id);
+      const inMesh = show ? shown.get(id) : singles.get(id);
+      if (show && inMesh) {
+        return SHOW;
+      }
+
+      return getOriginalMaterialByID(id);
+    }
+
+/**
+ * Override materials when debugging.
+ *
+ * When a mesh is flagged with `only`, we set the `ghost` global.
+ * Everything gets rendered in the GHOST material, while the flagged
+ * mesh is added as a debug node.
+ *
+ * @internal
+ * @param id The `originalID` of the mesh.
+ */
+export const getMaterialByID = (id: number): GLTFMaterial|undefined =>
+    ghost ? GHOST : getOriginalMaterialByID(id);
+
+const debug = (manifold: Manifold, map: Map<number, Mesh>) => {
+  let result = manifold.asOriginal();
+  map.set(result.originalID(), result.getMesh());
+  return result;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Wrap any shape object with this method to display it and any copies in
+ * transparent red. This is particularly useful for debugging `subtract()` as it
+ * will allow you find the object even if it doesn't currently intersect the
+ * result.
+ *
+ * @group Modelling Functions
+ * @param manifold The object to show - returned for chaining.
+ */
+export const show = (manifold: Manifold) => {
+  return debug(manifold, shown);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Wrap any shape object with this method to display it and any copies as the
+ * result, while ghosting out the final result in transparent gray. Helpful for
+ * debugging as it allows you to see objects that may be hidden in the interior
+ * of the result. Multiple objects marked `only()` will all be shown.
+ *
+ * @group Modelling Functions
+ * @param manifold The object to show - returned for chaining.
+ */
+export const only = (manifold: Manifold) => {
+  ghost = true;
+  return debug(manifold, singles);
+};
+
+/**
+ *
+ * @internal
+ */
+export const getDebugGLTFMesh =
+    (doc: Document, manifoldMesh: Mesh, id2properties: Map<number, Properties>,
+     backupMaterial: GLTFMaterial = {}) => {
+      const debugNodes = [];
+
+      for (const [run, id] of manifoldMesh.runOriginalID!.entries()) {
+        const debugMesh = getDebugMeshByID(id);
+        if (!debugMesh) {
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        // Here, we'll get back either a debug material (like SHOW),
+        // or the original mesh material.
+        const material = getDebugMaterialByID(id) || backupMaterial;
+        id2properties.get(id)!.material = getCachedMaterial(doc, material);
+
+        const debugNode = doc.createNode('debug')
+                              .setMesh(writeMesh(doc, debugMesh, id2properties))
+                              .setMatrix(manifoldMesh.transform(run));
+        debugNodes.push(debugNode);
+      }
+      return debugNodes;
+    };

bindings/wasm/lib/error.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+// Copyright 2025 The Manifold Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+import type {BuildFailure, Location, Message} from 'esbuild';
+
+export class BundlerError extends Error {
+  location?: Location;
+  error: Message;
+  manifoldStack?: string;
+
+  constructor(failure: BuildFailure, options?: ErrorOptions) {
+    super(undefined, options);
+    this.cause = failure;
+    this.error = failure.errors[0];
+
+    if (this.error.location) {
+      const {file, line, column} = this.error.location!;
+      this.manifoldStack =
+          `${this.toString()}\n    at ${file}:${line}:${column}`;
+    }
+  }
+
+  get name(): string {
+    return 'BundlerError';
+  }
+
+  get message(): string {
+    return this.error.text;
+  }
+};
+
+export class RuntimeError extends Error {
+  manifoldStack?: string;
+  cause: Error;
+
+  constructor(cause: Error, message?: string, options?: ErrorOptions) {
+    super(message ?? cause.message, options);
+    this.cause = cause;
+  }
+
+  get name(): string {
+    return this.cause.name;
+  }
+}

bindings/wasm/lib/export-3mf.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+// Copyright 2023-2025 The Manifold Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+import {Document, mat4, Mesh, Node} from '@gltf-transform/core';
+import {fileForContentTypes, FileForRelThumbnail, to3dmodel} from '@jscadui/3mf-export';
+import {strToU8, Zippable, zipSync} from 'fflate';
+
+import {ManifoldPrimitive} from './manifold-gltf';
+
+interface Mesh3MF {
+  id: string;
+  vertices: Float32Array;
+  indices: Uint32Array;
+  name?: string;
+}
+
+interface Child3MF {
+  objectID: string;
+  transform?: mat4|Array<string>;
+}
+
+interface Component3MF {
+  id: string;
+  children: Array<Child3MF>;
+  name?: string;
+  transform?: mat4|Array<string>;
+}
+
+interface Header {
+  unit?: 'micron'|'millimeter'|'centimeter'|'inch'|'foot'|'meter';
+  title?: string;
+  author?: string;
+  description?: string;
+  application?: string;
+  creationDate?: string;
+  license?: string;
+  modificationDate?: string;
+}
+
+interface To3MF {
+  meshes: Array<Mesh3MF>;
+  components: Array<Component3MF>;
+  items: Array<Child3MF>;
+  precision: number;
+  header: Header;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Object to convert GLTF documents to a 3MF binary.
+ *
+ * @property unit
+ * @property title
+ * @property author
+ * @property description
+ * @property application
+ * @property creationDate
+ * @property license
+ * @property modificationDate
+ */
+
+export class Export3MF {
+  extensions: Array<string> = ['3mf'];
+
+  unit: 'micron'|'millimeter'|'centimeter'|'inch'|'foot'|'meter' = 'millimeter';
+  title?: string = 'ManifoldCAD.org model';
+  author?: string;
+  description?: string = 'ManifoldCAD.org model';
+  application?: string = 'ManifoldCAD.org';
+  creationDate?: string;
+  license?: string;
+  modificationDate?: string;
+
+  /**
+   * Convert a GLTF-Transform document to a 3MF model.
+   *
+   * @param doc The GLTF document to convert.
+   * @returns A blob containing the converted model.
+   */
+  async asBlob(doc: Document) {
+    const to3mf = {
+      meshes: [],
+      components: [],
+      items: [],
+      precision: 7,
+      header: {
+        unit: this.unit,
+        title: this.title,
+        description: this.description,
+        application: this.application,
+        creationDate: this.creationDate,
+        license: this.license,
+        modificationDate: this.modificationDate
+      }
+    } as To3MF;
+
+    // GLTF references by array index.
+    // 3MF references by ID.
+    let nextGlobalID = 1;
+    const object2globalID = new Map<Node|Mesh, string>();
+    const getObjectID = (obj: Node|Mesh) => `${object2globalID.get(obj)}`;
+    const getMeshID = (mesh: Mesh) => {
+      // If a mesh has been cloned with a different material, find
+      // the original mesh.  This isn't a general GLTF feature; this is set
+      // by the ManifoldCAD GLTF exporter.
+      const {clonedFrom} = mesh.getExtras();
+      if (clonedFrom) {
+        return object2globalID.get(clonedFrom as Mesh)
+      }
+      return object2globalID.get(mesh);
+    };
+    const setObjectID =
+        (obj: Node|Mesh) => {
+          const objectID = `${nextGlobalID++}`;
+          object2globalID.set(obj, objectID);
+          return objectID
+        }
+
+    // Get meshes in place first.
+    for (const mesh of doc.getRoot().listMeshes()) {
+      const manifoldPrimitive =
+          mesh.getExtension('EXT_mesh_manifold') as ManifoldPrimitive;
+      if (manifoldPrimitive) {
+        // This mesh has a list of triangle vertices already.
+        const indices = manifoldPrimitive.getIndices();
+        const positionAccessor =
+            mesh.listPrimitives()[0].getAttribute('POSITION')!;
+
+        const objectID = setObjectID(mesh)
+        to3mf.meshes.push({
+          vertices: positionAccessor.getArray()! as Float32Array,
+          indices: indices.getArray()! as Uint32Array,
+          id: objectID
+        });
+      }
+
+      const {clonedFrom} = mesh.getExtras();
+      if (!manifoldPrimitive && clonedFrom) {
+        // GLTF Mesh, instance of another mesh.
+        // getMeshID will find this when adding it to components.
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (!manifoldPrimitive && !clonedFrom) {
+        // GLTF Mesh, no manifold primitive,
+        // not an instance of another mesh.
+        // We should handle this case, but for now we do not.
+        console.log('skipping non-ManifoldCAD mesh')
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Some 3MF parsers (like PrusaSlicer) expect child nodes
+    // to be defined before their parents.
+    const nodes = doc.getRoot().listNodes().reverse()
+    for (const node of nodes) {
+      const meshID = node.getMesh() && getMeshID(node.getMesh()!);
+      to3mf.components.push({
+        id: setObjectID(node),
+        name: node.getName(),
+        children: meshID ? [{objectID: meshID}] : [],
+        transform: node.getMatrix().map(n => n.toFixed(to3mf.precision))
+      });
+    }
+
+    // Now we can work out our node hierarchy.
+    for (const node of doc.getRoot().listNodes()) {
+      const objectID = getObjectID(node)
+      if (!objectID) {
+        console.log(`Could not find object ID for ${node.getName()}`)
+        continue;
+      }
+      const child = {
+        objectID,
+        // Most 3MF parsers will not accept a number in scientific notation.
+        // Transforms are serialized to a string, containing 12 numbers
+        // separated by spaces.  If we force a number to a string here,
+        // 3mf-export passes it through.
+        transform: node.getMatrix().map(n => n.toFixed(to3mf?.precision ?? 7))
+      };
+      const parent = node.getParentNode();
+
+      if (parent) {
+        // This is a child node, add it to its parent.
+        const parentID = getObjectID(parent);
+        const parent3mf = to3mf.components.find((comp) => comp.id == parentID)!;
+        parent3mf.children.push(child);
+      } else {
+        // This is a root node.
+        // Add it to the build list.
+        to3mf.items.push({objectID})
+      }
+    }
+
+    const fileForRelThumbnail = new FileForRelThumbnail();
+    fileForRelThumbnail.add3dModel('3D/3dmodel.model')
+
+    const model = to3dmodel(to3mf as any);
+    const files: Zippable = {};
+    files['3D/3dmodel.model'] = strToU8(model);
+    files[fileForContentTypes.name] = strToU8(fileForContentTypes.content);
+    files[fileForRelThumbnail.name] = strToU8(fileForRelThumbnail.content);
+    const zipFile = zipSync(files);
+    return new Blob(
+        [zipFile as Uint8Array<ArrayBuffer>],
+        {type: 'application/vnd.ms-package.3dmanufacturing-3dmodel+xml'});
+  }
+}

bindings/wasm/lib/export-gltf.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+// Copyright 2023-2025 The Manifold Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+import {Document, WebIO} from '@gltf-transform/core';
+import {KHRONOS_EXTENSIONS} from '@gltf-transform/extensions';
+
+import {setupIO} from './gltf-io.ts';
+
+/**
+ * Object to convert GLTF documents.
+ *
+ */
+export class ExportGLTF {
+  extensions: Array<string> = ['glb', 'gltf'];
+
+  /**
+   * Convert a GLTF-Transform document to a blob.
+   *
+   * @param doc The GLTF document to convert.
+   * @returns A blob containing the converted model.
+   */
+  async asBlob(doc: Document) {
+    const io = setupIO(new WebIO());
+    io.registerExtensions(KHRONOS_EXTENSIONS);
+
+    const glb = await io.writeBinary(doc);
+    return new Blob(
+        [glb as Uint8Array<ArrayBuffer>], {type: 'application/octet-stream'});
+  }
+}